JURNAL BIOS LOGOS

Skrining Fitokimia dan Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Daun Binahong (Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis) Terhadap Streptococcus mutans dan Escherichia coli

Mardhita Nilamsari Achmad — 2024-12-30

Tanaman binahong (Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis) telah dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan alami dalam pengobatan. Tanaman ini memiliki kandungan senyawa aktif seperti flavonoid yang dapat bertindak sebagai antibiotik dengan cara mengganggu fungsi mikroorganisme seperti bakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji kandungan senyawa aktif dalam ekstrak etanol daun binahong terhadap zona hambat pertumbuhan bakteri Streptococcus mutans dan Escherichia coli. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan ialah eksperimental laboratorium. Hasil skrining fitokimia menunjukkan ekstrak etanol daun binahong mengandung senyawa aktif seperti flavonoid, tanin, alkaloid, polifenol, saponin, dan steroid. Hasil pengukuran zona hambat terhadap streptococcus mutans dengan metode cakram menggunakan konsentrasi 20%, 40%, dan 60% diperoleh nilai rata-rata sebesar 9,38 mm, 9,90 mm, dan 11,20 mm, sedangkan pada Escherichia coli diperoleh nilai rata-rata sebesar 8,53 mm, 9,12 mm, dan 10,23 mm. Hasil pengukuran zona hambat terhadap streptococcus mutans dengan metode sumuran menggunakan konsentrasi 20%, 40%, dan 60% diperoleh nilai rata-rata sebesar 10,35 mm, 11,28 mm, dan 12,85 mm, sedangkan pada Escherichia coli diperoleh nilai rata-rata sebesar 9,93 mm, 10,25 mm, 11,50 mm. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak etanol daun binahong memiliki potensi dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Streptococcus mutans dan Escherichia coli.

Etnobotani Tumbuhan Obat Oleh Masyarakat Bolaang Mongondow

Euis F.S. Pangemanan — 2024-12-30

Penelitian etnobotani tentang tumbuhan obat sangat penting karena dapat mengungkap pengetahuan tradisional yang penting tentang penggunaan tumbuhan untuk pengobatan. Pengetahuan ini ditransfer dari generasi ke generasi dan merupakan bagian penting dari budaya suatu masyarakat. Banyak spesies tumbuhan yang digunakan sebagai obat oleh berbagai suku dan komunitas di Indonesia, yang memiliki keanekaragaman hayati yang luar biasa. Selama bertahun-tahun, masyarakat Bolaang Mongondow di Sulawesi Utara telah memanfaatkan tumbuhan obat untuk mengobati berbagai penyakit. Namun, pengetahuan ini belum tercatat dengan baik dan hilang seiring perubahan zaman. Karena itu, tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengumpulkan dan mencatat jenis tumbuhan obat yang digunakan oleh penduduk Bolaang Mongondow di Sulawesi Utara, serta metode pengolahan dan pemanfaatan tumbuhan tersebut. Penelitian dilakukan di Desa Kosio Barat dan Desa Ikhwan (Kab. Bolaang Mongondow), Desa Popodu (Kab. Bolaang Mongondow Selatan), dan Desa Guaan (Kab. Bolaang Mongondow Timur). Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara mewawancarai informan/responden untuk menggali informasi tentang nama lokal tumbuhan, bagian tumbuhan yang digunakan, cara penggunaan, dan manfaatnya. Responden adalah Batra, yang direkomendasikan oleh Kepala Desa setempat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat 67 jenis tumbuhan yang dipergunakan masyarakat Bolaang Mongondow untuk menjaga kesehatannya. Bagian tumbuhan yang paling banyak digunakan adalah daun, kemudian batang, akar, bunga, buah dan biji. Tumbuhan obat tersebut dimanfaatkan untuk pemeliharaan kesehatan dan mengobati berbagai penyakit. Terdapat berbagai kearifan lokal yang masih dipraktekan masyarakat sehubungan dengan pemanfaatan tumbuhan obat.

