Early Warning of Heavy Metal Pollution in the Waters of Obi Island Based on Plankton Elements

Authors

  • Tamrin Tamrin Fisheries, and Marine of Faculty, University of Khairun
  • Muhammad Aris Fisheries, and Marine of Faculty, University of Khairun

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.35800/jip.v10i1.37329

Keywords:

Phytoplankton, Zooplankton, SI index, Obi island

Abstract

Industrial activities that are around the waters will donate dangerous heavy metals and enter the waters through rivers. Heavy metal pollution is very dangerous for animals, plants, and humans. Exposure to heavy metals in humans occurs through the food chain. Pollution observation methods using living organisms such as plankton as bioindicators are more effective. As an indicator of biological, composition, and abundance of plankton can provide a guide for monitoring the occurrence of pollution by using the saprobic index. This research aims to determine the level of pollution in the waters of Obi Island. The results of identification of plankton samples found 17 genera phytoplankton in 2 different classes, Diatom and Dinoflagellate, and 3 genera of zooplankton class. The average abundance of phytoplankton from the results of the study was 5.253 individual/L which means that the water conditions were mesotrophic. Meanwhile, the average abundance of zooplankton is 57 individuals/m3. The saprobic index and trophic saprobic index analysis tend to show that the waters are in the mild to moderate polluted category, where the waters are at the β-Mesosaprobic level.

Keywords: Phytoplankton; Zooplankton; SI index; Obi island

 

Abstrak

Kegiatan industri pertambangan di Kawasi merupakan pertambangan untuk memperoleh biji nikel (Ni). Biji Ni umumnya berasosiasi dengan log am berat lainnya seperti tembaga (Cu), arsenik (As), besi (Fe), dan platina (Pt) sehingga berpeluang besar masuk ke perairan di sekitar kawasan pertambangan melaluli aliran sungai. Interaksi yang terjadi dalam ekosistem perairan sungai dan beban masukan yang tidak terkendali dapat mempengaruhi ketersediaan unsur hara dan fitoplankton. Fitoplankton merupakan parameter biologi yang dapat di jadikan indikator untuk mengevaluasi kualitas dan tingkat kesuburan perairan. Sebagai indikator biologi komposisi dan kelimpahan fitoplankton dapat memberikan petunjuk untuk memantau terjadinya pencemaran dengan menggunakan indeks saprobitas. Hasil identifikasi sampel plankton yang dijumpai berjumlah 17 genus fitoplankton dalam 2 kelas berbeda, yaitu diatom dan Dinoflagellate, serta 3 genus zooplankton kelas copepoda. Dari hasil penelitian ini, kelas fitoplankton yang paling banyak tercacah adalah diatom atau Bacillariophyceae. Rata – rata kelimpahan fitoplankton (Diatom dan Dinoflagellata) dari hasil penelitian sebesar 15.503 ind/L. Hal ini, berarti bahwa kelimpahan perairan pada lokasi penelitian dalam kondisi tinggi (eutotrof). Jenis zooplankton yang tercacah merupakan zooplankton kelas copepoda yang terdiri atas Oithona sp.; Corycaeus sp.; dan Paracalunus sp. Analisis SI dan TSI cenderung menunjukan perairan berada pada kategori tercemar ringan sampai sedang, dimana perairan berada pada tingkat β- Mesosaprobik.

Kata Kunci: Biji Nikel; Fitoplankton; Zooplankton; Indeks SI dan TSI.

References

Abdolvand S, Esfahani SK, Dmirchi S. 2014. Mercury (Hg) and Methyl Mercury (MMHg) Bioaccumulation in Three Fish Species (Sea Food) from the Persian Gulf. Toxicol. Environ. Health. Sci. 6(3): 192-198.

Akomeah E, Davies J, Lindenschmidt K. 2019. Water Quality Modeling of Phytoplankton and Nutrient Cycles of a Complex Cold-Region River-Lake System. Environmental Modeling & Assessment, DOI: 10.1007/s10666-019-09681-x

Asare ML, Cobbina SJ, Akpabey FJ, Duwiejuah AB, Abuntori ZN. 2018. Heavy Metal Concentration in Water, Sediment and Fish Species in the Bontanga Reservoir, Ghana. Toxicol. Environ. Health. Sci. 10(1): 49-58.

Authman MMN, Zaki MS, Khallaf EA, Abbas HH. 2015. Use of Fish as Bio-indicator of the Effects of Heavy Metals Pollution. J Aquac Res Development 6(4).

Cortes J, Peralta J, Díaz-Navarro R. 2018. Acute respiratory syndrome following accidental inhalation of mercury vapor. Clin Case Rep., 6:1535–1537

Eduardo AL, Carla H, Marilia S, Carlos E, Luc E. 2016. Diatoms as bioindicators in rivers. In: River Algae, 11: 245–271.

Hao Z, Chen L, Wang C, Zou X, Zheng F, Feng W, Zhang D, Peng L. 2019. Heavy metal distribution and bioaccumulation ability in marine organisms from coastal regions of Hainan and Zhoushan, China. Chemosphere 226: 340-350.

Hemraj DA, Hossain MA, Ye Q, Qin JG, Leterme SC. 2017. Plankton bioindicators of environmental conditions in coastal lagoons. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 184: 102-114.

Hutabarat S, Soedarsono P, Cahyaningtyas I. 2013. Studi Analisa Plankton Untuk Menentukan Tingkat Pencemaran Di Muara Sungai Babon Semarang. Journal Of Management Of Aquatic Resources, 2(3): 74-84

Johnson WS, Allen DM. 2012. Zooplankton of the Atlantic and Gulf coasts: a guide to their identification and ecology. JHU Press.

Lavoie RA, Bouffard A, Maranger R, Amyot M. 2018. Mercury transport and human exposure from global marine fisheries. ScIentIfIc ReportS, 8:6705.

Maurya PK, Malik DS. 2018. Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in tissues of selected fish species from Ganga river, India, and risk assessment for human health, Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2018.1456897

Menteri Negara Lingkungan Hidup, Indonesia. 2004. Keputusan Menteri Negara Lingkungan Hidup Nomor 51 Tahun 2004 tentang Baku Mutu Air Laut Untuk Biota Laut. Jakarta

Nogara PA, Farina M, Aschner M, Rocha JBT. 2019. Mercury in Our Food. Chem. Res. Toxicol., 32: 1459−1461

Pantle R, Harald B. 1955. Die biologische Uberwachung der Gewasser und die Darstellung ihrer Ergebnisse. GWF 96. Jg. Heft 18, S.604

Semionov A. 2018. Minamata Disease—Review. World Journal of Neuroscience, 8: 178-184

Theriot EC. 2012. Diatoms. eLS. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd: Chichester. DOI: 10.1002/9780470015902.a0000330.pub2

Wardhana W. 2003. Teknik Sampling Pengawetan dan Analisis Plankton. [Jurnal]. Disampaikan dalam Pelatihan Teknik Sampling dan Identifikasi Plankton. Balai Pengembangan dan Pengujian Mutu Perikanan. Jakarta.

Zhang Y, Ban X, Li E, Wang Z, Xiao F. 2020. Evaluating ecological health in the middle-lower reaches of the Hanjiang River with cascade reservoirs using the Planktonic index of biotic integrity (P-IBI). Ecological Indicators, 114: 106282.

Downloads

Published

2022-01-17

How to Cite

Tamrin, T., & Aris, M. (2022). Early Warning of Heavy Metal Pollution in the Waters of Obi Island Based on Plankton Elements. Jurnal Ilmiah PLATAX, 10(1), 55–60. https://doi.org/10.35800/jip.v10i1.37329