STRUKTUR KOMUNITAS IKAN KARANG DI PERAIRAN TERUMBU KARANG TAMAN NASIONAL BUNAKEN, SULAWESI UTARA

Abstract

Penelitian ini dilakukan di area Taman Nasional Bunaken (TNB) pada 6 lokasi dengan 26 tapak pe­ngamatan. Ke 6 lokasi tersebut adalah Pesisir Selatan TNB, Pesisir Utara TNB, Pulau Bunaken, Pulau Manado Tua, Pulau Mantehage dan Pulau Nain. Penelitian ini mencatat adanya total 368 spesies yang berasal dari 46 famili ikan karang. Pengelompokan berdasarkan kategori ikan karang ikan indikator dijumpai dari famili Chaeto­dontidae sebanyak 30 spesies, ikan mayor grup dari 32 famili sebanyak 238 spesies dan ikan target dari 15 famili sebanyak 100 spesies. Nilai persentase tutupan karang dan kelimpahan ikan menunjukkan Pulau Bunaken paling baik dibandingkan lokasi lainnya. Struktur komunitas, dilihat dari indeks ekologi keanekara­gaman (H’) yang berkategori sedang, kemerataan (E) yang berkategori labil dan dominansi (C) yang berkategori rendah) menunjukkan kondisi komunitas ikan karang masih baik. Perbandingan antar lokasi menunjukkan tingkat kesamaan spesies ikan karang mengelompok di lokasi Pesisir Selatan TN Bunaken berbeda dengan lokasi lainnya.

Kata kunci: Taman Nasional Bunaken, terumbu karang, struktur komunitas ikan karang, Sulawesi Utara

 

This study was conducted in Bunaken National Park (TNB) area on six locations with 26 observation sites. The locations were Southern shore of TNB, Northern shore of TNB, Bunaken island, Manado Tua island, Mantehage island and Nain island. As many as 368 species of 46 families of coral reef fish were recorded in this study. Grouping into categories, those fish were 30 species indicator fish from Chaetodontidae family, 238 major group fish species from 32 families and 100 target fish species from 15 families. The coral co­verage percentage and fish abundance showed that Bunaken Island has the best condition compared to other locations. Based on the characteristics ecological indices such as medium diversity (H'), labile evenness (E) and low dominance, the condition of reef fish communities could be considered is good. Based on the similarity index, the group of fish species in the south shore of TNB was different from other locations.

Keywords: Bunaken National Park, coral reef, reef fish community structure, North Sulawesi