e-CliniC https://ejournal.unsrat.ac.id/v3/index.php/eclinic <p>e-CliniC (eCl) diterbitkan oleh Perhimpunan Ahli Anatomi Indonesia bekerja sama dengan Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sam Ratulangi Manado. Jurnal ini diterbitkan 3 (tiga) kali setahun (Maret, Juli, dan November). Sejak tahun 2016 e-CliniC diterbitkan 2 (dua) kali setahun (Juni dan Desember). Sejak tahun 2023 e-CliniC telah diterbitkan kembali 3 (tiga) kali setahun (Maret, Juli, dan November).</p> Universitas Sam Ratulangi en-US e-CliniC 2337-5949 <p>COPYRIGHT</p> <p> </p> <p>Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:</p> <p>Authors hold their copyright and grant this journal the privilege of first publication, with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that permits others to impart the work with an acknowledgment of the work's origin and initial publication by this journal.</p> <p>Authors can enter into separate or additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (for example, post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its underlying publication in this journal.</p> <p>Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (for example, in institutional repositories or on their website) as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of the published work (See The Effect of Open Access).</p> Pengaruh Pemberian Bifosfonat terhadap Pasien dengan Fraktur Tulang Panjang Pasca Open Reduction Internal Fixation (ORIF) https://ejournal.unsrat.ac.id/v3/index.php/eclinic/article/view/49019 <p><strong>Abstract</strong>: Clinical, radiographic, and laboratory tests can be used to evaluate bone healing of fractured bone. This study aimed to analyze the impact of bisphosphonate medication on the prognosis of patients receiving open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) for long bone fractures. This was a randomized controlled trial study. Information was gathered prospectively, meaning that osteocalcin level was checked on each patient who fulfilled the study's eligibility requirements. The non-parametric Mann-Whitney test or the bivariate T test was the employed statistical test. Linear regression test was applied to multiple variables. The results showed that the average age of men and women was 36 years, with a 6:4 gender ratio. Patients were divided into two groups, namely the bisphosphonate and the control groups The average pre-ORIF osteocalcin level was 12 ng/mL. In comparison to controls, patients taking oral bisphosphonates had a slightly higher mean (12.9 vs 11.5 ng/mL; p=0.017). This difference maintained following ORIF, when the mean osteocalcin level in the bisphosphonate group increased to roughly 20 ng/mL whereas it was only 16 ng/mL in the control group (p=0.002). The callus index of the patients pre-ORIF did not significantly differ from the mediolateral or anteroposterior aspects. After ORIF, differences started to be noticed where both methods of measuring the callus index produced identical results for patients on oral bisphosphonates (median 1.2) and controls (median 1.1). In conclusion, administration of sodium bisphosphonate has an influence on patients experiencing long bone fractures and open reduction internal fixation (ORIF).</p> <p><strong>Keywords: </strong>long bone fracture; osteocalcin; callus; bisphosphonate</p> <p><strong> </strong></p> <p><strong>Abstrak:</strong> Penyembuhan tulang (<em>union</em>) dapat dinilai dari pemeriksaan klinis, radiologis, dan laboratorium. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh pemberian bifosfonat terhadap luaran pasien fraktur tulang panjang pasca<em> open reduction internal fixation</em> (ORIF). Jenis penelitian ialah studi <em>randomized controlled trial</em>. Informasi dikumpulkan secara prospektif, yaitu setiap pasien yang memenuhi kriteria penelitian diambil datanya dan diperiksa kadar osteokalsin. Uji bivariat yang digunakan ialah uji T atau uji non parametrik Mann–Whitney, serta uji multivariat menggunakan regresi linear. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan rasio laki-laki : perempuan sebesar 6:4 dengan rerata usia 36 tahun, yang dibagi atas kelompok bifosfonat dan kelompok kontrol. Kadar osteokalsin pra ORIF secara umum sekitar 12 ng/mL. Nilai rerata tersebut sedikit lebih tinggi pada kelonmpok bifosfonat dibandingkan kontrol (12,9 vs 11,5 ng/mL; p = 0,017). Perbedaan tersebut terus bertahan pasca ORIF di mana rerata kadar osteokalsin mencapai sekitar 20 ng/mL pada kelompok bifosfonat sedangkan kontrol 16 ng/mL (p=0,002). Indeks kalus para pasien sampel pra ORIF relatif tidak berbeda baik dilihat dari aspektus anteroposterior maupun mediolateral. Perbedaan mulai terdeteksi pasca ORIF di mana kedua pendekatan penilaian indeks kalus tersebut memberikan hasil yang sama untuk pasien dengan bifosfonat oral (median 1,2) maupun kontrol (median 1,1). Simpulan penelitian ini ialah pemberian natrium bifosfonat memiliki pengaruh terhadap pasien fraktur tulang panjang dengan<em> open reduction internal fixation</em> (ORIF).</p> <p><strong>Kata kunci: </strong>fraktur tulang panjang; osteokalsin; kalus; bifosfonat</p> Jessie I. Ijong Haryanto Sunaryo Rangga Rawung Copyright (c) 2024 Jessie I. Ijong, Haryanto Sunaryo, Rangga Rawung https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 2024-04-18 2024-04-18 12 3 251 257 10.35790/ecl.v12i3.49019 Gambaran Ultrasonografi Ginjal pada Penderita Penyakit Ginjal Kronis dengan Nefrolitiasis di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Periode Juli 2022 hingga Juli 2023 https://ejournal.unsrat.ac.id/v3/index.php/eclinic/article/view/53393 <p><strong>Abstract:</strong> Globally, chronic kidney disease (CKD) prevalence and mortality rate has increased in the past 27 years. One of the intrinsic etiologies of CKD is nephrolithiasis, making renal ultrasonography important for diagnosis. This study aimed to investigate the overview of renal ultrasonography in CKD patients with nephrolithiasis at Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital. This was a retrospective and descriptive study with a cross-sectional design using secondary data in the form of medical records of CKD patients with nephrolithiasis who were performed renal ultrasonography at Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital from July 2022 to July 2023 with the total sampling method. The results showed that from 76 patients analyzed, the predominance was found in 56-65 years old (36.8%), male (69.7%), 3rd severity grade of CKD (72.4%), and patients who did not undergo routine hemodialysis (61.8%). Most renal ultrasonography characteristics were normal size (61.8%), increased parenchymal echogenicity (84.2%), thinned cortex (52.6%), blurred corticomedullary echogenicity differentiation (77.6%), normal pelviocalyceal system (78.3%), and there were stones (62.5%) &lt;1 cm in size (35.5%) in the medius pole of the right kidney (30.3%) and the inferior pole of the left kidney (40.8%). In conclusion, CKD patients with nephrolithiasis were predominantly aged 56-65 years, male, classified as 3rd severity grade of CKD, and did not undergo routine hemodialysis.</p> <p><strong>Keywords:</strong> chronic kidney disease; nephrolithiasis; renal ultrasonography</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Abstrak:</strong> Secara global, prevalensi penyakit ginjal kronis (PGK) dan angka kematian meningkat dalam kurun waktu 27 tahun terakhir. Salah satu etiologi intrinsik PGK ialah nefrolitiasis. Pemeriksaan ultrasonografi (USG) ginjal penting dilakukan untuk mendiagnosis penyakit ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran USG ginjal pada penderita PGK dengan nefrolitiasis di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif retrospektif dengan desain potong lintang menggunakan data sekunder berupa rekam medis pasien PGK dengan nefrolitiasis yang melakukan pemeriksaan USG ginjal di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou pada Juli 2022 hingga Juli 2023 dengan metode <em>total sampling</em>. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan 76 pasien PGK sebagai sampel yang didominasi kelompok usia 56−65 tahun (36,8%), jenis kelamin laki-laki (69,7%), pasien yang tidak menjalani hemodialisis rutin (61,8%), dan derajat keparahan 3 (72,4%). Gambaran USG ginjal didominasi oleh ukuran normal (61,8%), ekogenisitas parenkim meningkat (84,2%), korteks menipis (52,6%), batas ekogenisitas kortikomedular mengabur (77,6%), sistem pelviokalises normal (78,3%), dan terdapat batu (62,5%) berukuran &lt;1 cm (35,5%) di <em>pole</em> medius pada ginjal kanan (30,3%) dan <em>pole</em> inferior pada ginjal kiri (40,8%). Simpulan penelitian ini adalah penderita PGK dengan nefrolitiasis didominasi oleh kelompok usia 56−65 tahun, laki-laki, derajat keparahan 3, dan tidak menjalani hemodialisis rutin.</p> <p><strong>Kata kunci: </strong>nefrolitiasis; penyakit ginjal kronis; ultrasonografi ginjal</p> Natalie G. E. Tombokan Alfa G. E. Y. Rondo Martin L. Simanjuntak Copyright (c) 2024 Natalie G. E. Tombokan, Alfa G. E. Y. Rondo, Martin L. Simanjuntak https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 2024-05-28 2024-05-28 12 3 258 264 10.35790/ecl.v12i3.53393 Gambaran Ultrasonografi Ginjal pada Penderita Penyakit Ginjal Kronis dengan Hipertensi di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Periode Juli 2022 – Juli 2023 https://ejournal.unsrat.ac.id/v3/index.php/eclinic/article/view/53469 <p><strong>Abstract:</strong> Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has become a serious health issue and is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Hypertension is one of the common underlying causes and comorbidities of CKD. Prolonged hypertension can worsen kidney function and lead to CKD. This study aimed to obtain an overview of renal ultrasonography in CKD patients with hypertension at Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital from July 2022 to July 2023. This was a retrospective and descriptive study with a cross-sectional design using secondary data in the form of patient medical records. The results showed that from 80 CKD patients with hypertension, the highest percentages were in age group over 65 years (37.5%), male (53.8%), and did not undergo hemodialysis (61.3%). The predominant severity level was stage 2 with the most common features found were normal size, increased parenchymal echogenicity, normal cortical thickness, maintained corticomedullary differentiation, normal pelviocalyceal systems, and renal cyst findings. In conclusion, the majority of CKD patients with hypertension were males, aged over 65 years, did not undergo hemodialysis, and in the severity level of grade 2.