Kualitas Fisiko-Kimia Minyak Atsiri Sereh Wangi (Cymbopogon winterianus) Tipe Mahapengiri Berdasarkan Standar Mutu

Nelly Selvia Tongkeles — 2024-12-30

Minyak atsiri sereh wangi (Citronela oil) berasal dari tanaman sereh wangi (Cymbopogon winterianus) yang dihasilkan dari proses penyulingan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi karakteristik fisikokimia minyak atsiri sereh wangi dari Bali dan membandingkannya dengan standar kualitas yang ditetapkan dalam Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI) 3953:2019. Penelitian ini mencakup pengujian parameter fisikokimia seperti warna, bau, bobot jenis, indeks bias,kandungan lemak, dan kadar sitronelal serta geraniol. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa minyak atsiri sereh wangi yang diproduksi memenuhi standar kualitas yang ditetapkan berdasarkan standar mutu. Hasil yang didapatkan dari uji yang telah dilakukan adalah warna kuning pucat, bobot jenis 0,8819, indeks bias 1,46, kadar geraniol dan sitronellal 20,30 % dan 33,66 %, bau khas sereh wangi, kandungan lemak negatif serta diperlukan 0,7 bagian volume etanol 80% untuk melarutkan 1 bagian volume minyak sereh wangi.

Keanekaragaman Moluska pada Ekosistem Mangrove di Kelurahan Meras, Kecamatan Bunaken, Kota Manado, Sulawesi Utara.

Desi Tiranda — 2024-12-30

Wilayah pesisir memiliki beberapa ekosistem seperti ekosistem mangrove, ekosistem lamun, ekosistem terumbu karang dan ekosistem rumput laut. Dari seluruh ekosistem yang ada di pesisir, ekositem mangrove merupakan salah satu ekosistem yang mudah dijumpai. Salah satu wilayah Kota Manado yang masih memiliki ekosistem mangrove berada di Kelurahan Meras, Kecamatan Bunaken, Kota Manado, Sulawesi Utara. Mangrove merupakan sumber makanan potensial bagi semua biota yang hidup didalamnya. Sebagai tempat mencari makan yang berkontribusi terhadap kompleksitas habitat dan keanekaragaman hayati. Salah satu makrofauna yang berasosiasi dengan ekosistem ini yaitu Moluska dimana makrofauna ini dominan di ekosistem mangrove. Keanekaragaman Moluska pada ekosistem mangrove di Kelurahan Meras belum pernah diteliti, sehingga penting dilakukan penelitian untuk keanekaragaman moluska pada ekosistem mangrove. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi spesies dan menganalisis keanekaragaman Moluska pada ekosistem mangrove. Penelitian dilakukan di Kelurahan Meras, Kecamatan Bunaken, Kota Manado, Sulawesi Utara. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan pada bulan April 2023. Lokasi penelitian ditentukan berdasarkan teknik purposive sampling dengan metode pengambilan sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode plot (berpetak). Analisis data yang digunakan yaitu indeks keanekaragaman, kepadatan, frekuensi, indeks nilai penting dan keseragaman spesies. Hasil penelitian didapatkan sebanyak 14 (empat belas) spesies Moluska yang termasuk dalam 9 (sembilan) family. Indeks keanekaragaman pada stasiun 1 adalah 1,30, stasiun 2 adalah 2,13, stasiun 3 adalah 1,76, stasiun 4 adalah 1,74, stasiun 5 adalah 1,54 dan stasiun 6 adalah 1,36. Berdasarkan kriteria nilai indeks keanekaragaman Shanon-Wienner kisaran indeks keanekaragaman pada semua stasiun tergolong sedang

Karakteristik Pengeringan Daun Kelor (Moringa oleifera) Menggunakan Alat Pengering Energi Matahari Tipe Kubah

