Analysis of metal pollution index in waters in the central Java area, Indonesia

Sapta Suhardono; Iva Yenis Septiariva; Mega Mutiara Sari; I Wayan Koko Suryawan

doi:10.35800/jasm.v10i2.40974

Analysis of metal pollution index in waters in the central Java area, Indonesia

Sapta Suhardono, Iva Yenis Septiariva, Mega Mutiara Sari, I Wayan Koko Suryawan

Abstract

Central Java is one of the regions in Indonesia with a lot of water resources that must be appropriately managed. In addition, metal content in water bodies in Central Java must now be assessed to prevent health impacts that may be measurable. One of the methods to analyze the management of water bodies is the water quality index method. This study aimed to examine the water quality index due to metal contamination in water bodies in Central Java. Metal measurements were carried out using the AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry) method. The value of the water quality index using the water quality index method for waters in Central Java in 2015-2018 was categorized to mild to moderately polluted, and only 2 locations were measured as heavily polluted. Two areas that are included in the heavily polluted category were the waters of Bulakan and Bojonegoro in 2016. To determine the cause of why the water quality index value being classified as moderately polluted and lightly polluted, we must look at the metal parameters that contribute the most to the index value. These parameters can be initial information on the pollutant source that causes pollution.

Keywords

metal pollution; water quality; water quality index; pollution index; central java

Full Text:

PDF

References

ABBASNIA, A., YOUSEFI, N., MAHVI, A.H., NABIZADEH, R., RADFARD, M., YOUSEFI, M. and ALIMOHAMMADI, M. (2019) Evaluation of groundwater quality using water quality index and its suitability for assessing water for drinking and irrigation purposes: Case study of Sistan and Baluchistan province (Iran). Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 25(4), pp. 988-1005. https://doi.org/10.1080/10807039.2018.1458596.

AKHTAR, N., SYAKIR ISHAK, M.I., BHAWANI, S.A. and UMAR, K. (2021) Various Natural and Anthropogenic Factors Responsible for Water Quality Degradation: A Review. In Water, 13(19). https://doi.org/10.3390/w13192660.

APRITAMA, M.R., KOKO SURYAWAN, I.W., AFIFAH, A.S. and SEPTIARIVA, I.Y. (2020) Phytoremediation of effluent textile wwtp for nh3-n and cu reduction using pistia stratiotes. Plant Archives, 20, pp. 2384-2388.

ATHIKESAVAN, S., VINCENT, S., AMBROSE, T. and VELMURUGAN, B. (2006) Nickel induced histopathological changes in the different tissues of freshwater fish, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (Valenciennes). Journal of Environmental Biology, 27(2 SUPPL.), pp. 391-395.

AZIZI, G., AKODAD, M., BAGHOUR, M., LAYACHI, M. and MOUMEN, A. (2018) The use of Mytilus spp. mussels as bioindicators of heavy metal pollution in the coastal environment. A review. Journal of Materials and Environmental Sciences, 2508(4), pp. 1170-1181.

BASHIR, I., LONE, F.A., BHAT, R.A., MIR, S.A., DAR, Z. A. and DAR, S. A. (2020) Concerns and Threats of Contamination on Aquatic Ecosystems BT - Bioremediation and Biotechnology: Sustain-able Approaches to Pollution Degradation (In: K. R. Hakeem, R. A. Bhat, and H. Qadri (eds.); pp. 1-26). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-35691-01.

BELINAWATI, R.A.P., SOESILO, T.E.B., ASTERIA, D. and HARMAIN, R. (2018) Sustainability: Citarum River, government role on the face of SDGs (water and sanitation). E3S Web Conf., 52. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/ 20185200038.

BRENNECKE, D., DUARTE, B., PAIVA, F., CAÇADOR, I. and CANNING-CLODE, J. (2016) Microplastics as vector for heavy metal contamination from the marine environment. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 178, pp. 189-195. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2015.12.003.

HÄDER, D.-P., BANASZAK, A.T., VILLAFAÑE, V.E., NARVARTE, M.A., GONZÁLEZ, R.A. and HELBLING, E.W. (2020) Anthropogenic pollution of aquatic ecosystems: Emerging problems with global implications. Science of The Total Environment, 713, 136586. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136586.

HE, X. and LI, P. (2020) Surface Water Pollution in the Middle Chinese Loess Plateau with Special Focus on Hexavalent Chromium (Cr6+): Occurrence, Sources and Health Risks. Exposure and Health, 12(3), pp. 385-401. https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s12403-020-00344-x.

HELMY, Q., SURYAWAN, I.W.K. and NOTODARMOJO, S. (2022) Ozone-Based Processes in Dye Removal BT - Advanced Oxidation Processes in Dye-Containing Wastewater. Vol. 1 (In: S. S. Muthu and A. Khadir (eds.); pp. 91-128). Springer Nature Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-0987-06.

ISMIYATI, M., SETYOWATI, R.D.N. and NENGSE, S. (2021) Pembuatan bioadsorben dari sabut kelapa dan tempurung kelapa untuk menurunkan kadar besi (Fe). Jukung (Jurnal Teknik Lingkungan), 7(1), pp. 33-45. https://doi.org/10.20527/jukung.v7i1.10811.

LECH, T. (2002) Lead, copper, zinc, and magnesium content in hair of children and young people with some neurological diseases. Biological Trace Element Research, 85(2), pp. 111-126. https:// doi.org/10.1385/BTER:85:2:111.

