Profil Penyakit Jantung Bawaan pada Neonatus yang Dirawat di Ruang Perawatan Intensif Neonatal RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Periode 2022-2024
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35790/9twm1e49Keywords:
penyakit jantung bawaan; neonatus; tipe penyakit; asianotik; sianotikAbstract
Abstract: Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common congenital anomaly in neonates with the highest mortality rate in the first week of life. This study aimed to determine the profile of CHD in neonates admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou General Hospital, Manado, during 2022-2024. This was a retrospective descriptive study with a cross-sectional approach using medical records of neonates with CHD. The results showed that there were 762 CHD cases with increasing incidence of 9.68% from 2022 to 2023, and of 23.62% from 2023 to 2024. Most patients were male (59.58%), born by caesarean section (71%), referred (59.32%), premature (50%), from mothers aged 25–29 years (23.10%), and from singleton pregnancies (93.83%). Acyanotic CHD dominated (98.23% in single defects) with ASD as the most common type (76.98%). Mean age at diagnosis was 5 days, length of stay 15 days, with mortality rate of 35.30%. CMV infection and UDT were the most common associated anomalies. In conclusion, there is a significant increase in CHD incidence among neonates with ASD as the dominant type, relatively early diagnosis, but still high mortality.
Keywords: congenital heart disease; neonates; types of disease; acyanotic; cyanotic
Abstrak: Penyakit jantung bawaan (PJB) merupakan kelainan kongenital tersering pada neonatus dengan tingkat mortalitas tertinggi pada minggu pertama kehidupan. Penelitiann ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui profil PJB pada neonatus yang dirawat di Ruang Perawatan Intensif Neonatal RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado periode 2022-2024. Jenis penelitian ialah deskriptif retrospektif dengan desain potong lintang menggunakan data rekam medis neonatus dengan PJB. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan 762 kasus PJB dengan peningkatan insidensi sebesar 9,68% dari tahun 2022 ke 2023, dan sebesar 23,62% dari tahun 2023 ke 2024. Mayoritas pasien ialah laki-laki (59,58%), lahir secara sectio cesarea (71%), rujukan (59,32%), prematur (50%), dari kelompok ibu berusia 25 – 29 tahun (23,10%), dan dari kehamilan tunggal (93,83%). Jenis PJB asianotik mendominasi (98,23% pada single defect) dengan ASD sebagai jenis tersering (76,98%). Rerata usia diagnosis 5 hari, lama rawat inap 15 hari, dengan tingkat mortalitas 35,30%. Infeksi CMV dan UDT merupakan kelainan penyerta tersering. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah terdapat peningkatan signifikan kejadian PJB pada neonatus dengan ASD sebagai jenis dominan, dengan diagnosis relatif dini, namun mortalitas masih tinggi.
Kata kunci: penyakit jantung bawaan; neonates; tipe penyakit; asianotik; sianotik
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