Analisis Karakteristik dan Uji Bioaktivitas Bakteri Rizosfer PGPR (Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria) Isolat Kalasey

Stephen Christiano Lengkong, Parluhutan Siahaan, Agustina Monalisa Tangapo

Abstract


PGPR fertilizer in Kalasey North Sulawesi has been used for horticultural crop cultivation. Data on the types of bacteria and the ability of bacterial activity to stimulate plant growth in local areas have never been published. This study aims to analyze the characteristics and to test the bioactivity of the bacterial isolates Kalasey. The method is carried out by isolating, identifying, and testing IAA production, phosphate dissolution, and nitrogen fixation of bacteria isolates. The results showed that there were 9 bacterial isolates by characteristic macroscopic colony. IAA production ranged between 13.22-39.52 mg/L. The solubilization index in dissolving phosphate ranges from 1.0-2.9. Nitrogen fixation showed 4 isolates were positive on Ashby media. Microscopic observation showed 8 isolates were gram negative and 1 isolate was gram positive. The shapes of bacteria vary from round, rod, circular chain, and straight chain rod. In conclusion, local soil bacteria isolated are soil bacteria with varied characteristics and have potential activity capabilities in the development of local PGPR fertilizers.

Keywords: Soil Bacteria; Bioactivity; Rhizosphere; Growth Promoting

ABSTRAK

Pupuk organik cair PGPR Desa Kalasey, Minahasa, Sulawesi Utara telah dimanfaatkan untuk budidaya tanaman hortikultura. Data tentang jenis-jenis bakteri dan kemampuan aktivitas bakteri dalam memacu pertumbuhan tanaman di daerah lokal belum pernah terpublikasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis karakteristik dan menguji bioaktivitas dari isolat-isolat bakteri terkait. Metode dilakukan dengan mengisolasi, mengidentifikasi, dan melakukan pengujian produksi IAA, pengujian pelarutan fosfat, dan pengujian fiksasi nitrogen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapatnya 9 isolat bakteri. Produksi IAA berkisar antara 13,22-39,52 mg/L. Indeks solubilisasi dalam pelarutan fosfat berkisar 1,0-2,9. Fiksasi nitrogen menunjukkan 4 isolat positif pada media Ashby. Pengamatan mikroskopis menunjukkan 8 isolat termasuk bakteri Gram negatif dan 1 isolat termasuk bakteri Gram positif. Bentuk-bentuk bakteri bervariasi dari bulat, batang, bulat berantai, dan batang lurus berantai. Kesimpulannya, bakteri tanah daerah lokal yang diisolasi merupakan bakteri-bakteri tanah dengan karakteristik yang beragam dan memiliki kemampuan aktivitas yang berpotensi baik dalam pengembangan pupuk PGPR lokal.


Keywords


Bakteri Tanah; Bioaktivitas; PGPR; Rizosfer

Full Text:

PDF

References


Alori ET, Glick BR, dan Olubukola OB (2017) Microbial phosphorus solubilization and its potential for use in sustainable agriculture. Frontier Microbiology 2(8): 971. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.00971

Agustiyani D, Laili N, dan Dewi TK (2017) Karakterisasi fisiologi dan uji aktivitas PGPR (plant growth promoting rhizobacteria) beberapa isolat bakteri dari Tual, Maluku Tenggara pada media spesifik ashby. Prosiding Seminar Nasional, LIPI, Jakarta, Indonesia. pp. 589-599.

Bilen S, Bilen M, dan Bardhan, S (2013) The effects of boron management on soil microbial population and enzyme activities. African Journal of Biotechnology 10(27): 5311-5319. https://doi.org/10.4314/AJB.V10I27

Chen TP, Rekha PD, Arun AB, Shen FT, Lai WA, dan Young CC (2006) Phosphate solubilizing bacteria from subtropical soil and their tricalcium phosphate solubilizing abilities. Applied Soil Ecology 34(1): 33-41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2005.12.002

Dewi, T.K., Arum, E.S., Imamudin, H., dan Antonius, S. (2015). Karakterisasi mikroba perakaran (pgpr) agen penting pendukung pupuk organik hayati. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Masyarakat Biodiversitas Indonesia. Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia. pp. 289-295.