LI, Q., LU, H., CUI, J., AN, M. and LI, D.Y. (2017) Improve the performance of Cr-free passivation film through nanoelectrodeposition for replacement of toxic Cr6+ passivation in electrogalvanizing process. Surface and Coatings Technology, 324, pp. 146-152. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2017.05.081.

MULIA, R.P. and NURFAJRIANI, D. (2017) Pembuatan Adsorben Dari Kitosan Cangkang Belangkas (Tachypleus gigas) Dan Gelatin Untuk Menurunkan Kadar Logam Timbal (Pb). Jurnal Pendidikan Kimia, 9(1), pp. 282-285. https://doi.org/10.24114/jpkim.v9i1.6203.

NAYAK, S., KALE, P. and P.B. (2020) Inhibition assays of horseradish peroxidase by hexavalent chromium and other heavy metals. International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, pp. 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1080/03067319.2020. 1776864.

PEMERINTAH REPUBLIK INDONESIA (2001) Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia nomor 82 tahun 2001 tentang Pengelolaan Kualitas Air dan Pengendalian Pencemaran Air. Pemerintah Republik Indonesia.

SARAVANAN, A., SENTHIL KUMAR, P., JEEVANANTHAM, S., KARISHMA, S., TAJSABREEN, B., YAASHIKAA, P.R. and RESHMA, B. (2021) Effective water/wastewater treatment methodologies for toxic pollutants removal: Processes and applications towards sustainable development. Chemosphere, 280, 130595. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130595.

SARWONO, A., WIDIANTARA, M.D., ZAHRA, N.L., FLORESYONA, D., SURYAWAN, I.W. K., SIAGIAN, F.M.H. and SEPTIARIVA, I.Y. (2022) Utilization of Black Liquor as Urease Inhibitor for Ammonia Reduction. Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology, 23(2), pp. 213-218. https://doi.org/10.12912/ 27197050/146383.

SEPTIARIVA, I.Y. and SURYAWAN, I.W.K. (2021) Development of water quality index (WQI) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) for assessment around suwung landfill, Bali Island. Journal of Sustainability Science and Management, 16(4), pp. 137-148.

SUPRIYANTINI, E. and ENDRAWATI, H. (2015) Kandungan Logam Berat Besi (Fe) Pada Air, Sedimen, Dan Kerang Hijau (Perna viridis) Di Perairan Tanjung Emas Semarang. Jurnal Kelautan Tropis, 18(1). https://ejournal2.undip. ac.id/index.php/jkt/article/view/512.

SURIADIKUSUMAH, A., MULYANI, O., SUDIRJA, R., SOFYAN, E.T., MAULANA, M.H.R. and MULYONO, A. (2021) Analysis of the water quality at Cipeusing river, Indonesia using the pollution index method. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 41(3), pp. 177-182. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.chnaes.2020.08.001.

SURYAWAN, I., SEPTIARIVA, I.Y., HELMY, Q., NOTODARMOJO, S., WULANDARI, M., SARI, N.K., SARWONO, A. and JUN-WEI, L. (2021) Comparison of Ozone Pre-Treatment and Post-Treatment Hybrid with Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor in Removal of Remazol Black 5. International Journal of Technology, 12(4), pp. 728-738. https://doi.org/10.14716/ijtech.v12i4. 4206.

SUSANTI, R., WIDIYASTUTI, K., YUNIASTUTI, A. and FIBRIANA, F. (2020) Feed and Water Management May Influence the Heavy Metal Contamination in Domestic Ducks from Central Java, Indonesia. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 231(4), pp. 177. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-020-04559-1.

TJAHJONO, A., BAMBANG, A.N. and ANGGORO, S. (2017) Analysis of heavy metal content of Pb in ballast water tank of commercial vessels in port of Tanjung Emas Semarang, Central Java province. AIP Conference Proceedings, 1818(1), 20061. https://doi.org/10. 1063/1.4976925.

VARDHAN, K.H., KUMAR, P.S. and PANDA, R. C. (2019) A review on heavy metal pollution, toxicity and remedial measures: Current trends and future perspectives. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 290, 111197. https://doi.org/10. 1016/j.molliq.2019.111197.

WANG, L., LI, P., DUAN, R. and HE, X. (2021) Occurrence, Controlling Factors and Health Risks of Cr6+ in Groundwater in the Guanzhong Basin of China. Exposure and Health. https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s12403-021-00410-y.

YAN, X., LIU, M., ZHONG, J., GUO, J. and WU, W. (2018) How Human Activities Affect Heavy Metal Contamination of Soil and Sediment in a Long-Term Reclaimed Area of the Liaohe River Delta, North China. In: Sustainability, Vol. 10, Issue 2. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10020338.

ZEWAIL, T.M. and YOUSEF, N.S. (2014) Chromium ions (Cr6+ & Cr3+) removal from synthetic wastewater by electrocoagulation using vertical expanded Fe anode. Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 735, pp. 123-128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2014.09.002.

ZHANG, C., YU, Z., ZENG, G., JIANG, M., YANG, Z., CUI, F., ZHU, M., SHEN, L. and HU, L. (2014) Effects of sediment geochemical properties on heavy metal bioavailability. Environment International, 73, pp. 270-281. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2014.08.010.

ZHANG, Z., XIAO, C., ADEYEYE, O., YANG, W. and LIANG, X. (2020) Source and Mobilization Mechanism of Iron, Manganese and Arsenic in Groundwater of Shuangliao City, Northeast China. In: Water, Vol. 12, Issue 2. https://doi.org/ 10.3390/w12020534.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.35800/jasm.v10i2.40974