HUBUNGAN ANTARA STATUS SOSIAL EKONOMI DENGAN STATUS GIZI BALITA USIA 24-59 BULAN DI DESA TATELI III KECAMATAN MANDOLANG KABUPATEN MINAHASA

Abstract

Status sosial ekonomi (pekerjaan, pendidikan dan pendapatan keluarga) berperan penting dalam mempengaruhi status gizi suatu keluarga. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara status sosial ekonomi (pendidikan orang tua, pekerjaan ibu, pendapatan keluarga) dengan status gizi balita berdasarkan indeks IMT/Usia 24-59 bulan yang ada di Desa Tateli III Kecamatan Mandolang Kabupaten Minahasa. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi yang diambil yaitu  balita usia 24-59 bulan. Sampel pada penelitian ini adalah jumlah populasi balita 24-59 bulan di Desa Tateli III yang berjumlah 75 orang pada bulan Juli. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Juni sampai Agustus 2019. Status gizi berdasarkan (BB/U) terdapat gizi kurang sebanyak 12% dan gizi baik sebanyak 88%. Indeks status gizi (TB/U) status gizi pendek sebanyak 17,3% dan normal sebanyak 82,7%. Indeks status gizi (BB/TB) dan (IMT/U) terdapat status gizi kurus sebanyak 17,3%, normal sebanyak 74,7% dan gemuk sebanyak 8,0%. Karakteristik sosial ekonomi, pendidikan ayah dan ibu yang mendominasi adalah tamat SMA dan termasuk dalam kategori tingkat pendidikan tinggi. sebanyak 81,3% ibu bekerja di dalam rumah sebagai ibu rumah tangga. Rata-rata pendapatan keluarga di Desa Tateli III adalah Rp.750.00,-bulan. Berdasarkan hasil uji Fisher Exact di dapatkan pendidikan ibu (IMT/U)nilai p = 1,000. Pendidikan ayah (IMT/U) nilai p = 1,000. Pekerjaan ibu (IMT/U) nilai p = 1000. Berdasarkan uji Korelasi Spearman di dapatkan pendapatan keluarga (IMT/U) nilai p = 0,929. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini yaitu tidak terdapat hubungan antara pendidikan orang tua, pekerjaan ibu dan pendapatan keluarga dengan status gizi balita (IMT/U). Di sarankan bagi orang tua yang mempunyai anak dengan status gizi normal untuk menjaga status gizi anak dan untuk orang tua dengan balita yang berstatus gizi gemuk dan kurus agar dapat lebih diperhatikan yaitu dari segi pemberian makanan kepada balita.

Kata Kunci: Sosial Ekonomi dan Status Gizi

ABSTRACT

Socioeconomic status (employment, education and family income) have an important role in influencing the nutritional status of a family. The purpose of this research was to determine the relationship between socioeconomic status (parental education, mother's occupation, family income) and  nutritional status of children under the age of 24-59 months BMI/Age index in Tateli III Village, Mandolang District, Minahasa Regency. This research uses a cross sectional approach. The sample in this research is the population of toddlers 24-59 months in the village of Tateli III, amounting to 75 people in July. This research was conducted in June to August 2019. Based on nutritional status (Body Weight/Age) there are malnutrition as much as 12% and good nutrition as much as 88%. Nutritional status index (Body Height/Age) short nutritional status as much as 17.3% and normal as much as 82.7%. Nutritional status index (Body Weight/Body Height) and (BMI/Age) contained thin nutritional status of as much 17.3%, normal as much 74.7% and fat as much 8.0%. The socioeconomic characteristics, the dominating education of fathers and mothers are high school graduates and included in the category of higher education level as much 81.3% of mothers work in the house as housewives. The average family income in Tateli III Village is Rp.750.00, -months. Based on the Fisher Exact test results obtained mother's education (BMI/Age) p = 1,000. Father's education (BMI/Age) p = 1,000. Maternal occupation (BMI/Age) p value = 1000. Based on the Spearman Correlation test,  family income (BMI/Age) p value = 0.929. The conclusion of this research is that there is no relationship between parental education, mother's occupation and family income with nutritional status of children (BMI/Age). So it is recommended for parents who have children with normal nutritional status to maintain the nutritional status of children and for parents with toddlers who are fat and thin nutritional status so that it can be more concerned, namely in terms offeeding totoddlers.

Keywords : Socioeconomic and Nutritional status