PENGARUH LATIHAN MENGGUNAKAN INCENTIVE SPIROMETRY TERHADAP PENINGKATAN KEKUATAN OTOT INSPIRASI PASIEN STROKE SUBAKUT

Abstract

Abstract: Stroke is a neurological deficit associated with acute focal injury to the central nervous system (CNS) by vascular causes, including cerebral infarction, intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), and is a major cause of disability and death worldwide. . Stroke induces important changes in the respiratory system due to disorders of the respiratory muscles and postural disorders that can be related to central nervous system lesions. Objective: To determine the effect of exercise with incentive spirometry in subacute stroke patients. Method: The research conducted was an experimental study with pretest - posttest group design. Subjects with a diagnosis of Subacute Stroke that met the inclusion criteria and were willing to be a subject of research numbered 24 people. Each subject was examined vital signs, oxygen saturation, weight and height measurements then a general physical examination and Maximum Inspiratory Pressure (MIP) were carried out using a Respiratory Pressure Meter. All research subjects will receive treatment in the form of exercise using Incentive spirometry 5 times a day, carried out routinely every day for 4 weeks. The subjects who completed the training until the end were 21 subjects. Most of the subjects were male as many as 15 people (71.4%), the average value of BMI of the study subjects was 24.30 kg / m2 while the rest were women as many as 6 people (28.6%). The mean age of the subjects of this study was 58.38 years. Twenty-one subjects experienced an increase in the average MIP score of 52.62 (before practice) to 70.00 (after practice). Statistically, it can be proven that the increase in MIP value is significant with the Shapiro-Wilk test. Statistical assessment for MIP found very significant differences in median MIP values before and after therapy (p <0.001). Conclusion: Exercise using Incentive Spirometry is effective to increase inspiratory muscle strength by using Incentive Spirometry 5 times a day, routinely done every day for 4 weeks.

Keywords: Incentive Spirometry, Maximum Inspiratory Pressure (MIP), Subacute Stroke.

Abstrak: Stroke  merupakan defisit neurologis yang dikaitkan dengan cedera fokal akut pada sistem saraf pusat (SSP) oleh penyebab vaskular, termasuk infark serebral, perdarahan intraserebral (ICH), dan perdarahan subarakhnoid (SAH), dan merupakan penyebab utama disabilitas dan kematian di seluruh dunia. Stroke menginduksi perubahan penting pada sistem pernapasan akibat gangguan pada otot pernapasan dan gangguan postural yang dapat berhubungan dengan lesi sistem saraf pusat. Tujuan: Mengetahui pengaruh latihan dengan Incentive spirometry pada pasien stroke subakut. Metode: Penelitian yang dilakukan merupakan penelitian eksperimental dengan pretest – posttest group design. Subjek dengan diagnosa Stroke Subakut yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan bersedia menjadi subjek penelitian berjumlah 24 orang. Setiap subjek diperiksa tanda vital, saturasi oksigen, pengukuran berat badan dan tinggi badan kemudian dilakukan pemeriksaan fisik umum serta Maximum Inspiratory Pressure (MIP) dengan menggunakan alat Respiratory Pressure Meter. Semua subjek penelitian akan mendapat perlakuan berupa latihan dengan menggunakan Incentive spirometry sebanyak 5 kali dalam satu hari, dilakukan rutin setiap hari selama 4 minggu. Subjek yang menyelesaikan latihan hingga akhir adalah 21 subjek. Sebagian besar subyek adalah laki-laki sebanyak 15 orang (71,4%) , nilai rata-rata IMT subyek penelitian sebesar 24,30 kg/m²sisanya adalah perempuan sebanyak 6 orang (28,6%). Usia rata-rata subjek penelitian ini yaitu 58,38 tahun. Dua puluh satu subjek mengalami peningkatan dari nilai rata-rata MIP 52,62 (sebelum latihan) menjadi 70,00 (sesudah latihan). Secara statistik, dapat dibuktikan peningkatan nilai MIP adalah signifikan dengan uji Uji Shapiro-Wilk. Penilaian statistik untuk MIP didapatkan perbedaan sangat bermakna nilai median MIP sebelum dan sesudah terapi (p < 0,001). Kesimpulan: Latihan dengan menggunakan Incentive spirometry efektif untuk meningkatkan kekuatan otot inspirasi dengan menggunakan Incentive spirometry sebanyak 5 kali dalam satu hari, dilakukan rutin setiap hari selama 4 minggu.

Kata kunci: Incentive Spirometry, Maximum Inspiratory Pressure (MIP), Stroke Subakut.