Uji Daya Hambat Ekstrak Spons Laut (Callyspongia Aerizusa) terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Salmonella Typhi dan Streptococcus Pyogenes

Abstract

Abstract: Indonesia has the greatest marine biodiversity due to its coral reef ecosystem. Callyspongia aerizusa is a type of sponges that has bioactive potential as antibacterial, anticancer, and antifungal that has not been widely used. This study was aimed to determine whether sea sponge Callyspongia aerizusa had inhibitory activity against Salmonella typhi and Streptococcus pyogenes. This was an experimental laboratory study with Kirby-Bauer well method. Two types of bacteria were used and each of them was repeated 3 times. The first well formed on the agar medium in 6 Petri dishes was filled with concentrated extract of sea sponge. The second well was filled with ciprofloxacin as the positive control. The third well was filled with aquadest as the negative control. The results showed that the total inhibitory zone diameter of Callyspongia aerizusa extract to Salmonella typhi was 12 mm (mean of 4 mm) and to Streptococcus pyogenes the total inhibitory zone diameter was 18 mm (mean of 6 mm). Conclusion: Sea sponge extract of Callyspongia aerizusa could inhibit the growth of Salmonella typhi and Streptococcus pyogenes but were categorized as weak and moderate respectively. Moreover, their inhibitory activities were weaker than the antibiotic cyprofloxacin.

Keywords: inhibition, Kirby-Bauer, sea sponges Callyspongia aerizusa

 

Abstrak: Indonesia memiliki keanekaragaman hayati laut terbesar karena memiliki ekosistem terumbu karang. Callyspongia aerizusa merupakan salah satu jenis spons yang berpotensi bioaktif sebagai antibakteri, antikanker, antijamur yang belum banyak dimanfaatkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui ada tidaknya daya hambat spons laut Callyspongia aerizusa terhadap Salmonella typhi dan Streptococcus pyogenes. Jenis penelitian ialah eksperimental dengan metode sumuran Kirby-Bauer. Pada penelitian ini digunakan 2 jenis bakteri dan tiap bakteri dilakukan pengulangan 3 kali. Sumur pertama yang sudah terbentuk pada media agar di 6 cawan Petri diisi dengan larutan ekstrak pekat spons laut Callyspongia aerizusa. Sumur kedua diisi dengan kontrol positif yaitu siprofloksasin. Sumur ketiga diisi dengan kontrol negatif yaitu akuades. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan diameter zona hambat total dari ekstrak Callyspongia aerizusa terhadap Salmonella typhi sebesar 12 mm (rerata 4 mm) dan terhadap Streptococcus pyogenes diameter zona hambat total sebesar 18 mm (rerata 6 mm). Simpulan: Ekstrak spons laut Callyspongia aerizusa dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Salmonella typhi dan Streptococcus pyogenes, namun masih dikategorikan lemah dan sedang, juga masih lebih lemah dibandingkan dengan obat antimikroba siprofloksasin.

Kata kunci: daya hambat, Kirby-Bauer, spons laut Callyspongia aerizusa