Kombinasi Pestisida Nabati Buah Bitung (Barringtonia Asiatica L. Kurtz) Dan Buah Pangi (Pangium Edule Reinw) Terhadap Serangga Vektor Penyakit Demam Berdarah Aedes Aegypti

Abstract

Abstrak. Pengendalian vektor bertujuan untuk menurunkan indeks kepadatan populasi nyamuk Aedes aegypti untuk melindungi penularan virus. Pemanfaatan tanaman sebagai bahan aktif pestisida sangat populer untuk mengendalikan hama dan penyakit. Tanaman. Barringtonia asiatica dan Pangium edule yang diketahui mengandung senyawa - senyawa toksik. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui efektivitas penggunaan pestisida nabati Barringtonia asiatica dan Pangium edule dalam meningkatkan mortalitas larva Aedes aegypti serta mengetahui konsentrasi yang efektif mematikan larva Aedes aegypti. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan juni – agustus 2019. Proses riring dilakukan di Laboratorium Hama dan Penyakit Tanaman Universitas Sam Ratulangi Manado. Pengamatan perlakuan menggunakan acak lengkap tiga ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa semakin tinggi konsentrasi maka semakin tinggi angka mortalitas larva Ae.aegypti, karena kandungan racun dalam biji bitung dan biji pangi yang efektif menekan perkembangan larva Ae.aegypti. Di ketahui bahwa biji pangi mengandung senyawa golongan alkaloid, flavonoid, tanin dan sianida. Senyawa saponin yang bersifat paling aktif sebagai racun dari ekstrak Barringtonia asiatica adalah ranunkosida VIII. Kandungan bahan aktif tersebut dapat menjadi pengendali vektor karena, mengurani populasi nyamuk aedes aegypti sehingga dapat menekan munculnya penyakit DBD.
Kata kunci : ekstrak, biji bitung, biji pangi, pestisida nabati, aedes aegypti

Abstract. Vector control aims to reduce the population density index of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes to protect virus transmission. The use of plants as active ingredients in pesticides is very popular for controlling pests and diseases. Plant Barringtonia asiatica and Pangium edule which are known to contain toxic compounds. The research objective was to determine the effectiveness of the use of vegetable pesticides Barringtonia asiatica and Pangium edule in increasing the mortality of Aedes aegypti larvae and to determine the effective concentration of deadly Aedes aegypti larvae. The research was conducted from june until august 2019. The riring process was carried out at the Laboratory of Plant Pests and Diseases, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado. Observation of
the treatment using a completely randomized three replications. The results showed that the higher the concentration, the higher the mortality rate of Ae. aegypti larvae, because the toxic content in beetroot and pangi seeds were effective in suppressing the development of Ae. aegypti larve. It is known that pangi seeds contain alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins and cyanide compounds. The saponin compound which is the most active as a poison from Barringtonia asiatica extract is ranunkoside VIII. The content of this active ingredient can be a vector control because it reduces the population of the Aedes aegypti mosquito so that it can reduce the emergence of DHF.
Keywords: extracts, bitung seeds, pangi seeds, botanical pesticide, aedes aegypti