Gamalero E dan Glick BR (2011) Mechanisms used by plant growth-promoting bacteria. Dalam: Maheshwari, M. K (ed) Bacteria in agrobiology: plant nutrient management. Springer-Verlang, Berlin Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21061-7

Gilbert S, Xu J, Acosta K, Poulev A, Lebeis S, dan Lam E (2018) Bacterial production of indole related compounds reveals their role in association between duckweeds and endophytes. Frontier in Chemistry 6(265): 1-14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2018.00265

Hadisuwito S (2012) Membuat pupuk organik cair. PT. Agro Media Pustaka, Jakarta.

Hakeem KR, Sabir M, Ozturk M, Akhtar MS, dan Ibrahim FH (2017) Nitrate and nitrogen oxides: sources, health effects and their remediation. Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 242: 183-217. https://doi.org/10.1007/398_2016_11

Hardiansyah MY, Musa Y, dan Jaya AM (2020) Identifikasi plant growth promoting rhizobacteria pada rizosfer bambu duri dengan gram KOH 3%. Agrotechnology Research Journal 4(1): 41-46. https://doi.org/10.20961/agrotechresj.v4i1.40875

Hidayat I (2017) Eksplorasi dan identifikasi bakteri penambat nitrogen pada rizosfer berbagai jenis bambu sebagai plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). Skripsi. Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar.

Holt JG (ed) (1994) Bergey’s manual of determinative bacteriology. William dan Wilkins, Philadelphia.

Islam H, Nelvia N, dan Zul D (2019) Isolasi dan uji potensi bakteri diazotrof non simbiotik asal tanah kebun kelapa sawit dengan aplikasi tandan kosong dan limbah cair pabrik kelapa sawit. Jurnal Agroteknologi 9(2): 35-40. https://doi.org/10.24014/ja.v9i2.4508

Jumadi, O., Liawati, dan Hartono. (2015). Produksi zat pengatur tumbuh IAA (indole acetic acid) dan kemampuan pelarutan fosfat pada isolat bakteri penambat nitrogen asal kabupaten takalar. Jurnal Bionature, 16(1): 43-48. https://doi.org/10.35580/bionature.v16i1.1568

Khalilpour M, Mozafari V, dan Abbaszadeh-Dahaji P (2021) Tolerance to salinity and drought stresses in pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) seedlings inoculated with indigenous stress-tolerant PGPR isolates. Scientia Horticulturae 289. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2021.110440

Kovacs K (2009) Applications of Mossbauer Spectroscopy in Plant Physiology. Disertasi. ELTE Chemistry Doctoral School, ELTE Institute of Chemistry, Budapest. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12013-018-0843-8

Ladha JK, Tirol-Padre A, Reddy CK, Cassman KG, Verma S, Powlson DS, van Kessel C, Richter DB, Chakraborty D, dan Pathak H (2016) Global nitrogen budgets in sereals: a 50-year assessment for maize, rice and wheat production systems. Science Report, 6: 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep19355

Napitupulu RJ (2018) Perhitungan koloni bakteri. http://www.pusdik.kkp.go.id/elearning/index.php/modul/read/181219014718 perhitungan-c-koloni-c-bakteri. Diakses pada tanggal 26 Maret 2022.

Ningrum WA, Wicaksono KP, dan Tyasmoro SY (2017) Pengaruh plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) dan pupuk kandang kelinci terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman jagung manis (Zea mays saccharata). Jurnal Produksi Tanaman 5(3): 433-440.