Toar Daniel Malingkas — 2024-12-30

Tanaman Kelor (Moringa oleifera) memiliki nilai ekonomi yang tinggi disebabkan karena berbagai macam manfaat pada bagian-bagian tanaman ini, salah satunya pada bagian daun yang sering dimanfaatkan sebagai sayuran untuk sumber pangan fungsional. Salah satu kendala utama bagi masyarakat di provinsi NTT, terlebih khusus bagi masyarakat di kabupaten Belu yaitu penerapan pengetahuan teknologi tepat guna menggunakan alat pengering energi matahari tipe kubah bagi daun Kelor untuk menghasilkan produk antara bagi bahan pangan belum banyak dilaksanakan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menentukan karakteristik pengeringan daun Kelor menggunakan alat pengering tipe kubah ditinjau dari penurunan kadar air, laju pengeringan daun kelor serta perubahan suhu udara pengering di dalam ruang pengering. Hasil analisa menunjukkan bahwa penurunan kadar air daun Kelor segar dengan kadar air awal sebesar 72,43% bb membutuhkan waktu selama 2 jam untuk memperoleh rata-rata kadar air akhir daun Kelor kering sebesar 5,89% bb yang telah sesuai dengan SNI 9228:2023, selanjutnya rata-rata capaian laju pengeringan di setiap rak pengering selama proses pengeringan berlangsung yaitu 0,54% bb/menit hingga 0,57% bb/menit, kemudian perubahan suhu udara pengering selama pengeringan berkisar antara 42^OC hingga 50^OC.

Keanekaragaman Jenis dan Pemanfaatan Jamur Makroskopis di Taman Hutan Raya Bukit Mangkol Desa Teru, Provinsi Kepulauan Bangka Belitung

Julian Erika Putri — 2024-12-30

Macroscopic and microscopic fungi are living organisms in nature that play an important role in the balance of ecosystems and the surrounding environment. This study aimed to determine the type of macroscopic fungi and the habitat of macroscopic fungi around the Bukit Berambai Hiking trail in the Bukit Mangkol Forest Park Area, as well as to determine the use of macroscopic fungi by the people of Teru Village, Bangka Belitung Province. This research used two methods, namely qualitative and quantitative with field data collection techniques observation surveys, questionnaires, and semi-structured interviews. The research results showed that 66 taxa of macroscopic fungi consisting of two divisions, namely the Ascomycota division and the Basidiomycota division. The dominated fungi was Marasmius sp1. Most of the macroscopic fungi grew and attach to wood substrates, rotting trees, and leaf litter. The people in Teru Village used macroscopic mushrooms as food for consumption, medicine, and tradition. These mushrooms, namely Ear Mushroom (Auricularia sp), Kukur Mushroom (Schizopyllum commune), Tiung Mushroom (Hygrocybe sp 3), White Mushroom (Lentinus sajor-caju), Scale Mushroom (Phylloporus sp.), and Biring Mushroom (Gonoderma sp.).

Potensi Tumbuhan Lemna minor L. sebagai Agen Fitoremediasi Limbah Cair Pewarna Jumputan

Erin Damayanti Hutabarat — 2024-12-30

Jumputan cloth is a type of typical cloth originating from the city of Palembang. In the manufacturing process it uses a lot of dyes so that it produces waste in the form of liquid dye waste. This research aims to determine the potential of the Lemna minor L. plant in reducing color levels and improving the quality of jumputan dye waste water. This research is a quantitative research with experimental methods using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 5 treatments and 5 replications. Data analysis was carried out using the normality test, homogeneity test, variance test, and Duncan test. The research results showed that the Lemna minor plant was able to reduce color levels by 51%, and was able to improve water quality parameters, namely by changing the pH to 5.72 with a percentage of 18%, DO to 6.9 mg/l with a percentage of 53%, the temperature becomes 27.9°C with a percentage of 11%, TDS becomes 118.2 mg/l with a percentage of 44%, TSS becomes 8 mg/l with a percentage of 95%, and Pb metal becomes 0.9 with a percentage of 42%. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that the Lemna minor L. plant is effectively used as a phytoremediator for jumputan dye liquid waste.

