Pemanfaatan Beluntas (Pluchea indica (L.) Less) dan Bioaktivitasnya (Kajian Lanjutan Pemanfaatan Tumbuhan dari Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat di Desa Sindang Jaya, Kabupaten Cianjur)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35799/vivabio.1.1.2019.24744Abstract
Pluchea indica (PI) atau beluntas telah lama dimanfaatkan sebagai obat, sayur dan minuman kesehatan oleh berbagai masyarakat khususnya di Asia Tenggara termasuk masyarakat di Desa Sindang Jaya Cianjur. Pemanfaatan PI sebagai obat tradisional berhubungan dengan kandungan metabolit sekundernya. Penulisan artikel ini didasarkan pada kajian literatur yang bersumber dari jurnal ilmiah, buku maupun hasil penelitian yang berhubungan dengan pemanfaatan dan bioaktivitas PI. Masyarakat di Desa Sindang Jaya memanfaatkan PI sebagai lalaban (sayur) dan juga obat sehingga mudah ditemukan di lingkungan sekitar terutama pekaranagn. Secara etnobotani PI dimanfaatkan untuk mengatasi diabetes mellitus, tumor, hipertensi, sistitis, luka, tonik otak, batu ginjal, wasir, radang, sakit pinggang, keputihan, lumbago, ulcer, tuberculosis dan inflammasi. Berbagai senyawa aromatik ditemukan pada PI seperti thiophenes, asam klorogenat, asam 3,4-O-dicaffeoylquinic, dan asam 3,5-Odicaffeoylquinic. Senyawa tiofena memiliki sifat biologis yang luas seperti antimikroba, anti virus,
inhibitor HIV-1 protease, anti leishmania, nematisidal, insektisidal, fototoksik dan anti kanker. Bioaktivitas PI sebagai anti mikroba, antioksidan, anti fertilitas, anti diabetes mellitus, anti inflamantori, analgesik, anti kanker dan obat luka. Pemanfaatan PI sebagai antiobesitas perlu dikaji lebih lanjut sehingga dapat dikembangkan sebagai bahan pangan menyehatkan sekaligus menurunkan berat badan.
Kata kunci: Pluchea indica, anti fertilitas, anti obesitas, tiofene
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