</p> <p><strong>Keywords:</strong> ultrasonography; chronic kidney disease; hypertension</p> <p><strong> </strong></p> <p><strong>Abstrak:</strong> Penyakit ginjal kronis (PGK) menjadi permasalahan kesehatan yang serius dan merupakan salah satu penyebab utama kematian di seluruh dunia. Hipertensi merupakan salah satu penyebab dan juga penyakit penyerta yang paling umum dari PGK. Hipertensi berkelanjutan dapat menyebabkan fungsi ginjal memburuk dan berujung pada PGK. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran ultrasonografi (USG) ginjal pada penderita PGK dengan hipertensi di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou periode Juli 2022 – Juli 2023. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif retrospektif dengan desain potong lintang yang menggunakan data sekunder berupa rekam medik pasien. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan 80 pasien PGK dengan hipertensi di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou, didominasi oleh kelompok usia di atas 65 tahun (37,5%), jenis kelamin laki-laki (53,8%), dan yang tidak menjalani tindakan hemodialisis (61,3%). Derajat keparahan terbanyak yaitu derajat 2 dengan karakteristik gambaran USG yang paling sering yaitu ukuran normal, ekogenisitas parenkim meningkat, ketebalan korteks normal, batas <em>echo</em> korteks medula jelas, sistem pelviokalises normal, dan temuan kista. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah mayoritas pasien PGK dengan hipertensi ialah laki-laki, usia di atas 65 tahun, tidak melakukan hemodialisis. serta keparahan derajat 2.</p> <p><strong>Kata kunci:</strong> ultrasonografi; penyakit ginjal kronis; hipertensi</p> Beatrix A. N. Rori Yovana P. M. Mamesah Joan F. J. Timban Copyright (c) 2024 Beatrix A. N. Rori, Yovana P. M. Mamesah, Joan F. J. Timban https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 2024-05-29 2024-05-29 12 3 265 270 10.35790/ecl.v12i3.53469 Prevalensi Kelainan Refraksi pada Anak Remaja Kelas X di SMA Rex Mundi Manado https://ejournal.unsrat.ac.id/v3/index.php/eclinic/article/view/53529 <p><strong>Abstract:</strong> Uncorrected refractive errors are a leading cause of vision impairment across all age groups. In Indonesia, adolescents aged 15-18 years face the risk of eye health issues due to excessive use of electronic devices, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to obtain the prevalence of refractive errors among adolescents. This was a quantitative and descriptive study using a cross-sectional design. Subjects were tenth-grade students at SMA Rex Mundi Manado. selected through total sampling. The results showed that there were 225 subjects who underwent refractive error screening and met the inclusion criteria. Out of 225 subjects, 176 had emmetropia (normal vision) and 49 had ametropia (refractive errors). The most common type of refractive error was astigmatism, followed by myopia; no subjects had hyperopia. In conclusion, the majority of tenth-grade adolescents have normal vision (emmetropia). Among all subjects, astigmatism is the most prevalent refractive error, followed by myopia.</p> <p><strong>Keywords:</strong> refractive errors; myopia; astigmatism; adolescents</p> <p><strong> </strong></p> <p><strong> </strong><strong>Abstrak:</strong> Kelainan refraksi yang tidak terkoreksi menjadi penyebab utama gangguan penglihatan pada semua kelompok usia. Di Indonesia, remaja usia 15-18 tahun menghadapi risiko kesehatan mata akibat penggunaan perangkat elektronik berlebihan, terutama selama masa pandemi COVID-19. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk untuk mengetahui prevalensi kelainan refraksi pada anak remaja. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif dengan desain potong lintang. Subjek penelitian ini diambil dengan <em>total sampling</em> yaitu siswa kelas X di SMA Rex Mundi Manado yang mengikuti skrining kelainan refraksi dan memenuhi kriteria inklusi, yaitu sebesar 225 responden. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan sebanyak 176 siswa dengan emetropia dan 49 siswa ametropia. Jenis kelainan refraksi terbanyak ialah astigmatisme, diikuti dengan miopia ringan; tidak didapatkan siswa yang mengalami hipermetropia. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah mayoritas remaja kelas X memiliki status refraksi emetropia. Di antara seluruh subjek penelitian, prevalensi kelainan refraksi terbanyak ialah astigmatisme, diikuti dengan miopia ringan</p> <p><strong>Kata kunci</strong>: kelainan refraksi; miopia; astigmatisme; remaja</p> Angeline J. Putri Anne M. S. Umboh Imelda H. M. Najoan Copyright (c) 2024 Angeline J. Putri, Anne M. S. Umboh, Imelda H. M. Najoan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 2024-05-29 2024-05-29 12 3 271 276 10.35790/ecl.v12i3.53529 Identifikasi Pola Bakteri dan Uji Sensitivitas Antibiotik di Poli Infeksi dan Imunologi Rumah Sakit Mata Provinsi Sulawesi Utara https://ejournal.unsrat.ac.id/v3/index.php/eclinic/article/view/53539 <p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Infections that occur in hospitals can be caused by bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Infections that occur in hospitals in less than 48-72 hours after the patient is admitted to the hospital are called Healthcare Associated Infections (HAIs) or commonly known as nosocomial infections. Transmission of nosocomial infections is usually through direct contact, droplets, and through health workers in the hospital, as well as through tools or media in the hospital. This study aimed to determine bacterial patterns and sensitivity tests in the infection and immunology poly of the North Sulawesi Provincial Eye Hospital. This was an observational and descriptive study with a cross-sectional design to identify bacterial patterns and sensitivity tests in the infection and immunology poly of the North Sulawesi Provincial Eye Hospital. The collection of 10 samples was carried out in the poly infection and immunology. The results obtained four types of bacteria, namely: <em>Staphylococcus </em>sp<em>, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus </em>sp, and <em>Streptococcus </em>sp. In conclusion, the four types of bacteria are sensitive to meropenem and resistant to erythromycin.</p> <p><strong>Keywords: </strong>nosocomial infection; bacterial identification; sensitivity test</p> <p><strong> </strong></p> <p><strong>Abstrak: </strong>Infeksi yang terjadi di rumah sakit dapat disebabkan oleh bakteri, virus, dan jamur. Infeksi yang terjadi di rumah sakit dalam waktu kurang dari 48-72 jam setelah pasien dirawat ke rumah sakit disebut <em>Healthcare Associated Infection </em>(HAIs) atau biasa dikenal dengan sebutan infeksi nosokomial. Penularan infeksi nosokomial biasanya melalui kontak langsung, <em>droplet</em>, dan melalui tenaga Kesehatan yang ada di rumah sakit, serta melalui alat-alat atau media di rumah sakit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pola bakteri dan uji sensitivitas di poli infeksi dan imunologi Rumah Sakit Mata Provinsi Sulawesi Utara. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif observasional dengan desain potong lintang untuk mengidentifikasi pola bakteri dan uji sensitivitas di poli infeksi dan imunologi Rumah Sakit Mata Provinsi Sulawesi Utara. Pengambilan 10 sampel dilakukan di poli infeksi dan imunologi. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan empat jenis bakteri yaitu: <em>Staphylococcus </em>sp<em>, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus </em>sp<em>, </em>dan<em> Streptococcus </em>sp<em>.</em> Simpulan penelitian ini ialah keempat bakteri ini sensitif dengan meropenem dan resisten dengan <em>erythromycin</em>.</p> <p><strong>Kata kunci</strong>: infeksi nosokomial; identifikasi bakteri; uji sensitivitas</p> Lewis F. Matandung Fredine E. S. Rares Olivia A. Waworuntu Copyright (c) 2024 Lewis F. Matandung, Fredine E. S. Rares, Olivia A. Waworuntu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 2024-07-30 2024-07-30 12 3 277 282 10.35790/ecl.v12i3.53539 Fraktur Komunitif Angulus – Korpus Mandibula dengan Pemasangan Titanium Miniplate dan Srew: Laporan Kasus https://ejournal.unsrat.ac.id/v3/index.php/eclinic/article/view/51821 <p><strong>Abstract</strong>: Communitive fracture of the mandible is quite complicated to achieve good results with the use of titanium miniplates and screws. The challenges faced start from tips and tricks for placing non-rigid miniplate and screw fixation. There are two methods in performing mandibular communitive fracture surgery, namely closed reduction and open reduction. We reported a case of a 19-year-old male referred to Prof. Dr. R. Kandou Hospital, Manado, with open right mandible fracture. The patient was diagnosed with mild head injury, cerebral edema, skull base fracture, communitive fracture of mandibular angulus and corpus, non-displaced maxillary zygoma fracture, and palatal dental sagittal fracture. The patient underwent open reduction surgery with internal fixation using titanium miniplates and screws, and was re-evaluated in the first week after surgery up to three weeks after surgery. The patient's functional chewing and mouth opening were within normal limits. There were no complications such as infection or nerve lesions. In conclusion, communitive mandibular fracture using an open reduction technique with titanium miniplate and screw internal fixation gives satisfactory result.