Cumulatif valuation of physic-chemical water quality from Tondano Lake, North Sulawesi

Abstract

The research of  cumulative valuation  of physico-chemical  from Tondano Lake was conducted  in to  dry season on 2015.  The purpose  of the study was to  analysis of water quality of the Lake  such as Total Suspeded Solid (TSS), Total Disolved Solid (TDS), and Conductivity (DHL), as physical  parameters, and also chemical parameters such as  pH, Ca, Mg, K, SO₄, Nitrogen Total, NH₃, NO₃, Phosfat Total, PO₄, and Fe.  These were done by taking water sample on 24 location.

The data were analysed by multivariate analysis with soft ware statistic R versi 3.3.2, and  Water quality analysis  based on  water quality criteria for  water environment, and Decree of Government Republic Indonesian No.82 /2001 about water quality management and water pollution control.

Result revealed that  average and deviation standart  of phyco-chemical  parameters    are   TDS (mg/l)  192.0471 ± 94.1827, TSS (mg/l)  13.33 ± 4.8154 , DHL ( µmhos/cm)  317.833 ± 161.984, pH (6.8875  ± 0.2291), Ca (mg/l) 16.6667  ± 7.2284, Mg (mg/l) 14.7714  ± 0.3860, K (mg/l) 2.330  ± 0.4467, SO₄ (mg/l) 5.685  ± 5.3366, Total Nitrogen (mg/l) 2.993  ± 5.3364, NH₃ (mg/l) 0.2348  ± 0.8543, NO₃ (mg/l) 5.3567  ± 7.0824, Total Phosfat (mg/l) 0.3333  ± 0.4821, PO₄ (mg/l) 0.1130  ± 0.3315, F^e (mg/l) 0.11  ± 0.1901

Principle Componen Analysis (PCA)  with  Eigen value (cumulative  % of variance)  62.68 %  explaining  10  parameter of physical chemistry water and 10 research location  as  reduction data from initial data.  Cluster analysis with  reduction data formed (1) The research location between Eris village and eceng gondok area, and fish Pond Eris village, the dominant variable were TDS, DHL, Nitrogen Total, and NH₃.  (2) The research location in fish Pond Toulimembet  village, in front of  eceng gondok Urongo village, in front of eceng gondok Paleloan village, and in front of eceng gondok Roong village, the dominant variable were SO_4, pH, and Mg,  (3) The research location between Kakas villages and eceng gondok area , Kaweng village and eceng gondok area, Kaweng village and eceng gondok area, Toulimembet village and eceng gondok area, and also fish Pond Kaima village,  the dominant variable were TSS, Ca, dan K.

Tondano Lake has level of productivity from medium to high, and it is good for fish culture and fishery activity, prossed for drinking water, agriculture, animal husbandry, industry, and water power.

Keywords :  Valuation, physical chemistry water, criteria

Abstrak

          Penelitian tentang kumulatif kualitas fisik kimia air Danau Tondano telah dilakukan pada  musim kemarau tahun 2015.  Tujuan penelitian adalah (1)  menganalisis kualitas air Danau Tondano  yang meliputi  TSS, TDS, DH sebagai faktor fisika perairan , dan faktor kimia  yaitu derajat keasaman (pH), parameter fisika air danau yaitu Calsium, Magnesium, Kalium, Sulfat, Total nitrogen,  Amoniak, Nitrat, Total Phosfat, Phosfat terlarut, dan Besi (Fe).

Sampel air di ambil pada 24 titik pengambilan sampel di Danau Tondano.  Pengambilan sampel air  pada kedalaman 20 meter dilakukan pada 21 titik atau lokasi penelitian,  titik pengambilan sampel pada kedalaman  5 meter, 10 meter, dan 20 meter.

Data hasil penelitian dianalisis dengan menggunakan  (1) Analisis multivariate dengan bantuan perangkat lunak statistic R versi R 3.3.2. (2)  Analisis kulaitas air dengan menggunakan kriteria kualitas air bagi lingkungan perairan, dan  Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia No. 81 Tahun 2001 tentang pengelolaan kualitas air dan pengendalian pencemaran air.

Hasil analisis menunjukan konsentrasi  rata-rata dan stadar deviasi TDS (mg/l)  192.0471 ± 94.1827, TSS (mg/l)  13.33 ± 4.8154 , DHL ( µmhos/cm)  317.833 ± 161.984, pH (6.8875  ± 0.2291), Ca (mg/l) 16.6667  ± 7.2284, Mg (mg/l) 14.7714  ± 0.3860, K (mg/l) 2.330  ± 0.4467, SO₄ (mg/l) 5.685  ± 5.3366, Total Nitrogen (mg/l) 2.993  ± 5.3364, NH₃ (mg/l) 0.2348  ± 0.8543, NO₃ (mg/l) 5.3567  ± 7.0824, Total Phosfat (mg/l) 0.3333  ± 0.4821, PO₄ (mg/l) 0.1130  ± 0.3315, F^e (mg/l) 0.11  ± 0.1901. Melalui Analisis Komponen Utama (AKU) diperoleh nilai Eigen 62.68 %  yang mampu  menerangkan varian indicator 10 variabel lingkungan dan 10 lokasi penelitian sebagai hasil reduksi data. Analisi kluster dari data reduksi membentuk 3 kluster yaitu  Kluster I di lokasi penelitian belakang eceng gondok Eris dan budidaya ikan Eris dengan variabel  dominan TDS, DHL, Total Nitrogen, dan amoniak.  Kluster II di lokasi penelitian budidaya ikan Toulimembet, depan eceng gondok Urongo, depan gondok Paleloan, Depan eceng gondok Roong dengan variabel dominan  SO₄, pH, dan Magnesium.  Kluster III di lokasi penelitian belakang eceng gondok Kakas, belakang eceng gondok Kaweng, belakang eceng gondok Toulimembet, dan budidaya ikan Kaima dengan variabel dominan TSS, Ca, dan K.  Danau Tondano memiliki tingkat kesuburan perairan yang dikategorikan sedang sampai tinggi, dan layak bagi kegiatan perikanan, air danau dapat diolah menjadi air minum, keperluan pertanian, peternakan, perikanan, industri dan listrik tenaga air.

Kata kunci: Penilaian, fisika kimia air, Kriteria