Hubungan Kejadian Plasenta Previa dengan Riwayat Kehamilan Sebelumnya

Abstract

Abstract: To date, the main cause of maternal mortality rate is bleeding. Placenta previa is one of the causes of bleeding in pregnant women. This study was aimed to obtain the relationship between the occurence of placenta previa and pregnancy history among patients at RS Bhayangkara Manado, RSU GMIM Pancaran Kasih Manado, Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital Manado. This was a descriptive and retrospective study with a cross sectional design. Subjects were pregnant women or women who laboured from January 2017 to December 2018 that had placenta previa. There were 72 cases as subjects, obtained by using non random sampling. The results showed that placenta previa were most common among subjects aged ≥35 tahun as many as 30 subjects (41.7%), multiparity as many as 39 subjects (54.2%), no history of sectio caesarea as many 39 subjects (54.2%), and no history of curetage as many as 66 subjects (91.7%). In conclusion, there were relationships between the occurence of placenta previa and age ≥35 years as well as multiparity, albeit, there were no relationships between the occurence of placenta previa and sectio caesaria as well as curetage history.

Keywords: placenta previa, age, parity, histories of sectio caesarea and curetage

Abstrak: Penyebab angka kematian ibu (AKI) yang utama ialah perdarahan. Plasenta previa merupakan salah satu penyebab perdarahan yang tersering terjadi pada ibu hamil. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan kejadian plasenta previa dengan riwayat kehamilan sebelumnya di RS Bhayangkara Manado, RSU GMIM Pancaran Kasih Manado dan RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado. Jenis penelitian ialah deskriptif retrospektif dengan desain potong lintang. Subyek penelitian ialah ibu hamil atau bersalin yang mengalami plasenta previa pada periode Januari 2017-Desember 2018 yang berjumlah 72 kasus, diperoleh dengan metode non random sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kejadian plasenta previa terbanyak pada usia ibu >35 tahun yaitu 30 orang (41,7%), paritas multipara yaitu 39 orang (54,2%), tidak ada riwayat seksio sesarea yaitu 39 orang (54,2%), dan tidak ada riwayat kuretase yaitu 66 orang (91,7%). Simpulan penelitian ini ialah terdapat hubungan kejadian plasenta previa dengan usia ibu dan multiparitas namun tidak terdapat hubungan dengan riwayat seksio sesarea dan riwayat kuretase.

Kata kunci: plasenta previa, umur ibu, paritas, riwayat seksio sesaria dan riwayat kuretase