Nugraha GBA, Wandri R, dan Asmono D (2019) Solubilisasi fosfat anorganik oleh Burkholderia spp. pada rizosfer kelapa sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) di tanah mineral masam. Jurnal Lahan Suboptimal: Journal of Suboptimal Lands 8(1): 86–93. https://doi.org/10.33230/JLSO.8.1.2019.404

Nugroho GA (2020) Isolasi dan Perhitungan Koloni Populasi Bakteri dari Tanah (Part 2).

https://youtu.be/YuVdxZwx5jo. Diakses 2 April 2022.

Ollo L, Siahaan P, dan Kolondam B (2019) Uji penggunaan PGPR (plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria) terhadap pertumbuhan vegetatif tanaman cabai merah (Capsicum annuum L.). Jurnal MIPA Unsrat Online 8(3): 150-155. https://doi.org/10.35799/jmuo.8.3.2019.26172

Patil NB, Gajbhiye M, Ahiwale SS, Gunjal AB, Balasaheb P, dan Kapadnis BP (2011) Optimization of indole 3-acetic acid (IAA) production by Acetobacter diazotrophicus l1 isolated from sugarcane. International Journal Environmental Science 2(1): 295-302.

Pupuk Indonesia. (2020). Penyaluran pupuk bersubsidi tahun 2020. https://www.pupuk-indonesia.com/id/penyaluran. Diakses 2 Oktober 2021.

Ritika B dan Utpal D (2014) Biofertilizer, a way towards organic agriculture: a review. African Journal Microbiology Research 8: 2332–2343. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJMR2013.6374

Rohyani, Zul D, dan Fibrianti N (2014) Isolasi bakteri indigenous yang potensial sebagai agen biofertilizer asal tanah gambut di kawasan Zamrud dan Taman Nasional Tesso, Riau. JOM FMIPA: 1(2): 417-429.

Rosyida R dan Nugroho AS (2017) Pengaruh dosis pupuk npk majemuk dan PGPR (plant growth promoting rhizobacteria) terhadap bobot basah dan kadar klorofil daun tanaman pakcoy (Brassica rapa L.). Bioma Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi 6(2): 42-56. https://doi.org/10.26877/bioma.v6i2.1716

Sagay K, Siahaan P, dan Mambu, S (2020) Respon pertumbuhan vegetatif sawi hijau (Brassica rapa L. var. Tosakan) akibat pemberian PGPR (plant growth promoting rhizobacteria) yang dikombinasikan dengan pupuk kompos dan NPK. Jurnal Bios Logos 10(2): 79-85. https://doi.org/10.35799/jbl.11.2.2020.29017

Santoyo G, Guzmán-Guzmán P, Parra-Cota FI, de los Santos-Villalobod S, Orozco-Mosqueda DC dan Glick BR (2021) Plant growth stimulation by microbial consortia. Agronomy 11(219): 1-24. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11020219

Sudewi. (2020). PGPR (plant growth promotion rhizobacteria) asal padi lokal aromatik Sulawesi Tengah: karakterisasi dan potensinya untuk memacu pertumbuhan dan produktivitas padi. Disertasi. Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar.

Sudiana IM, Putra IGSA, dan Sudarta IW. (2016). Perilaku anggota subak dalam penggunaan pupuk organik pada budidaya tanaman padi sawah (kasus di Subak Dukuh, Desa Kapal, Kecamatan Mengwi, Kabupaten Badung). E-Jurnal Agribisnis dan Agrowisata 5(4): 658-668.

Suharmulyono R (2019) Eksplorasi plant promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) pada kawasan agroforestri di UB Forest. Tesis. Universitas Brawijaya, Malang.

Sulistiyani TR (2011) Keanekaragaman bakteri tanah dari Teluk Kodek Area, Pamenan Lombok Barat. Biosfera 28(3): 183-189. https://doi.org/10.20884/1.mib.2011.28.3.280

Supartha INY, Wijana G, dan Adnyana GM (2012) Aplikasi jenis pupuk organik pada tanaman padi sistem pertanian organik. E-Jurnal Agroekoteknologi Tropika (Journal of Tropical Agroecotechnology) 1(2): 98–106.

