Risk Factors of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Adults

Abstract

Abstract: The concern of NAFLD is its complications which can progress to cirrhosis and liver failure. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the risk factors for NAFLD which could facilitate any efforts to reduce its prevalence. This study aimed to determine the risk factors for NAFLD, especially in adulthood. This was a literature review study using three databases, namely Clinical Key, Pubmed, and ScienceDirect. The keywords used were Risk Factors of NAFLD in adult. The results obtained 13 articles to be reviewed. Many risk factors for NAFLD in adulthood inter alia: increased score HOMA-IR, PNPLA3 GG gene, presence of serum antibodies, villagers with a family history of metabolism disorder, serum selenium level ≥130 g/L, sleep duration of more than 8 hours, high pre-pregnancy maternal body mass index, various types of gene including PNPLA3, GKCR, TM6SF2, HSD17B13, MBOAT7, PPP1R3B, IRGM and LPIN1, consumption of sugar-rich drinks, increased SUA levels, obesity, pre-diabetes, and excessive food intake during lactation. In conclusion, there is a wide variety of risk factors for NAFLD in adults.

Keywords: non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; risk factors; adulthood

Abstrak: Hal yang dikhawatirkan dari NAFLD ialah bila terjadi komplikasi yang dapat berlanjut menjadi sirosis dan kegagalan fungsi hati. Pemahaman terhadap faktor-faktor risiko NAFLD akan memudahkan usaha menurunkan prevalensi penyakit tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui berbagai faktor risiko NAFLD, khususnya pada usia dewasa. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode literature review dengan pencarian data menggunakan tiga database yaitu ClinicalKey, Pubmed, dan ScienceDirect. Kata kunci yang digunakan ialah Risk Factors of NAFLD in adult. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan 13 artikel untuk di review setelah dilakukan penyesuaian berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Faktor-faktor risiko dari NAFLD pada usia dewasa, yaitu peningkatan skor  HOMA-IR, gen PNPLA3 GG, adanya serum antibodies, penduduk desa dengan riwayat keluarga gangguan metabolik, kadar serum selenium ≥130 μg/L, tidur dengan durasi lebih dari 8 jam, BMI ibu pra-kehamilan yang tinggi, berbagai macam gen seperti PNPLA3, GKCR, TM6SF2, HSD17B13, MBOAT7, PPP1R3B, IRGM dan LPIN1, mengonsumsi minuman kaya gula, peningkatan kadar SUA, obesitas, pre-diabetes dan pemberian asupan makanan yang berlebihan selama masa menyusui. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah terdapat berbagai faktor risiko NAFLD yang sangat bervariasi pada usia dewasa.

Kata kunci: non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD); faktor risiko; usia dewasa