Pengaruh Penggunaan Tepung Biji Durian (Durio zibethinus Murr) Terhadap Cemaran Mikroba, dan Daya Hambat Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus dan Salmonella sp. Salami

Sofi Sembor — 2024-12-30

The aim of this research was to determine the effect of adding durian seed flour (Durio zibethinus Murr) on microbial contamination and the inhibitory power of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella bacteria in salami products. The materials used are durian seed flour, laying hens, spices, bacterial cultures of Lactobacilus plantarum and Lactobacilus acidophylus. The research used a Completely Randomized Design with 5 treatments and 4 replication P0(0%), P1(5%), P2(10%), P3(15%) and P4(20%). The parameters measured include the level of microbial contamination and the inhibitory power of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella bacteria. The research data were analyzed using ANOVA and continued with the Honestly Significant Difference Test. The research results showes that the level of escheria coli, Stapilococcus aureus and Salmonella contamination in salami products were negative for each sample. The results of the Inhibition Test on the growth of Escherichia coli bacteria for each treatment P0, P1, P2, P3 and P4 formed an inhibitory zone with an average diameter of 1.11mm; 2.67mm; 2.59mm; 2.01mm and 1.25mm although statistically there was no significant difference (P>0.05). The inhibitory power of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria with an average diameter of 1.19cm, 2.51cm, 2.56cm, 1.86cm, 0.89cm; Inhibition power of Salmonella bacteria 0.91cm; 1.14cm; 0.72cm; 0.42cm and 0.06cm

Identifikasi Morfologi Jamur Penyebab Penyakit Busuk Tandan Kelapa Sawit dan Uji Konsentrasi Kitosan Terhadap Jamur Tersebut Secara in Vitro

Yetti Elfina — 2024-12-30

Fruit bunch rot disease on oil palms can cause a decrease in oil palm productivity in Riau Province. An alternative to controlling oil palm bunch rot disease can be using an organic fungicide, namely chitosan. Research aims to identify the causes of oil palm bunch rot disease and test the effect of chitosan concentration in inhibiting this fungus in vitro. The treatments in this study were several concentrations of chitosan (K) consisting of: K0 = Chitosan 0 g.l^-1; K1 = Chitosan 2.5 g.l^-1; K2= Chitosan 5 g.l^-1; K3 = Chitosan 7.5 g.l^-1; K4 = Chitosan 10 g.l^-1. The chitosan application was analyzed statistically using variance based on the F test at the 5% level using the SPSS application. Research results The cause of oil palm bunch rot disease in Pongkai Village, District XIII Koto Kampar, Kampar Regency, Riau is Marasmius palmivorus based on its morphology. Providing concentrated chitosan able to inhibit the growth of Marasmius palmivorus in vitro. Chitosan concentrations of 2.5 g.l^-1, 5 g.l^-1, 7.5 g.l^-1, 10 g.l^-1 able to inhibit the growth of the fungus Marasmius palmivorus with respective inhibitions of 36.52%, 45.68%, 50.55 %, 64.16%, The higher the chitosan concentration, greater the inhibition of fungal growth that occurs.

Uji Efektivitas Ekstrak Etanol Daun Mahoni (Swietenia mahagoni L.) Dalam Sediaan Losion Sebagai Repelan Terhadap Nyamuk Aedes aegypti

Anastasia Santaulina Putri Rosari — 2024-12-30

Preventive efforts made to avoid mosquito bites generally use repellants containing synthetic chemicals in the form of N, N-diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET) and if used for a long period of time can cause damage to the human body. It is known that mahogany plants (Swietenia mahagoni L.) contain secondary metabolite compounds that have the potential as insect repellants. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of ethanol extract of mahogany leaves (S. mahagoni L.) in lotion as a mosquito repellent for Ae. aegypti, Effective Concentration 50% (EC50), physical properties and irritating effects of mahogany leaf ethanol extract lotion. This research was conducted in January 2024 - March 2024 at the Botany Laboratory and Zoology Laboratory, FMIPA, Unila. The study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 6 repetitions consisting of 4 levels of test concentrations, namely 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15%. The results of this study showed that the lotion of ethanol extract of mahogany leaves at a concentration of 15% had a protective power as a repellant of 87.63%, the EC₅₀ value of the extract lotion at a concentration of 9,60%. The lotion has good physical properties and does not cause irritation on the skin. In conclusion, ethanol extract of mahogany leaves has effectiveness as a repellent for Aedes aegypti mosquitoes.