Sukmadewi DKT, Suharjono, dan Antonius S (2015) Uji potensi bakteri penghasil hormon IAA (indole acetic acid) dari tanah rizosfer cengkeh (Syzigium aromaticum L.). Jurnal Biotropika 3(2): 91-94. https://doi.org/10.18502/kls.v7i3.11113

Tangapo, A.M. (2020). Potensi bakteri endofit ubi jalar (Ipomoea batatas l.) dalam menghasilkan hormon indol acetic acid (IAA) dengan penambahan l-triptofan. Jurnal Bios Logos, 10(1), 21-26. https://doi.org/10.35799/jbl.10.1.2020.27980

Tarigan RS (2013) Seleksi bakteri penambat nitrogen dan penghasil hormon IAA (indole acetic acid) dari rizosfer tanah perkebunan kedelai (Glycine max L.). Saintia Biologi 1(2): 42-48.

Vionita Y, Rahayu YS, dan Lisdiana L 2015 Potensi isolat bakteri endofit dari akar tanaman ubi jalar (Ipomoea batatas) dalam penambatan fiksasi nitrogen. Lenterabio, 4(2), 124–130.

Walida H, Harahap FS, Hasibuan M, dan Yanti FF (2019) Isolasi dan identifikasi bakteri penghasil IAA dan pelarut fosfat dari rizosfer tanaman kelapa sawit. Biolink (Jurnal Biologi Lingkungan Industri Kesehatan). 6(1), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.31289/biolink.v6i1.2090

Walida H, Putri A, dan Juliani BP (2016) Daya kecambah benih sawi (Brassica juncea. L.) dan cabai rawit (Capsicum frutescens L.) dengan aplikasi pupuk hayati PGPR (plant growth promoting rhizobacteria). Jurnal Agroplasma (STIPER) Labuhan Batu 3(2): 1-6. https://doi.org/10.36987/agr.v3i2.148

Waluyo L (2010) Teknik Metode Dasar Mikrobiologi. UMM Press, Malang.

Wenjie W, Qin Y, Wu H, Zuo W, He H, Tan J, Wang Y, dan He D (2020) Isolation and characterization of phosphorus solubilizing bacteria with multiple phosphorus sources utilizing capability and their potential for lead immobilization in soil. Frontier Microbiology 11: 1-15. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.00752

Widawati S (2015) Isolasi dan aktivitas plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (Rhizobium, Azospirillum, Azotobacter, Pseudomonas) dari Tanah Perkebunan Karet, Lampung. Berita Biologi. 14(1): 77-88. https://doi.org/10.14203/beritabiologi.v14i1.1868

Wulandari N, Irfan M, dan Saragih R (2019) Isolasi dan karakterisasi plant growth promoting rhizobacteria dari rizosfer kebun karet rakyat. Jurnal Dinamika Pertanian 3: 57-64. https://doi.org/10.25299/dp.2019.vol35(3).4565

Zhang P, Jin T, Kumar Sahu S, Xu J, Shi Q, Liu H, dan Wang Y (2019) The distribution of tryptophan-dependent indole-3-acetic acid synthesis pathways in bacteria unraveled by large-scale genomic analysis. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) 24(7): 1-14. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24071411

Zhu F, Qu L, Hong X, dan Sun X (2011) Isolation and characterization of a phosphate solubilizing halophilic bacterium Kushneria sp. YCWA18 from Daqiao Saltern on the Coast of Yellow Sea of China. Evidence-Based Complementary Alternative Medicine 2011: 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/615032




DOI: https://doi.org/10.35799/jbl.v12i2.42131

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2022 Stephen Christiano Lengkong, Parluhutan Siahaan, Agustina Monalisa Tangapo

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Publisher:
Department of Biology
Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences
Universitas Sam Ratulangi. Manado, North Sulawesi


 

View My Stats