Relationship between Parental Health Behaviour and Oral Health Related Quality of Life among Preschoolers

Abstract

Abstract: Oral health related quality of life (OHRQoL) in children is affected by several factors inter alia characteristics of children and environmental factors including parental health behavior. This study aimed to assess the relationship between parental health behavior and OHRQoL among preschoolers. This was an observational study using cross sectional design. This study was conducted through interviews with 177 parents of preschoolers (5-6 years old) in Semarang using a questionnaire on parental behavior related to oral health that had been tested for validity and reliability and the Early Childhood Oral Impact Scale (ECOHIS) questionnaire. The Spearman correlation test analysis was used to assess the relationship between variables. The results showed that there were no significant differences in the relationship between knowledge and action aspects with all ECOHIS score domains. However, there was a significant relationship between aspects of parental attitudes and the subdomain of self-image and social interaction, in particular avoiding speaking (p<0.05). In conclusion, there is no significant difference in the relationship between parental behavior and OHRQoL among preschoolers. However, parental attitudes potentially affect self-image and social interaction of the preschoolers.

Keywords: OHRQoL; quality of life; ECOHIS; preschoolers

Abstrak: Kualitas hidup terkait kesehatan gigi dan mulut/oral health related quality of life (OHRQoL) pada anak-anak dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor, yaitu kondisi karakteristik anak dan faktor lingkungan, termasuk perilaku kesehatan orang tua. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan perilaku kesehatan orang tua dengan kualitas hidup terkait kesehatan gigi dan mulut anak-anak usia prasekolah di Semarang. Jenis penelitian ialah observasional analitik dengan desain potong lintang. Penelitian ini dilakukan melalui wawancara dengan 177 orang tua yang mempunyai anak usia prasekolah (5-6 tahun) di Semarang dengan menggunakan kuesioner perilaku orang tua terkait kesehatan gigi dan mulut yang telah diuji validitas dan reliabilitas, serta kuesioner Early Childhood Oral Impact Scale (ECOHIS). Analisis uji korelasi Spearman digunakan untuk menilai hubungan antar variabel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak didapatkan perbedaan bermakna pada hubungan aspek pengetahuan dan tindakan dengan semua domain skor ECOHIS. Namun, terdapat hubungan bermakna antara aspek sikap orang tua dengan subdomain citra diri dan interaksi sosial yaitu menghindari berbicara (p<0.05). Simpulan penelitian ini ialah tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna pada hubungan perilaku orang tua dengan kualitas hidup terkait gigi dan mulut pada anak. Namun, komponen sikap orang tua berhubungan dengan sub domain citra diri dan interaksi sosial.

Kata kunci: OHRQoL; kualitas hidup; ECOHIS; anak usia prasekolah