Keanekaragaman dan Pemanfaatan Tanaman Pekarangan di Desa Taripa, Kecamatan Pamona Timur, Kabupaten Poso, Sulawesi Tengah

Abstract

(Article History: Received January 14, 2021; Revised February 15, 2021; Accepted February 28, 2021)

ABSTRAK

Pekarangan merupakan sebidang tanah yang di atasnya terdapat bangunan tempat tinggal dan dapat dibudidayakan berbagai spesies tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis keanekaragaman dan pemanfaatan tanaman pekarangan di Desa Taripa, Kecamatan Pamona Timur, Kabupaten Poso, Sulawesi Tengah. Pengambilan sampel berdasarkan luas pekarangan yaitu kategori sempit (100-200 m²), sedang (300-400 m²) dan luas (500-600 m²). Pada setiap kategori diambil 10 sampel pekarangan dan dicatat seluruh spesies tanaman yang terdapat pada pekarangan tersebut. Pemanfaatan tanaman ditentukan berdasarkan alasan penanaman dengan wawancara langsung dengan pemilik pekarangan.  Analisis data meliputi kelimpahan, indek kekayaan, indek keanekaragaman dan indek kemerataan spesies tanaman. Hasil didapatkan sebanyak 64 famili yang terdiri dari 155 spesies dan 1265 individu. Famili yang banyak ditemukan jumlah spesiesnya adalah Araceae.  Spesies yang memiliki kelimpahan tertinggi yaitu Garcinia mangostana dan Curcuma longa. Kelimpahan spesies tertinggi pada lahan pekarangan katagori luas. Keanekaragaman dan kekayaan spesies tanaman tertinggi pada lahan pekarangan kategori sempit, sedangkan kemerataan pada lahan kategori sedang. Habitus tanaman yang banyak dimanfaatkan adalah herba. Organ tanaman yang dimanfaatkan umumnya daun, sedangkan pemanfaatan tanaman pekarangan banyak digunakan sebagai sumber pangan.

Kata kunci: Keanekaragaman; Garcinia mangostoma; herba; daun.

ABSTRACT

Yard is a plot of land on which there are residential buildings and various plant species can be cultivated. This research aims to analyze the diversity and utilization of garden plants in Taripa Village, East Pamona District, Poso Regency, Central Sulawesi. Sampling was based on the area of the yard, namely the narrow (100-200 m²), medium (300-400 m²) and broad (500-600 m²). In each category, 10 samples of the yard were taken and recorded all plant species found in the yard. The use of plants is determined based on the reasons for planting by direct interviews with the owners of the yards. Data analysis includes abundance, Richness index, diversity index and index evenness of plant species. The results obtained were 64 families consisting of 155 species and 1265 individuals. The family with the most number of species found is Araceae. The species that had the highest abundance were Garcinia mangostana and Curcuma longa. The highest species abundance was in the large yard area. The highest diversity and richness of plant species was in the narrow category land, while evenness was in the medium category. Plant habitus that is widely used is herbaceous. The plant organs that are used are generally leaves, while the use of garden plants is widely used as a food source.  

Key words: Diversity; Garcinia mangostoma; herb; leaf.