PROFIL PENURUNAN FUNGSI KOGNITIF PADA LANSIA DI YAYASAN-YAYASAN MANULA DI KECAMATAN KAWANGKOAN
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35790/ecl.v1i1.3297Abstract
Background: The cognitive impairment in elderly people is the major cause of the inability to execute the daily activity and of the major reason of the happening of care-dependence. There has not been any research about the profile of cognitive functions impairment in the District of Kawangkoan. Thus, the purpose of this research was to obtain the profile of cognitive functions impairment in the District of Kawangkoan. Methods: This was a descriptive survey with the design of cross-sectional study, which rolls out, the results of MMSE, TMT A, TMT B and CDT; the age, sex, education, occupations, family history of cognitive decline, marital status, the number of children, and the history of stroke and DM, and also the smoking profile of the participants. The subjects of this research were the elderly people that were the members of the old people foundations in the District of Kawangkoan. Results: There were 61 participants of this research, consisting of four males (6.6%) and 57 (94.4%) females participants. The result of this research shows that the MMSE scores were mostly normal (72.1%), the TMT A and the TMT B scores were both mostly abnormal (95.1% and the latter 72.1%), the CDT scores mostly normal (67.2%). In all these three instruments have the absolute result that was, the elderly people with older age has more numbers of participants with cognitive functions impairment than the younger age. The result also shows that the group of subjects with higher education has less numbers of cognitive decline subjects than the group of subjects with lower education. The subjects that had a former occupation as a teacher have the normal cognitive functions as the results of all the tests. Subjects that were married and have children, and do not have a history of stroke, DM and smoking got the score of normal cognitive functions. Conclusions: The cognitive functions of elderly people based on the MMSE and CDT scores, show that most of them have a normal cognitive functions where as the result of the TMT part A and the TMT part B show the opposite result that is most of the participants have an abnormal score.
Key words: Cognitive functions impairment – Elderly people
Latar Belakang: Penurunan fungsi kognitif pada lansia merupakan penyebab terbesar terjadinya ketidakmampuan dalam melakukan aktifitas normal sehari-hari, dan juga merupakan alasan tersering yang menyebabkan terjadinya ketergantungan terhadap orang lain untuk merawat diri sendiri. Belum pernah ada penelitian tentang profil penurunan fungsi kogntif di Kec. Kawangkoan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui profil penurunan fungsi kognitif pada lansia di Kecamatan Kawangkoan. Metode: Penelitian survey deskriptif dengan rancangan penelitian potong lintang, yang memaparkan data hasil pemeriksaan MMSE, TMT A, TMT B, CDT, umur, jenis kelamin; riwayat pendidikan, pekerjaan, keluarga dengan penurunan fungsi kognitif, status pernikahan dan jumlah anak, riwayat penyakit stroke, diabetes mellitus dan merokok. Subjek penelitian adalah para lansia yang menjadi anggota dari yayasan-yayasan manula yang ada di Kec. Kawangkoan. Hasil: Terdapat 61 sampel dari total 65 subjek penelitian. Sampel terdiri dari 4 orang berjenis kelamin laki-laki (6.6%) dan 57 perempuan (94.4%). Penelitian menunjukkan hasil pemeriksaan MMSE menunjukkan 72.1% normal, TMT A 95.1% tidak normal, pemeriksaan TMT B 72.1% tidak normal dan CDT67.2% normal. Pada hasil pemeriksaan ditemukan hasil absolut pada ketiga jenis pemeriksaan ini yaitu lebih banyak terdapat penurunan fungsi kognitif pada lansia dengan umur yang lebih tua. Profil fungsi kognitif berdasarkan riwayat pendidikan menunjukkan bahwa sampel dengan pendidikan kurang dari sembilan tahun sebagian besar mengalami penurunan fungsi kogntif. Riwayat pekerjaan guru seluruhnya memiliki hasil fungsi kognitif yang normal sedangkan sampel yang riwayat pekerjaannya petani lebih banyak mengalami penurunan fungsi kognitif. Sampel yang tidak menikah dan tidak memiliki anak memiliki hasil penurunan fungsi kognitif yang dominan daripada yang menikah dan memiliki anak. Pada hasil ditemukan bahwa sampel yang memiliki riwayat stroke, DM dan merokok positif memiliki hasil penurunan fungsi kognitif yang dominan disbanding yang tidak memiliki riwayat stroke, DM dan merokok. Kesimpulan: Hasil pemeriksaan fungsi kognitif berdasarkan pemeriksaan MMSE dan CDT menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar lansia masih memiliki fungsi kogntif yang normal sedangkan pada TMT A dan TMT B ditemukan hasil sebaliknya di mana ditemukan hasil sebagian besar mengalami penurunan fungsi kognitif.
Kata Kunci: Penurunan fungsi kognitif – Lansia
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