FONEM SEGMENTAL DALAM BAHASA INGGRIS DAN BAHASA TOMBULU (SUATU ANALISIS KONTRASTIF)

Abstract

      FONEM SEGMENTAL DALAM BAHASA INGGRIS DAN BAHASA TOMBULU                                              (SUATU ANALISIS KONTRASTIF)

                                            Velisiane Fransiska Porayow¹

                                                   Donald R. Lotulung²

                                                  Theresia M. C. Lasut³

                                                           ABSTRACT

     The title of this research is “Fonem Segmental dalam Bahasa Inggris dan Bahasa Tombulu (Suatu Analisis Kontrastif)". This study is an attempt to identify, classify, describe and analyze segmental phonemes in English and Tombulu Language. The English data were collected using Swadesh data and it written in phonetic transcription, whereas Tombulu Language were collected from informants of Tombulu Language in Woloan Village. This research used descriptive method and theories from Fromkin, Roach and Fasold to identify and classify the data then James’s theory to contrast the two languages to find the differences of both languages. The result of this study shows that segmental phonemes in English and Tombulu Language consist of two categories, there are consonants and vocals. In English, there are 24 consonants; p, b, m, f, v, θ, ð, t, s, d, z, n, l, r, tʃ, ʃ, dʒ, ʒ, j, k, g, ŋ, w, h, and 12 vocals; i:, ɪ, e, ɜ, æ, ɑ, u:, ɔ:, ʊ, ᴧ, ɒ, ә. Consonants p, b, m, f, v, θ, ð, t, s, d, z, n, l, r, tʃ, ʃ, dʒ, k, g and vocals i:, ɪ, ɑ:, ɔ: are complete distribution, meanwhile consonants h, w, j, ŋ ,ʒ and vocals e, ɜ:, æ, ᴧ, ә, u:, ɒ are incomplete distribution. Phonotactic system in English contains of 24 phonotactics; VC, CV, CVC, CCV, VVC, VCC, CCVC, CVCC, CCVV, VVCC, CVVCC, CCVCC, CCCVC, CCCVVC, VCVC, CVCV, CVCVC, CVCVV, CVVVC, CVCVCC, CVCCVCC, VCVCC and CVCCVCVVC. In Tombulu, there are 17 consonants; p, b, t, d, k, g, ?, m, n, z, ɫ, r, l, s, ʃ, ŋ, w, and 6 vocals; i, a, e, ә, u, o. Consonants p, t, k, z, m, n, ŋ, ɫ, r, l, s, w and vocals a, i, e, u are complete distribution, meanwhile consonants ʃ, d, b, g, ? and vocals ә, o are incomplete distribution. Phonotactic system in Tombulu Language contains of 18 phonotactics; CV, CVV, VCV, VCVC, VCCV, CVCV, CVVC, VCCVC, CVCVC, CVCCV, CVCCVC, VCVCV, VCCVCV, CVCVCV, CVCVCVC, CVCVCCVC, CVCCVCVC and CVCVCVCCV. English and Tombulu Language have some differences in segmental phonemes. The differences can be seen from the number of phonemes. In English, there are 24 consonants and 12 vowels, whereas in Tombulu Language, there are 17 consonants and 6 vocals. In English, there are no consonants ?, ɫ and vocals a, o, meanwhile in Tombulu Language there are no consonants f, v, θ, ð, tʃ, ʒ, dʒ, j, w, h and vocals ɪ, ɜ:, æ, ɒ, ɑ, ɔ, ᴧ ʊ. The differences in distribution are found in consonants ŋ, w, g, b, d, ʃ, dan vocals e, u. In English, there are 24 phonotactics, whereas in Tombulu Language there are only 18 phonotactics.

Keywords: Segmental Phonemes, English, Tombulu Language, Contrastive Analysis

¹Mahasiswa yang bersangkutan

²Dosen Pembimbing Materi

³Dosen Pembimbing Teknis