Karakteristik kehamilan dengan luaran asfiksia saat lahir di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado periode Januari – Desember 2014
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35790/ecl.v4i1.11694Abstract
Abstract: Asphyxia is a condition when a newborn baby does not breath spontaneously soon after birth. Maternal, labor, and fetal factors such as premature rupture of membrane, sectio caesarea, and fetal distress can cause asphyxia.. According to World Health Organization, in each year 3,6 million of 120 million newborns had asphyxia, and nearly one million babies died. According to data from the Indonesian Health Profile, low birth weight has the highest mortality risk (40,15%) in newborn, followed by asphyxia during birth (25,13%) in all hospitals in Indonesia. This study aimed to obtain the characteristics of pregnancy with asphyxia during birth in the Obstetric and Gynecology Department at Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hosppital Manado during the period of January 2014 to December 2014. This was a descriptive retrospective study using medical record data of characteristics of pregnancy with asphyxia during birth in the labour room. The results showed that of 1273 cases of infant with asphyxia, pregnancies with complications had higher cases than pregnancies without complication. Among pregnancies without complication, there were 25% moderate asphyxia and 30% severe asphyxia newborns. Newborns with asphyxia were more common in primigravida than in multigravida. Based on age of mothers, asphyxia occured the most among mothers with the age range of 20-35 years (17.4%). Based on gestational age, aterm pregnancy had the highest incidence rate in newborn asphyxia (20%). Fetal distress was the highest cause of asphyxia in complicated pregnancy (18.3%). Asphyxia occured more common in pregnancies with complications than in pregnancies without complications. Among pregnancies without complications, primigravida, age of mothers 20-35 years, and aterm pregnancy had the highest rate of newborn asphyxia. Fetal distress was the highest cause of asphyxia in complicated pregnancy.
Keywords: pregnancy, asphyxia
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Abstrak: Asfiksia adalah keadaan bayi yang tidak dapat bernapas spontan dan teratur segera setelah lahir. Faktor yang dapat menyebabkan asfiksia ialah faktor ibu, persalinan, dan janin; sebagai contoh ketuban pecah dini, seksio sesarea, dan gawat janin. Berdasarkan data World Health Organization, setiap tahunnya 3,6 juta bayi (3%) dari 120 juta bayi baru lahir mengalami asfiksia, hampir satu juta bayi ini meninggal. Menurut data dari Profil Kesehatan Indonesia dari semua rumah sakit di Indonesia didapatkan kematian terbanyak ialah berat badan lahir rendah resiko kematian pertama tertinggi 40,15% dan kedua tertinggi asfiksia saat lahir yaitu 25,13%. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik kehamilan dengan luaran asfiksia saat lahir di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado periode Januari – Desember 2014. Jenis penelitian ini ialah deskriptif retrospektif menggunakan catatan rekam medik di ruang VK Bagian Obstetri dan Ginekologi RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan dari 1273 kasus bayi asfiksia, kehamilan dengan penyulit lebih banyak menderita asfiksia dibandingkan kehamilan tanpa penyulit. Penyulit kehamilan pada asfiksia derajat sedang 75% dan asfiksia derajat berat 70%. Tanpa penyulit kehamilan yaitu pada asfiksia derajat sedang 25% dan asfiksia derajat berat 30%. Didapatkan data tanpa penyulit kehamilan, primigravida
(14,5%) lebih banyak menderita asfiksia dibandingkan multigravida. Berdasarkan umur ibu, bayi yang mengalami asfiksia terbanyak pada umur ibu 20-35 tahun (17,4%). Berdasarkan usia kehamilan, usia kehamilan aterm merupakan angka kejadian tertinggi pada bayi asfiksia (20%). Data penyulit kehamilan didapatkan gawat janin merupakan angka tertinggi menderita asfiksia (18,3%). Penyulit kehamilan lebih banyak menderita asfiksia dibandingkan tanpa penyulit kehamilan. Kehamilan tanpa penyulit didapatkan primigravida, umur ibu 20-35 tahun, dan usia kehamilan atterm merupakan penderita asfiksia terbanyak. Kehamilan dengan penyulit didapatkan gawat janin merupakan penderita asfiksia terbanyak.
Kata kunci: kehamilan, asfiksia
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