Efektivitas Edukasi Kesehatan Gigi dengan Metode Kombinasi terhadap Tingkat Kebersihan Mulut pada Anak Tunanetra
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35790/eg.v9i2.34870Abstract
Abstract: Dental health education (DHE) is important to improve the community oral health. Visually impaired children who have limited vision require appropriate methods according to the acceptance of them by maximizing the provision of education through the senses other than sight in carrying out treatment and prevention efforts. This study was aimed to obtain the effectiveness of DHE using a combination method in visually impaired children. This was a literature review study using the Google Scholar database, PubMed/ National Library of Medicine (NCBI), and Springer Link. After data selection based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, a critical appraisal was carried out. There were 10 literatures (six literatures of randomized controlled trial studies and four literatures of nonrandomized controlled trial/quasi experimental studies). The results showed that on average, the oral hygiene index score was lower after the intervention compared to before the DHE intervention using a combination method (braille, audio, and tactile). Moreover, the intervention decreased significantly the plaque index score and increased the number of visually impaired children who had good oral hygiene categories. In conclusion, DHE for visually impaired children using a combination method is effective in improving oral hygiene.
Keywords: dental health education (DHE); combination method; oral hygiene; visually impaired children
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Abstrak: Edukasi kesehatan gigi penting untuk meningkatkan kesehatan gigi dan mulut masyarakat. Anak tunanetra memiliki keterbatasan penglihatan sehingga memerlukan metode yang tepat dan sesuai penerimaan anak tunanetra dengan memaksimalkan pemberian edukasi melalui indra selain penglihatan dalam melakukan upaya perawatan dan pencegahan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas edukasi kesehatan gigi dengan menggunakan metode kombinasi pada anak tunanetra. Jenis penelitian ialah suatu literature review dengan menggunakan pencarian database Google Scholar, PubMed/National Library of Medicine (NCBI), dan Springer Link. Setelah melalui seleksi data berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi, dilakukan critical appraisal, kemudian didapatkan 10 literatur yang terdiri dari enam literatur dengan jenis studi randomized controlled trial dan empat literatur dengan jenis studi nonrandomized controlled trial/quasi experimental. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan bahwa umumnya hasil studi menunjukkan skor indeks kebersihan mulut lebih rendah sesudah intervensi dibandingkan dengan sebelum intervensi edukasi kesehatan gigi menggunakan metode kombinasi (braille, audio, dan taktil). Selain itu, secara bermakna intervensi menurunkan skor indeks plak dan meningkatkan jumlah anak tunanetra yang memiliki kategori kebersihan mulut yang baik. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah edukasi kesehatan gigi untuk anak tunanetra dengan metode kombinasi efektif meningkatkan kebersihan mulut.
Kata kunci: edukasi kesehatan gigi; metode kombinasi; kebersihan mulut; anak tunanetra
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