HUBUNGAN ANTARA MASA KERJA DAN BEBAN KERJA FISIK DENGAN KELUHAN MUSKULOSKELETAL PADA PEDAGANG ASONGAN DI KOTA MANADO

Abstract

Musculoskeletal disorder (MSDs) atau gangguan otot rangka adalah gangguan yang dialami karena kerusakan pada otot, saraf, tendon, ligament, persendian, kartilago, dan diskus invertebralis. Gangguan dapat berupa kerusakan pada otot yang dapat berupa ketegangan otot, inflamasi, dan degenerasi. Menurut International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD) bahwa distribusi pasien di rumah sakit di indonesia pada tahun 2008 mencatat ada 26.897 kasus penyakit muskuloskeletal yang menjalani rawat inap dengan presentase berdasarkan jenis kelamin yaitu pada laki-laki ada 13.425 kasus sedangkan perempuan ada 13.472 kasus. Pedagang asongan adalah pekerjaan yang menjual barang dagangannya dengan cara menawarkan langsung pada calon pembeli. Tujuan Penelitian untuk mengetahui hubungan antara masa kerja beban kerja fisik dengan keluhan muskuloskeletal pada pedagang asongan di Kota Manado. Penelitian yang dilakukan oleh peneliti adalah penelitian kuantitatif yang menggunakan metode observasional analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional study. Varialbel dependen (keluhan Muskuloskeletal pada pedagang asongan) dengan varialbel independen (masa kerja dan beban kerja fisik) diuji secara bersamaan. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode Accidental Sampling yang dimana seluruh populasi cocok dengan kriteria inklusidan eksklusi. Maka didapatkan jumlah responden sebanyak 40 pedagang asongan. Analisis bivariat menggunakan uji korelasi spearman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat hubungan antara masa kerja dengan keluhan musculoskeletal (p = 0,000) serta terdapat juga  hubungan antara beban kerja fisik dengan keluhan musculoskeletal (p = 0,016).

Kata kunci : Masa kerja, Beban kerja fisik, Keluhan Muskuloskeletal

ABSTRACT

Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) or skeletal muscle disorders are disorders that are experienced due to damage to muscles, nerves, tendons, ligaments, joints, cartilages, and invertebral discs. Disorders can be in the form of damage to the muscles which can be in the form of muscle tension, inflammation, and degeneration. According to the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD) that the distribution of patients in hospitals in Indonesia in 2008 recorded that there were 26,897 cases of musculoskeletal disease undergoing hospitalization with a percentage based on gender, namely in males there were 13,425 cases while females had 13,472 cases. Asongan are jobs that sell merchandise by offering directly to prospective buyers. The purpose of this research is to find out the relationship between the physical workload and working period with musculoskeletal complaint of asongan merchants in Manado City. Research conducted by researchers is a quantitative study using analytic observational methods with a cross sectional study approach. Dependent variables (Musculoskeletal complaints with hawkers) with independent variables (years of service and physical workload) are tested simultaneously. Sampling uses the Accidental Sampling method in which the entire population matches the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Then obtained the number of respondents as many as 40 asongan merchants. Bivariate analysis using the Spearman correlation test. The results showed that there is a relationship between the working period and the musculoskeletal complaint (P = 0.000) and there is also a relationship between physical workloads and musculoskeletal complaints (P = 0.016)

Keywords: Working period, Physical workloads, Musculoskeletal disorders