Perbedaan Indeks Kebersihan Mulut dan Kualitas Hidup Terkait Kesehatan Rongga Mulut pada Pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 dan Non Diabetes Melitus
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35790/eg.9.1.2021.32632Abstract
Abstract: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with many complications, one of them is oral health problem. Its risk increases in individual with poor oral hygiene. Oral health problem can impair daily life functions such as biting or chewing, speaking, and social interaction. However, research evidences investigating oral hygiene and quality of life related to oral health are still contradictory, therefore, further studies are still required. This study was aimed to evaluate the difference in oral hygine index and quality of life (QoL) related to oral health index between T2DM and non DM patients. This was an observational study with a cross sectional design. Samples consisted of 21 T2DM patients and non DM patients at the Internal Medicine Outpatient Clinic of RSND hospital. Oral hygiene examination (OHI-S) was performed on all patients. Moreover, all patients had to fill the questionnaire which evaluated their QoL related to their oral health conditions (OHIP-14). Data were analyzed by using unpaired T-test and Mann-Whitney test. The results showed that the means of OHIS index were 3.17 in T2DM group and 1.43 in non DM group (p<0.001). Meanwhile the means of OHIP-14 index were 7.14 in T2DM group and 2.24 in non DM group (p<0.001). In conclusion, T2DM patients significantly have worse oral hygiene index and QoL related to oral health index than non DM patients.
Keywords:Â type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), oral hygiene, quality of life related to oral health
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Abstrak: Diabetes melitus tipe 2 (DMT2) terkait dengan berbagai komplikasi, salah satunya masalah kesehatan rongga mulut yang risikonya semakin meningkat pada individu dengan kebersihan mulut yang buruk. Masalah kesehatan rongga mulut dapat membatasi fungsi sehari-hari seperti menggigit/mengunyah, berbicara, dan interaksi sosial. Namun, temuan beberapa penelitian mengenai kebersihan mulut dan kualitas hidup terkait kesehatan rongga mulut pada pasien DMT2 masih menunjukkan hasil yang bertentangan, sehingga diperlukan penelitian lebih lanjut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan indeks kebersihan mulut dan kualitas hidup terkait kesehatan rongga mulut pada pasien DMT2 dan non DM. Jenis penelitian ialah observasional dengan desain potong lintang. Sampel penelitian terdiri dari 21 pasien DMT2 dan 21 pasien non DM di Instalasi Rawat Jalan Penyakit Dalam RSND. Seluruh pasien menjalani pemeriksaan kebersihan mulut (OHI-S) dan juga diminta untuk mengisi kuesioner yang menilai kualitas hidup terkait kesehatan rongga mulut pasien (OHIP-14). Uji statistik menggunakan uji t tidak berpasangan. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan nilai rerata OHIS ialah 3,17 pada kelompok DMT2 dan 1,43 pada kelompok non DM (p<0,001). Nilai rerata OHIP-14 ialah 7,14 pada kelompok DMT2 dan 2,24 pada kelompok non DM (p<0,001). Simpulan penelitian ini ialah pasien DMT2 memiliki skor indeks kebersihan mulut dan kualitas hidup terkait kesehatan rongga mulut yang lebih buruk secara bermakna dibandingkan pasien non DM.
Kata kunci:Â diabetes melitus tipe 2 (DMT2), kebersihan mulut, kualitas hidup terkait kesehatan rongga mulut
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