</p> <p><strong>Keywords</strong>: communitive mandibular fracture; open reduction; dental occlusion</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Abstrak</strong>: Fraktur komunitif mandibula merupakan kasus yang cukup rumit untuk mencapai hasil yang baik dengan penggunaan <em>titanium miniplate </em>dan<em> screw</em>. Tantangan yang dihadapi mulai dari tips dan trik penempatan fiksasi <em>miniplate</em> dan <em>screw</em> yang tidak rigid. Terdapat dua metode dalam melakukan operasi fraktur komunitif mandibula, yaitu reduksi tertutup dan reduksi terbuka. Kami melaporkan kasus seorang laki-laki 19 tahun dirujuk ke RSUP Prof. Dr. R. Kandou, Manado dengan patah tulang dagu kanan terbuka. Pasien didiagnosis dengan cedera kepala ringan, edema serebri, fraktur basis krani, fraktur angulus - korpus mandibula dekstra komunitif, fraktur zigoma pars maksilaris dekstra <em>non-displaced</em>, dan fraktur sagital dental palatal. Pasien dilakukan operasi reduksi terbuka dengan fiksasi internal. Evaluasi dilakukan pada minggu pertama paska operasi, hingga tiga minggu paska operasi. Didapatkan fungsional mengunyah dan membuka mulut pasien ini dalam batas normal, serta tidak didapatkan komplikasi seperti infeksi maupun lesi saraf. Simpulan kasus ini ialah fraktur mandibula komunitif dengan teknik reduksi terbuka dan fiksasi internal <em>titanium miniplate </em>dan<em> screw</em> memberikan hasil yang memuaskan.</p> <p><strong>Kata kunci</strong>: fraktur mandibula komunitif; reduksi terbuka; oklusi dental</p> Riston R. Sitompul Nico Lumintang Sherly Tandililing Copyright (c) 2024 Riston R. Sitompul, Nico Lumintang, Sherly Tandililing https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 2024-08-08 2024-08-08 12 3 283 287 10.35790/ecl.v12i3.51821 Development and Validation of a Scoring System for Predicting Complications of Pancreatitis in Patients with Post Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography https://ejournal.unsrat.ac.id/v3/index.php/eclinic/article/view/51815 <p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Post ERCP pancreatitis (PEP) is the most common complication of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) with significant morbidity and mortality rates. Several factors are associated with the occurrence of PEP. There are several methods available to predict such complications, however, they are not yet valid and need some improvement. This study aimed to obtain a scoring system to predict the incidence of post ERCP pancreatitis. This was a retrospective study using medical records of patients who underwent ERCP at Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital from 2017 to 2023. The results obtained 372 patients as samples. Gender, previous history of ERCP, cannulation attempt ≥5 times, pancreatogram, double wire technique, EPBD, and pancreatic duct stent failure were independently associated with PEP and included in the model, which achieved AUC 96.7%, sensitivity 95.0% and specificity 89.8%. In conclusion, a predictive scoring system to assess the incidence of post ERCP pancreatitis (PEP) using seven risk factors related to patient, procedure, operator, and technique is used to aid early identification of PEP and therapeutic intervention. This scoring system is simple and easy to use, and has high area under curve (AUC), sensitivity, and specificity.</p> <p><strong>Keywords</strong>: endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP); post ERCP pancreatitis; scoring system</p> Leonard A. Melatunan Toar D. B. Mambu Michael Tendean Fredrik G. L. Langi Copyright (c) 2024 Leonard A. Melatunan, Toar D. B. Mambu, Michael Tendean, Fredrik G. L. Langi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 2024-08-13 2024-08-13 12 3 288 298 10.35790/ecl.v12i3.51815 Karakteristik Pasien Operasi Tonsilektomi di RSUP Prof Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado Periode Januari 2020 – Oktober 2023 https://ejournal.unsrat.ac.id/v3/index.php/eclinic/article/view/53540 <p><strong>Abstract:</strong> Chronic tonsillitis is a recurrent inflammation of the tonsils that can affect the patient’s quality of life. Tonsillectomy is the surgical removal of the palatine tonsil and its capsule, which is performed according to indications and the Paradise criteria. This study aimed to obtain the characteristics of patients who underwent tonsillectomy at Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital Manado from January 2020 to October 2023. This was a descriptive and retrospective study with a cross-sectional design. The results obtained a total population of 66 patients who underwent tonsillectomy surgery from January 2020 – October 2023, however, only 57 patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Patients undergoing tonsillectomy were dominated by the teenager age group, 12-25 years (70.2%), male gender (50.9%), students (33.3%), the main complaint was recurrent painful swallowing (45.6%), tonsil size T3-T3 (29.8%), treated for 3-5 days (73.7%), and complication of painful swallowing (91.2%). In conclusion, the characteristics of patients who underwent tonsillectomy surgery were in age range of 12-25 years, male gender, occupation as student, main complaint as history of recurrent painful swallowing, had tonsil size T3-T3, length of hospitalization of 3-5 days, and complication of painful swallowing.</p> <p><strong>Keywords</strong>: tonsilitis; tonsillectomy; characteristics of patients</p> <p><strong> </strong></p> <p><strong>Abstrak:</strong> Tonsilitis kronis merupakan radang pada tonsil yang terjadi berulang sehingga dapat berdampak pada kualitas hidup pasien. Tonsilektomi merupakan tindakan pembedahan dengan mengangkat tonsil palatina secara menyeluruh beserta kapsulnya sesuai indikasi dan kriteria Paradise. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan karakteristik pasien yang menjalani tonsilektomi di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado periode Januari 2020 hingga Oktober 2023. Jenis penelitian ialah retrospektif deskriptif dengan desain potong lintang<em>. </em>Hasil penelitian mendapatkan sebanyak 66 pasien yang menjalani tonsilektomi periode Januari 2020 – Oktober 2023; 57 pasien yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Distribusi pasien yang menjalani operasi tonsilektomi didominasi oleh golongan usia remaja yaitu 12-25 (70,2%), jenis kelamin (50,9%), pekerjaan pelajar/mahasiswa (33,3%), keluhan utama riwayat nyeri menelan berulang (45,6%), ukuran tonsil T3-T3 (29,8%), dirawat inap 3-5 hari (73,7%), dan komplikasi nyeri menelan (91,2%). Simpulan penelitian ini ialah karakteristik pasien yang menjalani operasi tonsilektomi ialah rentang usia 12-25 tahun, jenis kelamin laki-laki, pekerjaan sebagai pelajar/mahasiswa, dengan keluhan utama berupa riwayat nyeri menelan berulang, ukuran tonsil T3-T3, lama hari dirawat di rentang 3-5 hari, dan memiliki komplikasi nyeri menelan.</p> <p><strong>Kata kunci</strong>: tonsilitis; tonsilektomi; karakteristik pasien</p> Grace Kelly Rizki R. Najoan Steward K. Mengko Copyright (c) 2024 Grace Kelly, Rizki R. Najoan, Steward K. Mengko https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 2024-09-29 2024-09-29 12 3 299 305 10.35790/ecl.v12i3.53540 Identifikasi Pola Bakteri dan Uji Sensitivitas Antibiotik di Ruang Intensive Care Unit RSU GMIM Pancaran Kasih Manado https://ejournal.unsrat.ac.id/v3/index.php/eclinic/article/view/53546 <p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Nosocomial infections or Healthcare Associated Infections (HAIs) are infections acquired during the process of receiving health care in hospitals, which appear within &gt;48 hours. Patients in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) are twice as likely to contract nosocomial infections compared to the general hospital population, with a fairly high and increasing burden of antimicrobial resistance. This study aimed to identify bacterial patterns and antibiotic sensitivity tests of bacteria in the ICU of RSU GMIM Pancaran Kasih Manado. This was a descriptive study with a cross sectional design. Bacterial pattern identification was performed on 10 samples, then samples were cultured in <em>nutrient agar</em> and Mac Conkey at the Laboratorium Mikrobiologi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sam Ratulangi. Identification of bacteria was conducted using the Gram stain. The results obtained <em>Bacillus </em>sp. (42%); <em>Staphylococcus</em> sp. (33%); <em>Neisseria </em>sp. (17%); and<em> Staphylococcus</em> <em>aureus</em> (8%). All bacteria were sensitive to amikacin, and nearly all of them were resistant to ceftriazone except <em>Bacillus</em> sp and <em>Staphylococcus</em> sp. In conclusion, the most common bacteria at the Intensive Care Unit of RSU GMIM Pancaran Kasih Manado is <em>Bacillus</em> sp. which is sensitive to amikacin and meropenem, but it is resistant to ampicilin.</p> <p><strong>Keywords: </strong>bacterial pattern; nosocomial infection; antibiotic sensitivity test</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Abstrak: </strong>Infeksi nosokomial (<em>Healtcare Associated Infections - </em>HAIs) adalah infeksi yang diperoleh selama proses menerima perawatan kesehatan di rumah sakit, yang muncul dalam waktu &gt;48 jam. Pasien di <em>Intensive Care Unit</em> (ICU) dua kali lebih berisiko tertular infeksi nosokomial dibandingkan dengan populasi rumah sakit umumnya dengan beban resistensi antimikroba di ICU yang cukup tinggi dan terus meningkat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi pola bakteri yang ditemukan dan uji sensitivitas antibiotik pada bakteri di ruang ICU RSU GMIM Pancaran Kasih Manado. