Hubungan Faktor Risiko Karies Gigi dengan Status Karies Gigi pada Anak Usia Dini (Studi pada TK Pelita Takwa, Pondok Betung, Tangerang Selatan)

Abstract

Abstract: Basic health research of Indonesia in 2018 showed that early childhood caries affected 93% of children. Early dental caries risk assessment using a dental caries risk simulator could be used to determine the appropriate program to prevent dental caries. This study was aimed to analyze the relationship between risk factors and dental caries status in early childhood. This was an analytical study with a cross sectional design using total sampling method. There were 51 preschool children at Taman Kanak Kanak (kindergaten school) Pelita Takwa, Pondok Betung, South Tangerang as samples. Dental caries was assessed by using the def-t index and dental caries risks were assessed by using the Irene's donut program. Interactive interviews with parents were conducted to determine the risk factors for dental caries among the students. The results showed that the prevalence of dental caries was 84.3% and the mean def-t was 5.35. The chi-square test was carried out to determine the relationship between dental caries status and risk factors. The result was not significant for three questions related to the factors, as follows: the child's tooth surface had white spots, the acidity level of the child's teeth was below pH 6.5, and the mother's age was 36 years old. Albeit, twelve other risk factors were shown to be associated with dental caries status. In conclusion, the prevalence of dental caries in preschool children was still high. Risk factors related to the dental caries status among pre-school children can be used as educational materials targeting pre-school children and their parents.

Keywords: caries risk; dental caries; preschool children

Abstrak: Riset Kesehatan Dasar Indonesia tahun 2018 menunjukkan bahwa 93% anak usia dini mengalami karies gigi. Penilaian risiko karies gigi sejak dini menggunakan simulator risiko karies gigi dapat menjadi salah satu cara untuk menentukan program yang tepat dalam mencegah terjadinya karies gigi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan faktor risiko dengan status karies gigi pada anak usia dini. Jenis penelitian ialah analitik dengan desain potong lintang menggunakan metode total sampling. Sampel yang diperoleh sebanyak 51 anak usia dini di sekolah Taman Kanak-Kanak Pelita Takwa, Pondok Betung, Tangerang Selatan. Karies gigi dinilai menggunakan indeks def-t dan risiko karies subjek dinilai menggunakan program Irene’s donut. Wawancara interaktif dengan orang tua dilakukan untuk mengetahui faktor risiko terjadinya karies gigi pada pasien tersebut. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan prevalensi karies gigi sebesar 84,3% dengan rerata def-t 5,35. Uji chi-square terhadap hubungan status karies gigi dengan faktor risiko mendapatkan hasil tidak bermakna pada tiga pertanyaan terkait faktor permukaan gigi anak ada bercak putih, tingkat keasaman kuman gigi anak di bawah pH 6,5, dan usia ibu 36 tahun ke atas. Dua belas faktor risiko lainnya terbukti memiliki hubungan dengan status karies gigi.  Simpulan penelitian ini ialah prevalensi karies gigi pada anak prasekolah masih tinggi. Faktor-faktor risiko yang terbukti memiliki hubungan dengan status karies gigi anak dapat dijadikan materi edukasi dengan sasaran anak pra sekolah serta orang tuanya.

Kata kunci: risiko karies; karies gigi; anak usia pra sekolah