Deteksi dini dan interaksi anak gangguan pemusatan perhatian hiperaktivitas dengan orang tua dan saudara kandung pada 20 sekolah dasar Kota Manado

Dwi S. Sulemba, Theresia M. D. Kaunang, Anita E. Dundu

Abstract


Abstract: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a behavioral and neurocognitive disorder characterized by inappropriate of development and ages, hyperactivity, inability to focus attention, and impulsive behavior. According to American Psychiatric Association’s (APA) & Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), children with ADHD often experience difficulty in interaction with parents and siblings due to their significant emotional problem. This study aimed to obtain the number of children with ADHD at 20 elementary schools in Manado and their interactions with their parents and siblings. This was a descriptive study with a cross sectional design. The quantitative method using data of questionnaire from teachers and parents was followed by qualitative method using interviews with 2 parents and 2 siblings. Total respondents of 20 elementary schools in Manado were 5725 meanwhile children with ADHD were 611. In one school it was detected that of 180 children there were 63 ADHD children. Of the 611 respondents,16 children (19%) were 6 years old, 91 children (14.9%) were 7 years old, 99 children (16.2%) were 8 years old, 82 children (13.4%) were 9 years old, 107 children (17.5%) were 10 years old, 92 children (15.1%) were 11 years old, and 24 children (3.9%) were 12 years old. There were 385 males (63%) and 226 females (37%). Good interaction can improve children with ADHD.
Keywords: early detection, interaction, ADHD, parents, siblings.

Abstrak: Gangguan pemusatan perhatian hiperaktivitas (GPPH) merupakan suatu perilaku dan neurokognitif ditandai dengan tingkat perkembangan yang tidak sesuai dengan seusianya, hiperaktif, ketidakmampuan dalam memusatkan perhatian dan impulsif. Menurut American Psychiatric Association’s (APA) & Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), anak GPPH sering mengalami kesulitan dalam berinteraksi dengan orang tua dan saudara kandung akibat adanya masalah emosional yang signifikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jumlah anak GPPH pada 20 sekolah dasar di Manado serta cara interaksi anak GPPH dengan orang tua dan saudara kandung. Jenis penelitian ini deskriptif dengan pengambilan data secara potong lintang menggunakan kuesioner kepada guru dan orang tua, dilanjutkan dengan penelitian kualitatif melalui wawancara terhadap 2 orang tua dan 2 orang saudara kandung. Total responden dalam pengisian kuesioner mengenai anak GPPH sebanyak 5725 anak di 20 sekolah dasar di Manado dengan jumlah anak GPPH sebanyak 611 anak. Terdapat salah satu sekolah yang terdeteksi paling banyak anak GPPH sebanyak 63 anak dari 180 jumlah anak di sekolah tersebut. Dari 611 orang responden, 16 orang diantaranya berusia 6 tahun (19%), 91 orang (14,9%) berusia 7 tahun, 99 orang (16,2%) berusia 8 tahun, 82 orang (13,4%) berusia 9 tahun, 107 orang (17,5%) berusia 10 tahun, 92 orang (15,1%) berusia 11 tahun, dan ada 24 orang (3,9%) yang berusia 12 tahun, serta 385 orang diantaranya berjenis kelamin laki-laki (63%), dan 226 orang (37%) yang berjenis kelamin perempuan.
Anak laki-laki lebih banyak mengalami GPPH dibandingkan perempuan. Interaksi yang baik dapat memengaruhi perkembangan anak GPPH.
Kata kunci: deteksi dini, interaksi, GPPH, orang tua, saudara kandung.


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.35790/ecl.v4i2.12661

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