Karakteristik Pektin Kulit Buah Sukun (Artocarpus altilis (Park.) Fosberg) dan Uji Kemampuan Adsorpsi Logam Berat pada Limbah Laboratorium Stifera Semarang

Abstract

Uji karakteristik pektin kulit buah sukun (Artocarpus altilis (Park.) Fosberg) dan uji kemampuan adsorpsi logam berat pada limbah laboratorium stifera Semarang. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu menentukan kondisi optimum pektin kulit buah sukun dalam menyerap ion Pb²⁺ dan Cd²⁺ terhadap parameter variasi berat, lama waktu kontak, pH dan ukuran partikel serta menentukan persentase penurunan kadar ion Pb²⁺ dan Cd²⁺ pada limbah cair laboratorium farmasi. Metode isolasi pektin dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode konvensional dan dilakukan pengujian karakteristik pektin yaitu uji kadar air, kadar abu, berat ekivalen, kadar metoksil, kadar galakturonat, derajat esterifikasi, identifikasi FTIR dan GC-MS. Uji kemampuan adsorpsi logam berat dengan 4 variasi optimasi yaitu berat pektin yaitu 100, 300 dan 500 mg; lama waktu kontak 30, 60, 90 dan 120 menit; pH 4, 5, 6 dan 7; variasi ukuran partikel 80, 100 dan 120 mesh, metode analisis menggunakan alat spektrofotometri serapan atom. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan  bahwa berat optimum terjadi pada 500 mg, lama waktu kontak 90 menit, pH 5 dan ukuran partikel 120 mesh baik ion Pb²⁺ dan Cd²⁺. Hasil tersebut diaplikasikan pada limbah laboratorium farmasi dan didapatkan rata-rata persentase penurunan ion logam Pb²⁺90,53% dan ion Cd²⁺ 91,51%.

Kata kunci: Adsorpsi; kulit buah sukun; pektin

Characteristics of Breadfruit Peel Pectin (Artocarpus altilis (Park.) Fosberg) and Ability Test of Heavy Metal Adsorption in Waste Stifera Laboratory Semarang

ABSTRACT

Characteristic test of pectin of breadfruit peel (Artocarpus altilis (Park.) Fosberg) and test of heavy metal adsorption ability in laboratory waste Stifera Semarang. The aim of this study was to determine the optimum conditions for pectin to absorb Pb²⁺ and Cd²⁺ ions on the parameters of weight variation, contact time, pH and particle size and to determine the percentage decrease in Pb²⁺ and Cd²⁺ ion levels in pharmaceutical laboratory wastewater. Pectin isolation method was carried out using conventional methods and the characteristics of pectin were tested, namely water content, ash content, equivalent weight, methoxyl content, galacturonic content, esterification degree, FTIR identification, GC-MS. Heavy metal adsorption ability test with optimization variations, namely the weight of pectin is 100, 300, 500 mg; length of contact time 30, 60, 90, 120 minutes; pH 4, 5, 6, 7; variation of particle size 80, 100, 120, analytical method using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The results showed that the optimum weight occurred at 500 mg, contact time of 90 minutes, pH 5 and particle size of 120 both Pb²⁺ and Cd²⁺ ions. These results were applied to pharmaceutical laboratory waste and the average percentage reduction of metal ions Pb²⁺ was 90.53% and Cd²⁺ ions were 91.51%.

Keywords: Adsorption; breadfruit peel; pectin