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dan desain potong lintang. Identifikasi pola bakteri dilakukan pada 10 sampel, kemudian dikultur menggunakan <em>nutrient agar</em> dan Mac Conkey di Laboratorium Mikrobiologi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sam Ratulangi, dan identifikasi bakteri dengan pewarnaan Gram. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan bakteri <em>Bacillus </em>sp. (42%); <em>Staphylococcus</em> sp. (33%); <em>Neisseria </em>sp. (17%); serta<em> Staphylococcus</em> <em>aureus</em> (8%). Semua bakteri sensitif terhadap antibiotik amikacin dan hampir semua bakteri resisten terhadap antibiotik ceftriazone kecuali <em>Bacillus</em> sp dan <em>Staphylococcus</em> sp. Simpulan penelitian ini yaitu bakteri terbanyak yang ditemukan di Ruang ICU ialah <em>Bacillus</em> sp. yang sensitif terhadap amikacin dan meropenem, namun resisten terhadap ampicilin.</p> <p><strong>Kata kunci: </strong>pola bakteril infeksi nosokomiall; uji kepekaan antibiotik</p> Bellanty C. Togas Heriyannis Homenta Fredine E. S. Rares Copyright (c) 2024 Bellanty C. Togas, Heriyannis Homenta, Fredine E. S. Rares https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 2024-09-29 2024-09-29 12 3 306 311 10.35790/ecl.v12i3.53546 Profil Pasien Cedera Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) yang Menjalani Rekonstruksi ACL di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado https://ejournal.unsrat.ac.id/v3/index.php/eclinic/article/view/53583 <p><strong>Abstract</strong>: Knee injuries are among the most common sports-related injuries experienced by athletes. One of the frequently encountered knee injury is anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear. This study aimed to obtain the profile of patients with ACL injuries whor underwent ACL reconstruction at Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital, Manado. This was a descriptive study with a retrospective-prospective method, using secondary data. The results obtained 16 patients who met the inclusion criteria. The incidence of ACL injuries was the highest in males (81.25%) aged 17-25 years (68.75%). The most common cause of ACL injuries was sports activities (81.25%), and many patients were classified as having first-degree obesity (37.5%). ACL injuries often occurred with meniscal injuries (56.25%). The most commonly used graft was the Hamstring (semi T) graft (43.75%). Patients typically presented within 1-6 months of the injury onset (68.75%), and the majority of knee functional outcomes were categorized as moderate (43.75%). In conclusion, anterior cruciate ligament injuries most often occur in men, aged 17-25 years. Sports activities and obesity are more at risk of ACL injury. Most ACL injuries are associated with meniscus injuries, and onsets of 1-6 months. The operative management graft that is often used is the Hamstring graft, with functional results in the middle category.</p> <p><strong>Keywords</strong>: anterior cruciate ligament injury; reconstruction; graft operative management</p> <p><strong> </strong></p> <p><strong> </strong><strong>Abstrak</strong>: Cedera lutut merupakan salah satu cedera olahraga yang paling banyak dialami oleh atlet; salah satunya yang sering dijumpai ialah robekan <em>anterior cruciate ligament</em> (ACL). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui profil pasien cedera ACL yang menjalani rekonstruksi ACL di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado. Jenis penelitian ialah deskriptif dengan pendekatan retrospektif prospektif menggunakan data sekunder. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan 16 pasien yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Insiden cedera ACL paling banyak terjadi pada laki-laki (81,25%), kelompok usia 17-25 tahun (68,75%), penyebab cedera karena aktivitas olahraga (81,25%), dan pasien kategori obesitas derajat 1 (37,5%). ACL sering terjadi dengan adanya cedera meniskus (56,25%), <em>graft</em> yang paling sering digunakan yaitu <em>graft</em> Hamstring (semi T) (43,75%). Sebagian besar pasien datang dengan onset kejadian 1-6 bulan (68,75%) dengan hasil fungsional lutut kategori menengah (43,75%). Simpulan penelitian ini ialah cedera ACL sering terjadi pada laki-laki berusia 17-25 tahun. Aktivitas olahraga dan obesitas berisiko terjadinya cedera ACL. Mayoritas cedera ACL berhubungan dengan cedera meniskus, onset sebagian besar pasien cedera ACL ialah 1-6 bulan, penatalaksanaan operatif dengan <em>graft</em> Hamstring, dengan luaran hasil fungsional kategori sedang.</p> <p><strong>Kata kunci</strong>: cedera <em>anterior cruciate ligament</em>; rekonstruksi; <em>g</em><em>raft</em> penatalaksanaan operatif</p> Rangga B. V. Rawung Indah Meylia Angelica M. J. Wagiu Copyright (c) 2024 Rangga B. V. Rawung, Indah Meylia, Angelica M. J. Wagiu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 2024-09-29 2024-09-29 12 3 312 317 10.35790/ecl.v12i3.53583 Profil pasien refluks laringofaring di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado https://ejournal.unsrat.ac.id/v3/index.php/eclinic/article/view/53653 <p><strong>Abstract</strong>: Diagnosis of laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) requires a clinical history based on clinical symptoms (<em>Reflux Symptom Index </em>- RSI) and laryngeal examination (<em>Reflux Finding Score - </em>RFS) due to its nonspecific symptoms and laryngoscopic signs do not always correlate with the severity of symptoms. This study aimed to obtain the profile of patients with LPR at Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital. This was a retrospective and descriptive study using medical records of LPR patients at Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital during the period 2020-2022. The results showed that the majority of LPR patients were females (57.6%), aged 41-65 years and occupation as housewife. The most commonly experienced complaints were difficulty in swallowing (36.3%) and feeling of throat tightness (25,0%). The most frequent endoscopic finding was erythema/hyperemia of the arytenoids (36.8%). In conclusion, laryngo-pharyngeal reflux is often experienced by females aged 41-65 years, occupation as housewife. The most common complaints are difficulty in swallowing and feeling of throat tightness. Erythema/hyperemia of the arytenoid has the highest percentage in endoscopic finding.</p> <p><strong>Keywords</strong>: laryngopharyngeal reflux; patient profile</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Abstrak:</strong> Dalam mendiagnosis refluks laring faring (RLF), diperlukan anamnesis berdasarkan gejala klinis (<em>Reflux Symptom Index </em>- RSI) dan pemeriksaan laring (<em>Reflux Finding Score - </em>RFS) karena gejalanya tidak spesifik dan tanda laringoskopi tidak selalu sesuai dengan tingkat keparahan gejala. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan profil pasien RLF di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado. Jenis penelitian ialah deskriptif retrospektif menggunakan data pasien yang tercatat di Instalasi Rekam Medis RSUP Prof. Dr. R.D. Kandou Manado periode 2020 hingga 2022. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan bahwa mayoritas pasien RLF ialah perempuan (57,6%) dengan usia 41-65 tahun. Distribusi pekerjaan menunjukkan jumlah pasien tertinggi ialah ibu rumah tangga. Keluhan yang paling sering dialami ialah sulit menelan (36,3%) dan rasa mengganjal pada leher (25,0%). Temuan endoskopi paling sering ialah eritema/hiperemis aritenoid (36,8%). Simpulan penelitian ini ialah refluks laring faring sering dialami oleh perempuan pada usia 41-65 tahun, dengan pekerjaan sebagai ibu rumah tangga. Keluhan paling sering ialah sulit menelan dan rasa mengganjal di tenggorokan. Distribusi tertinggi pasien refluks laring faring berdasarkan kondisi laring ialah eritema/hiperemis aritenoid.</p> <p><strong>Kata kunci: </strong>refluks laringofaring; profil pasien</p> Maureen Runtung Olivia C. P. Pelealu Valentini M. Pontoh Copyright (c) 2024 Maureen Runtung, Olivia C. P. Pelealu , Valentini M. Pontoh https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 2024-10-02 2024-10-02 12 3 318 323 10.35790/ecl.v12i3.53653 Identifikasi Pola Bakteri dan Uji Sensitivitas Antibiotik di Kamar Bedah Mata Rumah Sakit Mata Provinsi Sulawesi Utara https://ejournal.unsrat.ac.id/v3/index.php/eclinic/article/view/53622 <p><strong>Abstract</strong>: Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are infections of pathogenic microorganisms into the human body within 48-72 hours after a patient's hospital admission. These infections are commonly attributed to ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), surgical site infections (SSI), central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI), and catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI). Increased HAI cases is also associated with an increase in Multiple Drug-Resistant (MDR) strains due to inappropriate antibiotic selection for treating diseases resulting from HAIs. This study aimed to identify bacterial patterns and sensitivity tests at the ophthalmic surgical room of Rumah Sakit Mata Provinsi Sulawesi Utara. Thus was an observational and descriptive study with a cross-sectional design. The results showed seven <em>Bacillus</em> sp., four <em>Staphylococcus</em> sp., and one <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>. Sensitivity tests using 18 types of antibiotics revealed antibiotic resistance patterns of the identified bacteria: seven strains of XDR in <em>Bacillus</em> sp., four strains of MDR in Staphylococcus sp., and the presence of Methicillin-Resistant <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> (MRSA). In conclusion, <em>Bacillus</em> sp. is the most abundant bacteria found. <em>Bacillus</em> sp. is sensitive to the antibiotic meropenem, while it is resistant to ceftriaxone and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim.