Antibiofilm Efficacy of Black Tiger Shrimp (Penaeus monodon) Chitosan against Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Treponema denticola
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35790/eg.v10i2.39052Abstract
Abstract: Shrimp shell (carapace) contains chitosan which is reported to have antibacterial property against periodontal bacteria. This study aimed to determine the antibiofilm efficacy of chitosan obtained from black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) against Aggregatibacter action-mycetemcomitans and Treponema denticola in vitro. The antibiofilm activity was tested using crystal violet biofilm assay with variations of chitosan concentrations, as follows: 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8%, and 1%. Chlorhexidine 0.2% was used as the positive control and acetate 1% as the negative control with 3-hour-treatment period. The biofilm optical density was analyzed using microplate reader with 490 nm wavelength. Data were analyzed statistically using One Way-ANOVA with the significance level of p<0.05. The result showed that all concentrations of chitosan were able to inhibit the biofilm formation of A. actinomycetemcomitans and T. denticola. The most effective concentration was 0.6% for both bacteria. In conclusion, Penaeus monodon chitosan has been proved to inhibit the biofilm formation of Aggregatibacter actinomycetem-comitans and Treponema denticola in vitro. Further study is needed to confirm this result with other oral bacteria.
Keywords: chitosan of Penaeus monodon; Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans; Treponema denticola; biofilm
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Abstrak: Limbah kulit udang (carapace) mengandung kitosan yang memiliki sifat antibakteri yang dapat digunakan untuk melawan bakteri periodontal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menge-tahui efek antibiofilm dari kitosan udang windu (Penaeus monodon) terhadap Aggregatibacter. actinomycetemcomitans dan Treponema denticola in vitro. Uji antibiofilm menggunakan metode biofilm assay dengan variasi konsentrasi kitosan: 0,2%, 0,4%, 0,6%, 0,8%, dan 1%. Kontrol positif menggunakan klorheksidin 0,2% dan kontrol negatif menggunakan asetat 1% pada perlakuan waktu 3 jam. Pengukuran optical density biofilm menggunakan microplate reader pada panjang gelombang 490 nm. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis sidik ragam satu arah dengan nilai kemaknaan p<0,05. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan bahwa semua konsentrasi kitosan dapat mengurangi perlekatan pertumbuhan biofilm A. Actinomycetemcomitans dan T. denticola. Kon-sentrasi paling optimal ialah pada konsentrasi 0,6% untuk keduanya. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah kitosan Penaeus monodon mampu menghambat perlekatan pertumbuhan biofilm pada Aggregatibacter. actinomycetemcomitans dan Treponema denticola secara in vitro. Dibutuhkan penelitian lebih lanjut untuk mengonfirmasi hasil ini menggunakan strain bakteri patogen rongga mulut lainnya.
Kata kunci: kitosan Penaeus monodon; Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans; Treponema denticola; biofilm
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