Luaran Maternal dan Perinatal pada Preeklampsia Berat dan Eklampsia

Abstract

Abstract: Preeclampsia and  eclampsia are a complication in pregnancy which can increase the maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality in Indonesia. This study aimed to illustrate outcome severe preeclampsia and eclampsia at RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado on period January 1^st – December 31^st, 2018. Design of study is descriptive retrospective method. The results of study, in the period from January 1^st – December 31^st, 2018 at RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado there are 1366 deliveries which 322 cases (23.57%) severe preeclampsia and 12 cases (0.88%) eclampsia. For severe preeclampsia obtained maternal age ≥ 35 years as much as 128 cases (39.8%), gestational age 37–40 weeks as much as 186 cases (56.3%), cesarean section delivery as much as 214 cases (66.5%), appropriate gestational age as much as 257 cases (79.8%), APGAR Score 4-6 as much as 165 cases (64.3%), perinatal mortality as much as 8 cases (6.08^o/_oo). For eclampsia obtained maternal age between 21-29 years as much as 5 cases (41.6%), gestational age < 37 weeks as much as 7 cases (58.3%), cesarean section delivery as much as 12 cases (100%), small gestational age as much as 9 cases (75%), maternal mortality as much as 8 cases (5.95%_o), perinatal mortality as much as 2 cases (1.52^o/_oo). In conclusion, outcomes of severe preeclampsia and eclampsia obtained in accordance  with the literature where APGAR Score babies are not very good so it affects the rate of perinatal mortality. Perinatal mortality caused by intrauterine hypoxia and prematurity.

Key Words: severe preeclampsia, eclampsia, maternal mortality, perinatal mortality

 

 

Abstrak: Preeklampsia dan eklampsia merupakan komplikasi kehamilan yang dapat meningkatkan morbiditas dan mortalitas maternal maupun perinatal di Indonesia. Tujuan penelitian utuk mengetahui luaran maternal dan perinatal pada preeklampsia berat dan eklampsia di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado periode 1 Januari– 31 Desember 2018. Penelitian menggunakan metode deskriptif retrospektif. Hasil penelitian, pada periode 1 Januari - 31 Desember 2018 di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado terdapat 1366 persalinan diantaranya 322 kasus (23.57%) preeklampsia berat dan 12 kasus (0.88%) eklampsia. Untuk preeklampsia berat didapatkan usia ≥ 35 tahun sebanyak 128 kasus (39.8%), kehamilan 37–40 minggu sebanyak 186 kasus (56.3%), persalinan seksio sesarea sebanyak 214 kasus (66.5%), berat badan bayi sesuai masa kehamilan sebanyak 257 kasus (79.8%), nilai APGAR 4–6 sebanyak 165 kasus (64.3%) dan kematian perinatal sebanyak 8 kasus (6.08^o/_oo). Untuk eklampsia didapatkan pada usia 21-29 tahun sebanyak 5 kasus (55.6%), kehamilan < 37 minggu sebanyak 6 kasus (66.7%), persalinan seksio sesarea sebanyak 12 kasus (100%), berat badan bayi kecil masa kehamilan sebanyak 9 kasus (75%), kematian maternal sebanyak 8 kasus (5.95%_o), kematian perinatal sebanyak 2 kasus (1.52^o/_oo). Sebagai simpulan, hasil luaran preeklampsia berat dan eklampsia sesuai dengan kepustakaan bahwa nilai APGAR bayi yang tidak terlalu baik, sehingga mempengaruhi tingkat kematian perinatal. Kematian perinatal disebabkan oleh hipoksia intrauterin dan prematuritas.

Kata Kunci: preeklampsia berat, eklampsia, AKI, AKP