ANALISIS INDEKS KUALITAS LINGKUNGAN HIDUP DI KOTA MANADO

Abstract

Environment is an importan issue and complex. The rate of population growth and development
greatly affects the quality of the environment in Manado City. Environmental quality is an environmental
condition that can provide optimal carrying capacity for human survival in an area. Environmental quality
includes water quality, air quality, and land cover quality. This study aims to analyze the Environmental
Quality Index in Manado City which includes the Water Quality Index, Air Quality Index, and Land Cover
Quality Index.
The method used in this research is descriptive quantitative. Measurement of water quality was carried
out in three major rivers in Manado City, namely the Tondano River, the Sario River, and the Malalayang
River. From each river, measurements of water quality were carried out at two points, including the
upstream and downstream areas with the measured parameters TDS, TSS, BOD, COD, and DO. Analysis
of water quality using the Pollution Index (PI) method and then converted into the Water Quality Index
value. Measurement of air quality were carried out at three points, including office, transportation, and
residential areas with parameters measured as SO2 and NO2. Analysis of air quality using a calculation of
the European Union (EU) model of Air Quality Index and then converted into an Air Quality Index value.
Measurement of land cover quality is carried out by calculating the land cover index, namely measuring the
area of Manado City and the area of green land or forest using ArcGIS Software. The land cover value is
obtained from the division between the area of green land or forest and the area of Manado City and then
converted into the Land Cover Quality Index value. Analysis of Environmental Quality was carried out by
calculating the Environmental Quality Index in Manado City, namely the value of the Water Quality Index
(30%), Air Quality Index (30%), and Land Cover Quality Index (40%).
The quality of water in Manado City based on the parameter test showed a decrease in quality where
the parameters of BOD, COD, and DO exceed the quality standards according to PP 82 of 2001 while the
status of water quality in the mildly polluted category was based on KepMen LH 115 of 2003. The value of
the Water Quality Index obtained 80. The Quality of Air in Manado City based on the results of monitoring,
the highest values of SO2 and NO2 in the transportation area. The value of the Air Quality Index obtained
30,56. The Quality of Land Cover in Manado City is based on the calculation of the Land Cover Index
obtained 0,72. The Land Cover Quality Index value obtained 89,60. The results of the Environmental
Quality Index value for the City of Manado obtained 69 with the predicate Fairly Good.
Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded the Environmental Quality Index in Manado City
is fairly good. It is recommended for Manado City Goverment in achieving a better environmental condition
needs to increase activities that are managing and providing protection for the environment in Manado City.
Keywords: Environmental Quality Index