Pertumbuhan Benih Ikan Patin (Pangasius sp.) Pada Pemberian Pakan dengan Penambahan Asam Humat Tanah Gambut

Nur Atika Salma Azhanifa — 2024-12-30

Patin fish (Pangasius sp.) is a superior commodity that is in demand and widely cultivated by the people of Indonesia. Feed is one of the things that has an impact in fish farming as a growth support. One way to increase feed efficiency is to use additional ingredients, in the form of peat soil humic substances. This study aims to determine the growth response and endurance of catfish seeds (Pangasius sp.) fed with additional humic acid. Feed was given as much as 2% of fish biomass using a completely randomized design (CRD) with five treatments, namely control and humic acid concentrations of 0.25%; 0.5%; 1%; and 2%, for 4 weeks. Each treatment was repeated three times with each replicate containing 10 catfish fry. The results showed that feeding humic acid supplementation with a humic acid concentration of 0.5% had a significant effect on the addition of the mean absolute weight of catfish to 2,394 ± 1,144 with the highest daily growth rate (0.080 ± 0.038 g/day).

Ornamental Palm Species of Palu City, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia

Amila Farwizah Tiwatu — 2025-01-20

A research-entitled ornamental palm species of Palu city, central Sulawesi, Indonesia has been conducted from May to September 2024. The goal of the study was to document ornamental palm in Palu City. The direct observation through botanical exploration method was performed to inventory ornamental plant in 8 districts of Palu. All ornamental palms samples were collected and photographed then identified at the Laboratory of Plant Biosystematics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences and the Herbarium Celebense (CEB), Tadulako University Palu. Additional data included local name, botanical name, family, plant habitus (life form), were noted. Specimens with their label were deposited at CEB, Tadulako University Palu, Indonesia. There were 16 (sixteen) ornamental palms namely: Areca cathechu, Cocos nucifera, Phoenix dactilyfera, Elaeis guineensis, Cyrtostachys renda, Corypha utan, Roystonia regia, Saribus rotundifolius, Wodyetia bifurcata, Adonidia merrilii, Hyophorbe lagenicaulis, Chrysalidocarpus decaryi, Bismarckia nobilis, Chamaedorea elegans, Licuala grandis, and Rhapis excelsa

Struktur Histologi Trabekula Femur Mencit (Mus musculus L) Orkidektomi Pasca Pemberian Ekstrak tempe Kedelai

Susantin Fajariyah — 2025-01-20

Testosterone deficiency is caused by, among other things, old age, chronic disease, and testicular cancer, which results in decreased bone density. Estrogen plays a more important role in the process of bone growth and resorption than the hormone testosterone. Therefore, to prevent a decrease in density in conditions of testosterone deficiency, it is necessary to administer external phytoestrogens, including tempeh, containing isoflavones deidzein dan genistein. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of administering tempeh extract on the histological structure of the femoral trabeculae of orchidectomized mice. Mice were divided into 4 groups, namely negative control (without orchidectomy), positive control (orchidectomy), and 2 orchidectomy treatment groups, followed by administration of tempe extract at a dose of 0.6 g/ml/day (D1) and 1.2 g/ml/day (D2). Tempeh extract was administered by gavage for 15 days after a 30-day healing period for bilateral orchidectomy. One day after the last administration of tempeh extract, the mice were anesthetized and dissected to remove the femur bones to make preparations using the paraffin method and HE staining. The parameters observed were the number of osteoblasts and osteoclasts and the thickness of the femoral trabeculae. Giving soybean tempeh extract at a dose of 0.6 mg/ml/day by gavage for 15 days can cause an increase in the number of osteoblasts and trabecular thickness, as well as reducing the number of osteoclasts in the femur of orchidectomized mice.