GAMBARAN KADAR ASAM URAT PADA PENDERITA TUBERKULOSIS PARU YANG MENERIMA TERAPI OBAT ANTI TUBERKULOSIS DI RSUP PROF. DR. R. D. KANDOU MANADO PERIODE JULI 2014 – JUNI 2015
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35790/ecl.v4i1.10980Abstract
Abstract: Pulmonary tuberculosis is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. There are 6 kinds of essential drugs which have been used: isoniazid, amino salicylic acid, streptomycin, ethambutol, rifampicin, and pyrazinamide. As reported, pyrazinamide and ethambutol can cause increased levels of uric acid. This study aimed to obtain the uric acid profile in tuberculosis patients treated with antituberculosis drugs in Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital Manado. This was a retrospective descriptive study using data of the Medical Record Department of Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital Manado. Of 25 tuberculosis patients treated with antituberculosis drugs, the uric acid levels were as follows: high in 15 patients (60%), normal in 9 patients (36%), and low in 1 patient (4%). The highest proportion of tuberculosis patients who had hyperuricemia after treated with antituberculosis drugs were male (73.33%) and age 46-65 years (46.67%). The increased uric acid level mainly occurred in the intensive phase of treatment (0-2 months), and in patients taking the combination of pyrazinamide and ethambutol. The most common comorbid disease was anemia (53.33%). Conclusion: Hyperuricemia was found in 60% of TB patients receiving antituberculosis drugs with a male : female ratio 2.75:1, mainly occurred in the intensive phase of treatment (0-2 months) and in patients who used a combination of pyrazinamide and ethambutol.
Keywords: pulmonary tuberculosis, anti-tuberculosis drugs, uric acid
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Abstrak: Tuberkulosis (TB) paru adalah suatu penyakit infeksi kronik yang disebabkan Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Terdapat 6 macam obat esensial yang telah dipakai, yaitu: isoniazid (H), para amino salisilik asid, streptomisin, etambutol, rifampisin, dan pirazinamid. Pirazinamid dan etambutol dilaporkan dapat menyebabkan peningkatan kadar asam urat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan gambaran kadar asam urat pada pasien TB paru yang menerima obat antituberkulosis (OAT) di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado. Jenis penelitian ini deskriptif retrospektif dengan mengambil data sekunder di Instalasi Rekam Medik RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado. Hasil pemeriksaan laboratorium dari 25 pasien TB yang menjalani terapi OAT memperlihatkan 15 pasien (60%) dengan kadar asam urat tinggi, 9 pasien (36%) normal, dan 1 pasien (4%) kadar asam urat rendah. Proporsi tertinggi pasien TB yang mengalami hiperurisemia setelah menerima OAT ialah laki-laki (73,33%), rentang umur 46-65 tahun (46,67%). Peningkatan terutama terjadi pada fase intensif pengobatan (0-2 bulan), dan pada pasien yang mengonsumsi kombinasi pirazinamid dan etambutol. Penyakit komorbid terbanyak ialah anemia (53,33%). Simpulan: Hiperurisemia ditemukan pada 60% pasien TB yang menjalani terapi OAT, jenis kelamin laki-laki lebih banyak dari perempuan (2,75:1), peningkatan terutama terjadi pada pengobatan fase intensif (0-2 bulan), dan pada pasien yang menggunakan kombinasi pirazinamid dan etambutol.
Kata kunci: tuberkulosis paru, obat anti tuberkulosis, asam urat
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