Efektivitas Asuhan Keperawatan Gigi Keluarga terhadap Kesehatan Gigi dan Status Karies Anak

Abstract

Abstract: Family dental health care is a series of activities provided by dental practitioners to help solving dental health problems. This study was aimed to assess family dental care effectiveness on changes in dental and oral health as well as caries index of children. This was a quasi-experimental study. There were 23 respondents of SDN 12 as the intervention group and 23 respondents of SDN 60 Banda Aceh as the control group, together with their parents. The intervention group was given dental health education and home visit while the control group was not. The results showed no significant difference in knowledge, attitudes, and actions of the children and parents as well as children's dental hygiene status (OHIS) and children's dental caries status (DMF-T) between groups before intervention. After the family dental nursing care was carried out, there were significant differences in knowledge, attitudes, and actions of the children and parents as well as OHIS and DMF-T at three months after the intervention. In conclusion, the knowledge, attitudes, actions of the children and parents as well as the OHIS and DFM-T status were improved after the family dental health care.

Keywords: children; DMF-T, family dental health care, OHIS, parent

Abstrak: Rangkaian kegiatan asuhan keperawatan gigi keluarga ditujukan untuk membantu menyelesaikan permasalahan kesehatan gigi di dalam keluarga. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk untuk menilai efektivitas asuhan keperawatan gigi keluarga terhadap perilaku, status kesehatan gigi anak dan indeks karies. Jenis penelitian ialah eksperimental semu. Sampel penelitian terdiri dari masing-masing 23 murid kelas lima SDN 12 (kelompok intervensi) dan SDN 60 Banda Aceh (kelompok kontrol), beserta orang tuanya. Kelompok intervensi diberikan asuhan kepera-watan gigi dan kunjungan rumah sedangkan kelompok kontrol tidak diberikan tindakan. Hasil awal atau pra tindakan penelitian menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbedaan rerata nilai pengetahuan, sikap, tindakan anak dan orang tuanya serta status kebersihan gigi anak (status OHIS anak) dan status karies gigi anak (status DMF-T anak) yang bermakna secara statistik baik terhadap kelompok intervensi maupun kontrol. Setelah dilakukan asuhan keperawatan gigi keluarga, terdapat perbedaan rerata nilai pengetahuan, sikap, tindakan anak dan orang tuanya serta status kebersihan gigi anak (status OHIS Anak) dan status karies gigi anak (status DMF-T Anak) sesaat setelah intervensi dan tiga bulan setelah intervensi yang bermakna secara statistik. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah terdapat perubahan pengetahuan, sikap, tindakan anak dan orang tuanya serta status OHIS dan status DFM-T anak yang menjadi lebih baik dengan adanya asuhan keperawatan gigi keluarga.

Kata kunci: anak; asuhan keperawatan gigi keluarga; DMF-T; OHIS; orang tua