Jurnal Ilmiah Sains

Antioxidant Activity of Ethanol Extract of Breadfruit Peel (Artocarpus altilis (Park.) Fosberg) and Determination of Total Phenolic and Flavonoid Levels

Febriana Wahyuningtyas, Ibrahim Arifin, Khoirul Anwar — Sat, 08 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0800

Breadfruit peel (Artocarpus altilis (Park.) Fosberg) contains phenolic compounds and flavonoids. These compounds have benefits as antioxidants. This study aims to determine the antioxidant activity of ethanol extract of breadfruit peel by using the ABTS (2,2- Azinobis (3- Ethylbenzothaizoline-6- Sulfonic Acid) method and determining the total phenolic and flavonoid levels. The skin of breadfruit is extracted using a method with a 96% ethanol solvent. The results of the extract were tested for antioxidant activity by ABTS and trolox methods as a comparison, and the total phenolic and flavonoid levels were determined by comparing gallic acid and quercetin using UV-VIS spectrophotometry. The results of the absorbance data were analyzed by linear regression to obtain IC₅₀ values. Total phenolic and flavonoid levels were expressed by mgGAE/gram extract and mgQE/gram extract. The results showed that the extract ethanol of breadfruit peel extracted by maceration method obtained IC₅₀ 47.86±0.07 ppm, trolox IC₅₀ 20.17±0.06 ppm. The determination of the total phenolic and flavonoid levels was obtained as 280.70±2.54 mg GAE/gram and 5,51±0.02 mgQE/gram extract. Antioxidant activity of ethanol extract of breadfruit peel is categorized as a very powerful antioxidant.

Keywords: antioxidants; breadfruit peel; flavonoids; phenolics

Antioxidant, Antibacterial, Cytotoxic, and Anticancer Potential of Belulang Grass (Eleusine indica)

Sat, 15 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0800

A study was conducted to determine the antioxidant, antibacterial, cytotoxic, and anticancer activities of the belulang grass plant (Eleusine indica). Antioxidant activity was assessed using the 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity method. Antibacterial activity was determined using the disk diffusion method, cytotoxicity was determined using the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT), and anticancer activity was evaluated using the MTS assay. The results showed that the antioxidant activity of the extracts and solvent fractions of Eleusine indica had the highest average value for the n-hexane fraction (FNH) at 35.0%, ethyl acetate fraction (FEA) at 56.4%, aqueous fraction (FA) at 30.3%, and methanol extract (EM) at 32.5%. Among these, the highest value was obtained in FEA, while the lowest was obtained in FA. Based on the cytotoxicity test with the BSLT method, the ethyl acetate fraction had an LC50 value of 7.384 ppm, categorizing it as highly toxic. However, in cytotoxicity testing with HeLa cells, the IC50 value for the ethyl acetate fraction was 223.70 ppm, indicating that the ethyl acetate fraction was less active against HeLa cervical cancer cells.

Keywords: Eleusine indica; belulang grass; cytotoxic; HeLa cells

Phytochemical Analysis GC-MS Results of Parmelia sulcata (Ascomycota: Parmeliaceae) As a Natural Color

Sun, 06 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0800

A Parmelia sulcata is the largest family of lichen fungi, consisting of around 2,700 species spread across 80 countries. Lichen is an organism resulting from symbiosis between fungi and algae. This research aims to analyze the phytochemical results and find out whether Parmelia sulcata has potential as a natural dye to be applied to natural fiber fabrics. The research location is Tanen Village, Kemuning, Ngargoyoso, Central Java. Sample exploration was carried out using the exploration method, the samples were analyzed using GC-MS, where from the GC-MS results there were various compounds, therefore the researchers wanted to provide laboratory test data regarding the chemical content of the Parmelia sulcata species. Phytochemical and GC-MS test results are as follows: 3,5-Dihydroxytoluene 33.77%; 2-[3' Hydroxypropyl]-1,4-Benzenediol 3.32%; 1,3-Benzenediol, 2-Methyl 3.75%; Resorcyclic Beta Acid, 6-Methyl, Methyl Ester 1.43%; Resorcyclic Beta Acid, 6-Methyl, Methyl Ester 8.56%; 3-Cyclohexene-1-Methanol,6-1(1-Hydroxycyclopentyl)-, Cis 1.91%; Resorcyclic Beta Acid, 6-Methyl, Methyl Ester 37.15%; Acetonitrile, 9h-Pyrolo[1,2-A] Indole-9-Ylidene 1.00%; Fluoranthene-2-Carboxaldehyde 3.62%, this shows that Parmelia sulcata has less potential to be used as a natural dyes.

Keywords: Phytochemistry; Compound Content; Parmelia sulcata; Natural Dyes

The Effect of ENSO on Upwelling Events in Bengkulu City Waters (Case Study: El Nino 2023)

Angeli silaban, Septi Johan, Lizalidiawati Lizalidiawati — Wed, 23 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0800

One of the areas affected by the ENSO phenomenon is the waters of Kota Bengkulu. The 2023 El Nino event was categorized as strong, making it essential to understand its impact on upwelling in the waters of Kota Bengkulu. The objective of this study is to examine the influence of the 2023 El Nino on the upwelling phenomenon in the waters of Kota Bengkulu. The data used in this study were obtained from Marine Copernicus and NOAA, consisting of monthly averages over a two-year period (2022–2024). The research method applied is descriptive and quantitative. The descriptive method illustrates the 2D distribution of Sea Surface Temperature (SST), Sea Surface Height (SSH), and Chlorophyll-a during the 2023 El Nino event. Meanwhile, the quantitative method analyzes the values of SST, SSH, and Chlorophyll-a corresponding to the period of the El Nino event. The results indicate that the strong El Nino of 2023 caused a significant decrease in sea surface temperature, reaching 26.9°C in September 2023. This decline in SST was attributed to upwelling in the waters of Kota Bengkulu, driven by the Southeast Monsoon coinciding with the strong El Nino event, which had an ONI value of 1.8°C. The occurrence of upwelling was also indicated by a lower SSH in October 2023, recorded at 0.2 m. Additionally, Chlorophyll-a concentration increased in October 2023, reaching 16.2 mg m⁻³, following the decrease in SST in September 2023. The peak of the 2023 El Nino in October further intensified the upwelling event that year.

Keywords: chlorophyll-a; ENSO; sea surface height; sea surface temperature; upwelling