Induksi Mutasi Kromosom dengan Kolkisin Pada Bawang Putih (Allium sativum L.) Kultivar ‘Kesuna Bali’ (Induced Chromosome Mutation Using Colchicine in Garlic (Allium sativum Linn.) Cultivar ‘Kesuna Bali’)

Made Pharmawati, Ni Luh Ayu Jami Wistiani

Abstract


Abstrak

Tanaman bawang putih (Allium sativum L.) adalah tanaman holtikultura yang memiliki banyak manfaat terutama umbinya yang umumnya digunakan sebgai bumbu dan obat. Salah satu kultivar bawang putih yang ditanam di Bali adalah ‘Kesuna Bali’ yang hanya memiliki satu siung.  Salah satu cara untuk memperbaiki karakter tanaman adalah dengan cara induksi mutasi kromosom dengan kolkisin. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh perlakuan kolkisin terhadap indeks stomata dan jumlah kromosom dari tanaman ‘Kesuna Bali’. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan enam ulangan. Perlakuan kolkisin yang digunakan adalah 5%, 10% dan 20%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan kolkisin menurunkan indeks stomata dan meningkatkan jumlah kromosom. Kromosom triploid (2n=3x=24) dihasilkan pada perlakuan kolkisin 20%.

Kata kunci : Allium sativum L., ’Kesuna Bali”, kolkisin, mutasi, sitologi

Abstract

Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is a horticultural crop that has many benefits, especially as spice and traditional medicine.  One of garlic cultivars planted in Bali is ‘Kesuna Bali’ which only has one clove. To improve characters of ‘Kesuna Bali’, modification of ‘Kesuna Bali’ properties can be done by means of induced mutation using colchicine.  This research aims to analyse the effect of colchicine on stomata index and the number of chromosomes of 'Kesuna Bali'. This research used randomized block design with six replicates. In this experiment the concentration of colchicine used were 5%, 10% and 20%. The results of this study showed that colchicine treatment of 20% resulted in the lowest stomata index and there was an increase in chromosome number. Colchicine at concentration of 20% resulted in triploid chromosome set (2n = 3x = 24).

Keywords: Allium sativum L., ’Kesuna Bali”, cholchicine, mutation, cytology


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.35799/jbl.5.1.2015.9317

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Copyright (c) 2015 Made Pharmawati, Ni Luh Ayu Jami Wistiani

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Publisher:
Department of Biology
Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences
Universitas Sam Ratulangi. Manado, North Sulawesi


 

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