REHABILITASI MEDIK PADA FIBROMIALGIA
Abstract
Pada zaman modern ini, nyeri tetap menjadi masalah yang menantang bagi dokter dan pasien. Fibromialgia merupakan salah satu sindroma nyeri yang sangat mengganggu dan menurunkan kualitas hidup pasien. Fibromialgia menyebabkan nyeri, kekakuan dan nyeri tekan pada otot, tendon dan sendi. Namun, nyeri ini tidak disertai dengan inflamasi jaringan sehingga tidak menimbulkan deformitas. Walaupun fibromialgia mengenai sistem muskuloskeletal, pasien – pasien juga banyak melaporkan adanya gejala neuropsikologik seperti kelelahan, gangguan tidur, difsungsi kognitif, kecemasan dan depresi. 1,2 Diagnosis fibromialgia dapat mencapai 10 – 20% dari total seluruh penyakit yang ditangani di sebuah klinik reumatologi. Prevalensi fibromialgia, berdasarkan survei berbasis populasi di seluruh dunia, berkisar antara 2 – 5% dengan rasio wanita terhadap pria adalah 3:1. Prevalensi pada survei ini lebih rendah jika dibandingkan dengan prevalensi fibromialgia di Amerika Serikat yang mencapai 6 – 15% dan insidennya pada wanita lima kali lebih besar dibandingkan pria. 1,2Meskipun fibromialgia bukanlah penyakit yang mengancam nyawa namun gejala yang ditimbulkan sangat mengganggu aktivitas fisik dan fungsi sosial pasien. Penanganan dengan pendekatan multidisipliner yang tepat dapat membantu pasien mencapai suatu kondisi fisik, mental dan sosial yang optimal sehingga mereka dapat kembali menjalani hidup yang aktif di masyarakat. 3,4
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