Perbandingan antara penggunaan karbonat apatit dan hidroksi apatit pada proses penutupan defek kalvaria dengan menggunakan plasma kaya trombosit

Abstract

Abstract: Carbonate hydroxy apatite (CHA) and hydroxyapatite (HA) are calcium phosphate biomaterials for bone substitute which have the characteristics of biocompatibility, bioactivity, and osteoconductivity. Platelet rich plasma (PRP) has platelet concentration of 3-5 times above normal and contains growth factor. This study was aimed to compare the effectiveness of CHA-PRP and HA-PRP in the occlusion of calvaria deffect. This was a descriptive observational study. Subjects were 18 Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus), aged 20-22 weeks, weighing 350-400 g. PRP was processed from 3 ml of intracardiac blood. Calvaria defect of 3 mm diameter was performed as a burr hole. Subjects were divided into 2 groups. Group 1 was treated with CHA-PRP meanwhile group 2 was treated with HA-PRP. The rats were terminated at weeks 2, 3, and 4, then the calvaria bone tissue was evaluated histopathologically. The results showed that at week-2, group 1 had inflammatory cells of 80-90% and immature bone formation of 10%, while group 2 had inflammatory cells of 60-70% and immature bone formation of 5%. At week-3, group 1 had inflammatory cells of 80% and immature bone formation of 10-45% while group 2 had inflammatory cells of 60-70% and immature bone formation of 10-20%. At week-4, group 1 had inflammatory cells of 80-90% and immature bone formation of 45-90% while group 2 had inflammatory cells of 20-70% and immature bone formation of 15-55%. Conclusion: In rats (Rattus norvegicus) with calvaria defects, CHA-PRP treatment could accelerate the occlusion process better than HA-PRP.
Kata kunci: carbonate hydroxy apatite, hydroxyapatite, platelet rich plasma

Abstrak: Karbonat hidroksi apatit (KHA) dan hidroksi apatit (HA) merupakan biomaterial kalsium fosfat pengganti tulang yang bersifat biokompatibilitas, bioaktivitas, osteokonduktif. Plasma kaya trombosit (PKT) mempunyai konsentrasi trombosit 3-5 kali di atas normal dan mengandung faktor pertumbuhan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan pengaruh pemberian KHA-PKT dan HA-PKT pada proses penutupan defek kalvaria tikus. Jenis penelitian ialah deskriptif observasional. Subyek penelitian berupa 18 ekor tikus putih (Rattus norvegicus) galur Wistar, umur 20-22 minggu, berat badan 350-400 gr. Pengambilan darah tikus 3 cc intrakardiak diolah menjadi PKT. Defek kalvaria dibuat berbentuk burr hole diameter 3 mm. Subyek dibagi atas dua kelompok. Kelompok 1 diberikan KHA-PKT sedangkan kelompok 2 diberikan HA-PKT. Tikus diterminasi pada minggu ke-2, 3, dan 4 dan jaringan tulang kalvaria dievaluasi secara histopatologik. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan di minggu ke-2, pada kelompok 1 terdapat infiltrasi sel radang 80-90% dan pembentukan tulang imatur 10% sedangkan kelompok 2 infiltrasi sel radang 60-70% dan pembentukan tulang imatur 5%. Di minggu ke-3, pada kelompok 1 terdapat infiltrasi sel radang 80% dan pembentukan tulang imatur 10-45% sedangkan kelompok 2 infiltrasi sel radang 60-70% dan pembentukan tulang imatur 10-20%. Di minggu ke-4, pada kelompok 1 terdapat infiltrasi sel radang 80-90% dan pembentukan tulang imatur 45-90% sedangkan kelompok 2 infiltrasi sel radang 20-70% dan pembentukan tulang imatur 15-55%. Simpulan: Pada tikus (Rattus norvegicus) dengan defek kalvaria, pemberian KHA-PKT dapat lebih mempercepat proses penutupan defek dibandingkan pemberian HA-PKT.
Kata kunci: karbonat hidroksi apatit, hidroksi apatit, plasma kaya trombosit