</p> <p><strong>Keywords:</strong> healthcare-associated infections; identification of bacteria; antibiotic sensitivity test</p> <p><strong> </strong><strong> </strong></p> <p><strong>Abstrak: </strong><em>Healthcare-associated infections</em> (HAIs) adalah infeksi mikroorganisme patogen ke dalam tubuh manusia yang terjadi 48-72 jam setelah pasien masuk rumah sakit, umumnya disebabkan oleh <em>ventilator-related pneumonia</em> (VAP), <em>surgical site infections</em> (SSI), <em>central line associated blood stream infections</em> (CLABSI), dan <em>catheter-associated urinary tract infections</em> (CAUTI). Peningkatan kasus HAIs sejalan dengan peningkatan <em>multiple drug-resistant</em> (MDR) karena ketidaktepatan pemilihan antibiotik dalam mengobati HAIs. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi pola bakteri dan uji sensitivitas antibiotik di kamar bedah mata Rumah Sakit Mata Provinsi Sulawesi Utara. Jenis penelitian ialah observasional deskriptif dengan desain potong lintang. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan <em>Bacillus</em> sp. tujuh bakteri, <em>Staphylococcus</em> sp. empat bakteri, dan <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> satu bakteri. Uji sensitivitas terhadap 18 antibiotik menunjukkan gambaran resistensi, yaitu: <em>Bacillus</em> sp. terdapat tujuh bakteri <em>Extensively Drug-Resistant</em> (XDR), <em>Staphylococcus</em> sp. terdapat empat bakteri MDR, dan <em>Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus</em> (MRSA). Simpulan penelitian ini, yaitu: <em>Bacillus</em> sp., merupakan bakteri terbanyak yang ditemukan. <em>Bacillus</em> sp. sensitif terhadap antibiotik <em>meropenem</em> namun resisten terhadap antibiotik <em>ceftriaxone</em>, dan <em>s</em><em>ulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim</em>.</p> <p><strong>Kata kunci: </strong><em>healthcare-associated infections</em>; identifikasi bakteri; uji sensitivitas antibiotik</p> Estelina I. Benjamin Heriyannis Homenta Olivia A. Waworuntu Copyright (c) 2024 Estelina I. Benjamin, Heriyannis Homenta, Olivia A. Waworuntu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 2024-10-02 2024-10-02 12 3 324 329 10.35790/ecl.v12i3.53622 Profil Penyakit Jantung Bawaan di Bagian Ilmu Kesehatan Anak RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado Periode September 2022 – Agustus 2023 https://ejournal.unsrat.ac.id/v3/index.php/eclinic/article/view/55352 <p><strong>Abstract:</strong> Congenital heart disease (CHD) is a congenital heart defect that occurs during the heart development period of 3-8 weeks gestational age. This disease is divided into two categories, non-cyanotic CHD and cyanotic CHD. This study aimed to determine the profile of CHD in the Pediatric Department of Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital Manado from September 2022 to August 2023. This was a retrospective and descriptive study using patients’ medical records during the period September 2022 - August 2023. The results obtained 94 patients with a mean age of 3.6 years, most of them were &gt;5 years old (35.1%), consisting of males (53.2%) and females (46.8%). Asianotic CHD (78.7%) was the most common CHD found, and the majority of patients had good nutritional status (59.6%). In conclusion, congenital heart disease in children is most common in males, with asianotic type, and good nutritional status.</p> <p><strong>Keywords:</strong> congenital heart disease; pediatric patients</p> <p><em> </em><em> </em></p> <p><strong>Abstrak:</strong> Penyakit jantung bawaan (PJB) merupakan kelainan sejak lahir pada jantung yang terjadi saat masa perkembangan jantung usia gestasi 3-8 minggu. Penyakit ini terbagi atas dua kategori yaitu PJB non sianotik dan PJB sianotik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui profil PJB di Bagian Ilmu Kesehatan Anak RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado periode September 2022 – Agustus 2023<strong>. </strong>Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif retrospektif dengan menggunakan rekam medik pasien selama periode September 2022 – Agustus 2023. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan 94 pasien PJB dengan rerata usia 3,6 tahun, terbanyak pada sebaran usia &gt;5 tahun (35,1%), jenis kelamin laki-laki (53,2%) dan perempuan (46,8%), Penyakit jantung bawaan asianotik (78,7%) merupakan kategori PJB terbanyak, dan mayoritas pasien memiliki status gizi baik (59,6%). Simpulan penelitian ini ialah penyakit jantung bawaan pada anak terbanyak berjenis kelamin laki-laki, jenis asianotik, dan memiliki status gizi baik.</p> <p><strong>Kata kunci: </strong>penyakit jantung bawaan; pasien anak</p> Aida K. Baksh David S. Waworuntu Adrian Umboh Copyright (c) 2024 Aida K. Baksh, David S. Waworuntu, Adrian Umboh https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 2024-10-06 2024-10-06 12 3 330 334 10.35790/ecl.v12i3.55352 Long-Term Outcomes of Cataract Surgery: Analysis of Visual Acuity and Intraocular Pressure in a Tertiary Care Center https://ejournal.unsrat.ac.id/v3/index.php/eclinic/article/view/58044 <p><strong>Abstract</strong>: Posterior capsule opacity (PCO) is a common complication following cataract surgery, caused by the proliferation of residual lens epithelial cells. This study aimed to evaluate the long-term effects of Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy on intraocular pressure (IOP) and visual acuity in PCO patients. This was a retrospective descriptive study. Samples were 24 patients diagnosed with PCO who underwent Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy at Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital, Manado, from January 1, 2022, to January 1, 2024. The study recorded pre- and post-procedure IOP and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) data. Descriptive analysis, including paired t-tests, was used to assess changes in IOP and BCVA over an average follow-up period of 19.2 months. The results showed a statistically significant improvement in BCVA (p=0.000), with mean values improving from 0.72 to 0.27 LogMAR. A significant reduction in IOP was also observed (p=0.015), with long-term IOP remaining stable. A weak correlation was found between follow-up duration and IOP variation (p=0.02). In conclusion, Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy significantly improves visual acuity and stabilizes intraocular pressure in the long term for PCO patients, suggesting its effectiveness in managing post-cataract surgery complications.</p> <p><strong>Keywords</strong>: posterior capsule opacity; Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy; intraocular pressure; visual acuity; cataract surgery</p> <p> </p> <p> </p> Ade J. Nursalim Vera Sumual Andrew Chietra Ardelia Emily Richardo Rusli Copyright (c) 2024 Ade J. Nursalim, Vera Sumual, Andrew Chietra, Ardelia Emily, Richardo Rusli https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 2024-10-20 2024-10-20 12 3 335 340 10.35790/ecl.v12i3.58044 Pengaruh Intervensi Pill Box terhadap Kepatuhan Minum Obat dan Luaran Klinis pada Pasien Lanjut Usia dengan Penyakit Hipertensi https://ejournal.unsrat.ac.id/v3/index.php/eclinic/article/view/58383 <p><strong>Abstract</strong>: The prevalence of hypertension increases with age. One of the keys to effective hypertension therapy is adherence. There are several ways to improve medication adherence, one of which is by using pill boxes. This study aimed to determine the effect of pill box intervention on the level of medication adherence and clinical outcomes among geriatric patients with hypertension at the Imanuel Clinic Manado. This was an experimental analytical study with randomized controlled trial (RCT) using pre-test and post-test control group design. Data were obtained prospectively in the period of July to August 2024 with a sample size of 60 respondents (30 intervention and 30 control). The level of adherence was assessed using MMAS-8 questionnaire and data of clinical outcomes were obtained from systolic and diastolic blood pressures. The measurement was preceded before and after treatment. The data were analyzed statistically using bivariate analysis. A p-value of &lt;0.05 was considered statistically significant. The result showed that the pill box intervention had a significant effect on the level of medication adherence (p=0.001). Meanwhile, there was no effect of pill box intervention on clinical outcomes (p=1.000) because as many as 60 patients (100%) had reached the target blood pressure before and after treatment. In conclusion, using pill box can increase medication adherence in geriatric patients with hypertensive disease.</p> <p><strong>Keywords: </strong>geriatric patients; hypertension; pill box; medication adherence; clinical outcome</p> <p><strong> </strong><strong> </strong></p> <p><strong>Abstrak</strong>: Prevalensi hipertensi semakin meningkat seiring bertambahnya usia. Salah satu kunci keberhasilan terapi hipertensi ialah kepatuhan. Terdapat beberapa cara meningkatkan kepatuhan minum obat, salah satunya dengan menggunakan <em>pill box</em>. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian intervensi <em>pill box</em> terhadap tingkat kepatuhan minum obat dan luaran klinis pada pasien lanjut usia (lansia) dengan penyakit hipertensi di Klinik Imanuel Manado. Penelitian bersifat analitik eksperimental dengan jenis penelitian <em>randomized controlled trial</em> (RCT) dengan desain <em>pre-test</em> dan <em>post-test control group</em>. Data diperoleh secara prospektif pada periode Juni–Agustus 2024 dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 60 pasien (30 pasien intervensi dan 30 pasien kontrol). Kepatuhan minum obat diukur menggunakan kuesioner MMAS-8 dan luaran klinis diukur berdasarkan tekanan darah sistolik dan diastolik. Pengukuran dilakukan sebelum dan setelah perlakuan. Data dianalisis secara statistik menggunakan analisis bivariat. Nilai p&lt;0,05 dianggap bermakna secara statistik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa intervensi <em>pill box</em> memberikan pengaruh bermakna terhadap kepatuhan minum obat (p=0,001). Tidak terdapat pengaruh intervensi <em>pill box</em> terhadap luaran klinis (p=1,000), karena sebanyak 60 pasien (100%) telah mencapai target tekanan darah baik sebelum mapun sesudah perlakuan. Simpulan penelitian ialah penggunaan <em>pill box</em> dapat meningkatkan kepatuhan pasien lanjut usia untuk mengonsumsi obat antihipertensi.</p> <p><strong>Kata kunci: </strong>lanjut usia; hipertensi; <em>pill box</em>; kepatuhan minum obat; luaran klinis</p> Deby A. Mpila Weny I. Wiyono Gayatri Citraningtyas Copyright (c) 2024 Deby A. Mpila, Weny I. Wiyono, Gayatri Citraningtyas https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 2024-10-29 2024-10-29 12 3 341 348 10.35790/ecl.v12i3.58383 Rasio Neutrofil Limfosit sebagai Prediktor Kejadian Kebocoran Anastomosis pada Pasien Kanker Kolorektal https://ejournal.unsrat.ac.id/v3/index.php/eclinic/article/view/58246 <p><strong>Abstract:</strong> Anastomotic leakage is a serious complication following colorectal cancer resection that can increase morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to analyze the potential of the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) as a predictor of anastomotic leakage in colorectal cancer patients. This was a retrospective analytical and observational study involving 30 patients who underwent colorectal cancer resection and anastomosis at Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital in Manado. The NLR values were analyzed preoperatively and on the first (D+1), third (D+3), fifth (D+5), and seventh (D+7) postoperative days. The results showed significant differences in NLR values between leakage and non-leakage groups across all phases (p&lt;0.001). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis yielded optimal NLR cut-offs for leakage prediction: preoperative &gt;2.1150, D+1 &gt;3.4750, D+3 &gt;2.7650, D+5 &gt;3.0200, and D+7 &gt;3.2850, with sensitivity and specificity reaching 100% in several phases. In conclusion, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio has a potential as an accurate predictor of anastomotic leakage, enabling early detection and improved risk management. Further research with larger samples is needed to validate these findings and explore their clinical applications.</p> <p><strong>Keywords:</strong> neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio; anastomotic leakage; colorectal cancer</p> <p><strong> </strong><strong> </strong></p> <p><strong>Abstrak: </strong>Kebocoran anastomosis merupakan komplikasi serius pasca reseksi kanker kolorektal yang dapat meningkatkan morbiditas dan mortalitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis potensi rasio neutrofil limfosit (RNL) sebagai prediktor kejadian kebocoran anastomosis pada pasien kanker kolorektal. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode observasional analitik retrospektif, melibatkan 30 pasien yang menjalani reseksi dan anastomosis kanker kolorektal di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado. Nilai RNL dianalisis pada fase preoperatif, hari pertama (H+1), ketiga (H+3), kelima (H+5), dan ketujuh (H+7) pasca operasi. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan perbedaan bermakna nilai RNL antara kelompok kebocoran dan tanpa kebocoran pada semua fase (p&lt;0,001). Analisis kurva ROC menghasilkan <em>cut-off</em> optimal RNL untuk prediksi kebocoran: preoperatif &gt;2,1150, H+1 &gt;3,4750, H+3 &gt;2,7650, H+5 &gt;3,0200, dan H+7 &gt;3,2850, dengan sensitivitas dan spesifisitas mencapai 100% pada beberapa fase. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah rasio neutrofil limfosit memiliki potensi sebagai prediktor yang akurat untuk kebocoran anastomosis, serta memungkinkan deteksi dini dan manajemen risiko yang lebih baik. Penelitian lebih lanjut dengan sampel yang lebih besar diperlukan untuk memvalidasi temuan ini dan mengeksplorasi aplikasi klinisnya.</p> <p><strong>Kata kunci:</strong> rasio neutrofil limfosit; kebocoran anastomosis; kanker kolorektal</p> Jimmy Panelewen Michael Tendean Fima Langi Nuzly Q. Akmal Copyright (c) 2024 Jimmy Panelewen, Michael Tendean, Fima Langi, Nuzly Q. Akmal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 2024-10-30 2024-10-30 12 3 349 355 10.35790/ecl.v12i3.58246 Hubungan antara Motivasi Belajar dengan Self Directed Learning Readiness pada Mahasiswa Tahun Pertama Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sam Ratulangi https://ejournal.unsrat.ac.id/v3/index.php/eclinic/article/view/54911 <p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Learning methods of Student Centered Learning indirectly demand students to study independently. Self-directed learning readiness (SDLR) or the readiness of students to the independence learning is something that medical students must have. Self-directed learning readiness is influenced by several factors, one of them is motivation to learn. This study aimed to determine the relationship between learning motivation and SDLR of first year students at the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sam Ratulangi. This was an observational and analytical study using a cross-sectional design. There were two types of questionnaires which were the motivated strategies for learning questionnaire (MSLQ) to assess learning motivation and the self-directed learning readiness scale (SDLRS) to assess readiness for independent learning. The Spearman test showed that there was a significant relationship between learning motivation and SDLR (p-value=0.000), with a strong and positive correlation (r=0.557) among the first-year students of Faculty of Medicine Universitas Sam Ratulangi. In conclusion, there is a significant relationship between learning motivation and <em>self-directed learning readiness</em> (SDLR) with a strong and positive correlation.</p> <p><strong>Keywords: </strong>medical students; learning motivation; learning methods</p> <p><em> </em></p> <p><strong>Abstrak</strong><strong>: </strong>Metode pembelajaran <em>Student Centered Learning</em> secara tidak langsung menuntut mahasiswa untuk belajar secara mandiri. <em>Self-directed learning readiness </em>(SDLR) atau kesiapan belajar mandiri merupakan hal yang harus dimiliki mahasiswa fakultas kedokteran. Tingkat SDLR dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor, salah satunya ialah motivasi belajar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara motivasi belajar dengan SDLR mahasiswa tahun pertama Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sam Ratulangi. Jenis penelitian ialah observasional analitik dengan desain potong lintang. Terdapat dua jenis kuisioner yang digunakan yaitu <em>Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire</em> (MSLQ) untuk menilai motivasi belajar dan <em>Self Directed Learning Readiness Scale</em> (SDLRS) untuk menilai kesiapan belajar mandiri. Hasil analisis data menggunakan uji korelasi Spearman menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan bermakna antara motivasi belajar dan SDLR (p=0,000), kekuatan korelasi kuat (r=0,557), dan hubungannya berpola positif yang berarti semakin tinggi motivasi belajar maka akan semakin tinggi juga tingkat SDLR. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah terdapat hubungan bermakna antara motivasi belajar dan <em>self-directed learning readiness</em> (SDLR) dengan tingkat keeratan kuat dan memiliki arah positif.</p> <p><strong>Kata kunci: </strong>mahasiswa kedokteran; motivasi belajar; metode pembelajaran</p> Johanes J. F. Ngongoloy Siemona Berhimpon Damajanty Pangemanan Copyright (c) 2024 Johanes J. F. Ngongoloy, Siemona Berhimpon, Damajanty Pangemanan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 2024-11-09 2024-11-09 12 3 356 361 10.35790/ecl.v12i3.54911 Hubungan antara Pengetahuan dengan Sikap Tentang Kanker Serviks pada Siswi SMA Lokon St. Nikolaus Tomohon https://ejournal.unsrat.ac.id/v3/index.php/eclinic/article/view/53671 <p><strong>Abstract</strong>: Lack of patient awareness can be caused by lack of education and campaign roles in providing education about cervical cancer to pre-teens and parents. Therefore, knowledge of cervical cancer plays an important role in the prevention of cervical cancer. This study aimed to determine the relationship between knowledge about cervical cancer and attitude towards cervical cancer prevention among female students at Lokon St. Nikolaus High School Tomohon. This was a comparative and analytical study with a cross-sectional design using a questionnaire. Samples were all female students at SMA Lokon St. Nikolaus Tomohon (high school) fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria researchers. The results showed a total of 184 respondents were obtained with the majority of them were in class X (40.22%) and used information sources from the internet (50.00%). The majority of respondents had good knowledge (92.93%)) and supportive attitude (92.39%). In addition, eight students (4.35%) had received the HPV vaccine. The chi-square test showed a significant relationship between knowledge and attitudes about cervical cancer (p&lt;0.05). In conclusion, there is a significant relationship between knowledge about cervical cancer and attitude towards cervical cancer prevention among female students at SMA Lokon St. Nikolaus Tomohon.</p> <p><strong>Keywords</strong>: cervical cancer; HPV vaccine; knowledge; attitude</p> <p><strong> </strong><strong> </strong></p> <p><strong>Abstrak:</strong> Kurangnya kesadaran pasien terhadap kanker serviks dapat disebabkan oleh kurangnya peran pendidikan dan kampanye dalam memberikan edukasi mengenai kanker serviks pada pra-remaja hingga orang tua. Oleh karena itu, pengetahuan terhadap penyakit kanker serviks mempunyai peranan penting dalam pencegahan terhadap penyakit kanker serviks. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara pengetahuan tentang kanker serviks dengan sikap terhadap pencegahan kanker serviks pada siswi di SMA Lokon St. Nikolaus Tomohon. Jenis penelitian ialah analitik komparatif dengan desain potong lintang menggunakan kuesioner. Sampel penelitian yaitu seluruh siswi SMA Lokon yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan total 184 responden dengan mayoritas responden berada dikelas X (40,22%) dan menggunakan sumber informasi dari internet (50,00%). Mayoritas responden memiliki pengetahuan yang baik (92,93%) dan sikap mendukung (92,39%). Terdapat delapan siswi (4,35%) yang telah menerima vaksin HPV. Hasil uji chi-square menunjukkan adanya hubungan bermakna antara pengetahuan dengan sikap tentang kanker serviks (p&lt;0,05). Simpulan penelitian ini ialah terdapat hubungan bermakna antara pengetahuan tentang kanker serviks dengan sikap terhadap pencegahan kanker serviks pada siswi di SMA Lokon St. Nikolaus Tomohon.</p> <p><strong>Kata kunci: </strong>kanker serviks; vaksin HPV; pengetahuan; sikap</p> Joseph S. Ginting Hermie M. M. Tendean Freddy W. Wagey Copyright (c) 2024 Joseph S. Ginting, Hermie M. M. Tendean, Freddy W. Wagey https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 2024-11-09 2024-11-09 12 3 362 368 10.35790/ecl.v12i3.53671 Hubungan antara Pendekatan Belajar dengan Prestasi Akademik Mahasiswa Program Studi Pendidikan Dokter Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sam Ratulangi Angkatan 2020 https://ejournal.unsrat.ac.id/v3/index.php/eclinic/article/view/53707 <p><strong>Abstract:</strong> One of the influencing factors on academic achievement is the learning approach, which is a combination of motivation and strategies that an individual uses to improve his/her knowledge. Learning approach is classified into surface and deep learning approaches. This study aimed to determine the relationship between learning approach and academic achievement of students in the Medical Education Study Program of class of 2020, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sam Ratulangi. This was an observational and analytical study with a cross-sectional design. Samples were obtained by using total sampling with inclusion and exclusion criteria. Learning approach data were obtained by using the Revised Study Process Questionnaire 2 Factors (R-SPQ-2F). Data were analyzed using the Fisher Exact test. The results obtained 162 students as samples, dominated by 124 (76.5%) students with deep learning approach, while 38 (23.5%) students used surface learning approach. Furthermore, the majority of students obtained Cumulative Grade Point Average (CGPA) with honors/cum laude (&gt;3.50) amounting to 89 (54.9%) students. The Fisher Exact test, obtained a p-value of 0.936 (p&gt;0.05). In conclusion, there is no relationship between the learning approach and the academic achievement of students in the Medical Education Study Program of class of 2020, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sam Ratulangi.</p> <p><strong>Keywords:</strong> learning approach; academic achievement; medical students</p> <p><strong> </strong></p> <p><strong> </strong><strong>Abstrak: </strong>Salah satu faktor yang memengaruhi prestasi akademik ialah pendekatan belajar (<em>learning approach</em>), yang merupakan gabungan antara motivasi dan strategi yang digunakan seseorang saat mencari pengetahuan. Pendekatan belajar diklasifikasikan menjadi pendekatan belajar permukaan (<em>surface</em>) dan dalam (<em>deep</em>). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara pendekatan belajar dengan prestasi akademik mahasiswa Program Studi Pendidikan Dokter Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sam Ratulangi Angkatan 2020. Jenis penelitian ini ialah analitik observasional dengan desain potong lintang. Teknik sampling yang digunakan ialah <em>total sampling</em> dengan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Data pendekatan belajar diperoleh menggunakan <em>the Revised Study Process Questionnaire 2 Factors</em> (R-SPQ-2F). Uji statistik dalam penelitian ini ialah uji <em>Fisher Exact</em>. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan total sampel penelitian berjumlah 162 mahasiswa yang didominasi oleh 124 (76,5%) mahasiswa dengan pendekatan belajar dalam (<em>deep</em>), sedangkan 38 (23,5%) mahasiswa menggunakan pendekatan belajar permukaan (<em>surface</em>). Mayoritas mahasiswa memperoleh Indeks Prestasi Kumulatif (IPK) dengan predikat pujian/<em>cum laude</em> (&gt;3,50) berjumlah 89 (54,9%) mahasiswa. Hasil uji <em>Fisher Exact</em> mendapatkan nilai p=0,936 (p&gt;0,05). Simpulan penelitian ini ialah tidak terdapat hubungan antara pendekatan belajar dengan prestasi akademik mahasiswa Program Studi Pendidikan Dokter Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sam Ratulangi Angkatan 2020.</p> <p><strong>Kata kunci:</strong> pendekatan belajar, prestasi akademik, mahasiswa kedokteran</p> Angellita M. Irene Elvin C. Angmalisang Herlina I. S. Wungouw Copyright (c) 2024 Angellita M. Irene, Elvin C. Angmalisang, Herlina I. S. Wungouw https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 2024-11-09 2024-11-09 12 3 369 375 10.35790/ecl.v12i3.53707 Identifikasi Pola Bakteri dan Uji Sensitivitas Antibiotik di Ruangan Instalasi Gawat Darurat RSU GMIM Pancaran Kasih Manado https://ejournal.unsrat.ac.id/v3/index.php/eclinic/article/view/54050 <p><strong>Abstract:</strong> Incidents of infection originating from hospitals can be referred to as Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs). Generally, hospitals have implemented policies and clinical practices in control of HAIs and the appropriate use of antibiotics to reduce the risk of infection spread and the development of antibiotic resistance. However, antibiotic administration in the Emergency Room (ER) significantly contributes to the excessive use of antibiotics, which may pose a problem of antibiotic resistance. This study aieds to determine the bacterial pattern and antibiotic sensitivity in the ER of RSU GMIM Pancaran Kasih Manado. This was an observational and descriptive study with a cross-sectional design. Identification of bacterial pattern and antibiotic sensitivity test on bacteria in the ER of RSU GMIM Pancaran Kasih Manado used the standard procedure in Microbiology Laboratory of Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sam Ratulangi. The antibiotic sensitivity test for <em>Bacillus</em> sp. (53.84%), <em>Staphylococcus</em> sp. (38,46%), and <em>Streptococcus</em> sp. (7,69%) revealed the highest sensitivity to the antibiotics meropenem and gentamicin, while the antibiotics ampicillin/sulbactam and vancomycin showed the highest resistance levels. In conclusion, Gram-positive bacteria dominates the bacteria in the emerfency room of RSU GMIM Pancaran Kasih Manado, with <em>Bacillus</em> sp. being the most prevalent.</p> <p><strong>Keywords:</strong> bacterial pattern; antibiotic sensitivity test; emergency room</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Abstrak:</strong> Kejadian infeksi yang berasal dari rumah sakit termasuk dalam <em>Healthcare-Associated Infections </em>(HAIs). Rumah sakit telah menerapkan kebijakan dan praktik klinis dalam pengendalian HAIs dan penggunaan antibiotik yang tepat untuk mengurangi risiko penyebaran infeksi dan perkembangan resistansi antibiotik. Namun, ditemukan bahwa pemberian antibiotik di Instalasi Gawat Darurat (IGD) secara signifikan berkontribusi terhadap penggunaan berlebihan dari obat antibiotik yang kemungkinan menimbulkan masalah resistansi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi pola bakteri dan sensitivitas antibiotik di ruangan IGD RSU GMIM Pancaran Kasih Manado. Jenis penelitian ialah deskriptif observational dengan desain potong lintang. Identifikasi pola bakteri dan uji sensitivitas pada bakteri di ruangan IGD RSU GMIM Pancaran Kasih Manado menggunakan prosedur standar di Laboratorium FK Unsrat. Hasil identifikasi diperoleh bakteri <em>Bacillus</em> sp., <em>Staphylococcus</em> sp., dan <em>Streptococcus</em> sp. Uji sensitivitas antibiotik dari bakteri <em>Bacillus</em> sp. (53,84%), <em>Staphylococcus </em>sp. (38,46%), serta <em>Streptococcus</em> sp. (7,69%), mendapatkan tingkat sensitivitas tertinggi ditunjukkan terhadap antibiotik meropenem dan gentamicin, sedangkan hasil antibiotik ampicillin/sulbactam dan vancomycin memiliki tingkat resistensi tertinggi. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah bakteri Gram positif mendominasi bakteri di ruangan IGD RSU GMIM Pancaran Kasih Manado, dengan ditemukannya <em>Bacillus</em> sp. terbanyak.</p> <p><strong>Kata kunci:</strong> pola bakteri; uji sensitivitas antibiotik; Instalasi Gawat Darurat</p> Sulaiman F. Sandjaya Olivia A. Waworuntu Heriyannis Homenta Copyright (c) 2024 Sulaiman F. Sandjaya, Olivia A. Waworuntu, Heriyannis Homenta https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 2024-11-09 2024-11-09 12 3 376 382 10.35790/ecl.v12i3.54050 Hubungan Kualitas Tidur dengan Tekanan Darah pada Penyandang Hipertensi di Kelurahan Paslaten Satu Lingkungan 1 https://ejournal.unsrat.ac.id/v3/index.php/eclinic/article/view/53864 <p><strong>Abstract:</strong> Hypertension is a condition of persistent increase in blood pressure in repeated examinations. Cases of hypertension is expected to increase each year. Various factors can result in the increase of blood pressure, including sleep quality. This study aimed to identify the relationship between sleep quality and blood pressure in people with hypertension at Kelurahan Paslaten Satu Lingkungan 1. This was a quantitative study with a cross-sectional design. Sample were obtained by using consecutive sampling method. Primary data were collected directly using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index questionnaire and blood pressure test, and then were analyzed using the chi-square test. The results obtained 32 people with hypertension as respondents. The chi-square test showed no relationship between sleep quality and blood pressure among the respondents (p=1.000). However, data analysis showed that clinically blood pressure in hypertensive people with poor sleep quality was higher compared with those that had good sleep quality, with mean differences of 15.05 mmHg in systolic blood pressure and 6.37 mmHg in diastolic blood pressure. In conclusion, people with hypertension need to maintain good sleep quality to achieve controlled blood pressure.</p> <p><strong>Keywords: </strong>hypertension; sleep quality; blood pressure</p> <p><strong> </strong><strong> </strong></p> <p><strong>Abstrak:</strong> Hipertensi merupakan kondisi meningkatnya tekanan darah yang menetap pada pemeriksaan berulang. Kasus hipertensi diperkirakan akan terus meningkat setiap tahunnya. Berbagai faktor dapat memengaruhi peningkatan tekanan darah, salah satunya ialah kualitas tidur. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan kualitas tidur dengan tekanan darah pada penyandang hipertensi di Kelurahan Paslaten Satu Lingkungan 1. Jenis penelitian ialah analitik kuantitatif dengan desain potong lintang. Sampel diperoleh dengan <em>consecutive sampling</em> dan menggunakan data primer yang dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner <em>Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index</em> serta pemeriksaan tekanan darah. Analisis statistik data menggunakan <em>chi-square, </em>Hasil penelitian mendapatkan 32 penyandang hipertensi sebagai responden. Hasil uji <em>chi-square</em> menunjukkan bahwa kualitas tidur tidak memiliki hubungan dengan tekanan darah responden (p=1,000). Namun, analisis data menunjukkan secara klinis tekanan darah penyandang hipertensi dengan kualitas tidur yang buruk lebih tinggi daripada penyandang hipertensi dengan kualitas tidur yang baik, dengan perbedaan rerata tekanan darah sistolik sebesar 15,06 mmHg dan diastolik sebesar 6,37 mmHg. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah penyandang hipertensi perlu memerhatikan kualitas tidur untuk mencapai tekanan darah terkontrol.</p> <p><strong>Kata kunci: </strong>hipertensi; kualitas tidur; tekanan darah</p> Michael H. Pitoy Muhammad Awaludin Frans E. N. Wantania Copyright (c) 2024 Michael H. Pitoy, Muhammad Awaludin, Frans E. N. Wantania https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 2024-11-10 2024-11-10 12 3 383 389 10.35790/ecl.v12i3.53864 Faktor-faktor yang Memengaruhi Angka Kejadian Malaria pada Anak di Kecamatan Lembeh Selatan Kota Bitung https://ejournal.unsrat.ac.id/v3/index.php/eclinic/article/view/53687 <p><strong>Abstract</strong>: Malaria is an infectious disease that contributes to high mortality and morbidity rates. Indonesia is no exception and is still one of the countries with high malaria endemicity. This study aimed to determine factors influencing the incidence of malaria in children in Lembeh Selatan, Bitung. This was an analytical and observational study with a retrospective approach and a case-control research design. Data were obtained from medical record data and through interviews by filling out questionnaires, and were analyzed using the chi-square test. The statistical test results of this study showed that the presence of livestock pens around the residence as well as the habit of using mosquito nets and mosquito repellent when sleeping at night were not factors that influenced the incidence of malaria in children in Lembeh Selatan. There was an influence of the presence of mosquito breeding sites around the residence (p-value of &lt;0.001) and the habit of going out at night (p-value of &lt;0.001) with the incidence of malaria in children in Lembeh Selatan. In conclusion, factors that influence the incidence of malaria in children in Lembeh Selatan, Bitung, are living close to mosquito breeding areas and the habit of going out at night.</p> <p><strong>Keywords</strong>: incidence rate of malaria; children; influencing factors</p> <p><strong> </strong></p> <p><strong>Abstrak</strong>: Malaria merupakan salah satu penyakit menular dengan penyumbang angka mortalitas dan morbiditas yang tinggi. Indonesia tak terkecuali masih menjadi salah satu negara dengan endemisitas malaria yang cukup tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi angka kejadian malaria pada anak di Kecamatan Lembeh Selatan Kota Bitung. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode observasional analitik dengan pendekatan retrospektif dan desain penelitian <em>case-control</em>. Data diperoleh melalui data sekunder yaitu data rekam medis dan melalui wawancara dengan mengisi kuisioner. Analisis data menggunakan uji statistik <em>chi-square</em>. Hasil uji statistik penelitian ini menunjukkan tidak terdapat hubungan antara keberadaan kandang ternak di sekitar tempat tinggal serta kebiasaan menggunakan kelambu dan obat anti nyamuk saat tidur di malam dengan kejadian malaria pada anak di Kecamatan Lembeh Selatan. Terdapat hubungan bermakna antara keberadaan tempat perindukan nyamuk di sekitar tempat tinggal (nilai p&lt;0,001) dan kebiasaan keluar rumah pada malam hari (nilai p=&lt;0,001) dengan kejadian malaria pada anak di Kecamatan Lembeh Selatan. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah faktor yang memengaruhi angka kejadian malaria pada anak di Kecamatan Lembeh Selatan Kota Bitung ialah tempat tinggal dekat dengan tempat perindukan nyamuk dan kebiasaan keluar rumah pada malam hari.</p> <p><strong>Kata kunci</strong>: angka kejadian malaria; anak; faktor yang memengaruhi</p> Reinette M. Lahiang Novie H. Rampengan Suryadi N. N. Tatura Copyright (c) 2024 Reinette M. Lahiang, Novie H. Rampengan, Suryadi N. N. Tatura https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 2024-11-10 2024-11-10 12 3 390 396 10.35790/ecl.v12i3.53687 Gambaran Kadar Hemoglobin dan Hematokrit pada Pasien Stroke Iskemik Berusia 15-64 Tahun di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou https://ejournal.unsrat.ac.id/v3/index.php/eclinic/article/view/53662 <p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Ischemic stroke is the most common stroke and represents 80% of stroke cases. Stroke causes an increase in blood viscosity, thus inhibiting blood flow which has an impact on the body's normal function which can be seen from the hemoglobin and hematocrit levels. This study aimed to determine the description of hemoglobin and hematocrit levels in ischemic stroke patients aged 15-64 years treated at Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital. This was a retrospective and descriptive study using secondary data taken from medical records. The results obtained 47 patients that met the inclusion criteria, consisting of 29 male patients (61.7%) and 18 female patients (38.3%). Based on stroke classification, most patients were in acute phase (87.2%). Normal hemoglobin levels were more often found in the age of 46-55 years, meanwhile decreased hematocrit levels were more often found in the age of 56-65 years (23.4%). In conclusion, normal hemoglobin level and decreased hematocrit level are more often found in acute ischemic stroke patients.</p> <p><strong>Keywords</strong>: ischemic stroke; hemoglobin; hematocrit</p> <p><strong> </strong><strong> </strong></p> <p><strong>Abstrak</strong>: Stroke iskemik merupakan stroke yang paling sering terjadi dan mewakili 80% kasus stroke. Stroke mengakibatkan peningkatan kekentalan/viskositas darah, sehingga menghambat aliran darah yang berdampak pada fungsi normal tubuh yang dapat dilihat dari hasil pemeriksaan kadar hemoglobin dan hematokrit. Penelitian ini bertujun untuk mengetahui gambaran kadar hemoglobin dan hematokrit pada pasien stroke iskemik berusia 15-64 tahun yang dirawat di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou. Jenis penelitian ialah deskriptif retrospektif dengan menggunakan data sekunder yang diambil dari rekam medis. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan 47 pasien stroke iskemik yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi, terdiri dari 29 pasien laki-laki (61,7%) dan 18 pasien perempuan (38,3%). Berdasarkan klasifikasi stroke, pasien terbanyak pada fase akut (87,2%). Kadar hemoglobin normal lebih sering didapatkan pada kelompok usia 46-55 tahun (44,7%) sedangkan kadar hematokrit menurun lebih sering didapatkan pada kelompok usia 56-65 tahun (23,4%). Simpulan penelitian ini ialah kadar hemoglobin normal dan kadar hematokrit menurun sering didapatkan pada pasien stroke iskemik akut.</p> <p><strong>Kata kunci</strong>: stroke iskemik; hemoglobin; hematokrit</p> Lingkanwene T. D. Malingkas Mayer F. Wowor Siemona L. E. Berhimpon Copyright (c) 2024 Lingkanwene T. D. Malingkas, Mayer F. Wowor, Siemona L. E. Berhimpon https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 2024-11-10 2024-11-10 12 3 397 402 10.35790/ecl.v12i3.53662