Hubungan Tingkat Kepedulian Orang Tua terhadap Status Oral Hygiene Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35790/eg.v11i1.44202Abstract
Abstract: Oral health problems among special needs children (SNC) is a priority and concern of all parties, both parents/caregivers, dentists and health policy makers both nationally and regionally as soon as possible. This study aimed to determine the relationship between the level of parental care and the oral hygiene of children at SLB Wacana Asih, Padang. This was an analytical and survey study with a cross-sectional design. Sampling was performed by using total sampling, consisting of parents of SNC and the SNC as many as 82 children. Data were analyzed using the Spearman Rank test with a significance level of p<0.05. The results showed that parent’s attention to the dental and oral hygiene of SNC was 53.66% in the good category and 46.445% in the moderate category. Furthermore, the results of the examination of the oral hygiene status of SNC showed various levels of status, as follows: good (45.1%), moderate (28%), and poor (26.8%). The statistical correlation test obtained a p-value of 0.000 which indicated that there was a significant relationship between parental care and the oral hygiene status of SNC with a correlation coefficient of r 0.699, which means a strong positive relationship. In conclusion, the higher the concern of parents, the better the oral hygiene status of special needs children.
Keywords: parental care; oral hygiene; special needs children
Abstrak: Masalah kebersihan gigi dan mulut pada anak berkebutuhan khusus (ABK) merupakan prioritas yang perlu mendapat perhatian semua pihak yaitu orang tua, pengasuh, dokter gigi dan pengampu kebijakan kesehatan baik nasional maupun daerah sedini mungkin. Penelitian ini bertu-juan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara tingkat kepedulian orang tua dengan oral hygiene anak SLB Wacana Asih, Kota Padang. Jenis penelitian ialah survei analitik dengan desain potong lintang. Metode pengambilan sampel ialah total sampling yaitu orang tua dari ABK dan ABK sebanyak 82 anak. Data penelitian diuji menggunakan uji Spearman Rank dengan tingkat signifikansi p<0,05. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kepedulian orang tua tentang kebersihan gigi dan mulut ABK dengan kategori baik sebanyak 53,66%, sedangkan kategori cukup baik sebesar 46,445%. Hasil pemeriksaan status oral hygiene ABK menunjukkan berbagai level status yakni: baik (45,1%), sedang (28%) dan buruk (26,8%). Hasil uji korelasi mendapatkan p=0,000 yang menunjukkan hubungan bermakna anatara kepedulian orang tua dengan status oral hygiene ABK dengan nilai koefisien korelasi r 0.699 yang bermakna hubungan positif kuat. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah sema-kin tinggi kepedulian orang tua maka akan semakin baik status oral hygiene berkebutuhan khusus.
Kata kunci: kepedulian orang tua; oral hygiene; anak berkebutuhan khusus
References
Ningrum V, Bakar A, Shieh T-M, Shih Y-H. The oral health inequities between special needs children and normal children in Asia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Healthcare (Basel). 2021;9(4):410. Doi: 10.3390/healthcare9040410.
Ningrum V, Abu B. Peningkatan pengetahuan kesgilut pada anak berkebutuhan khusus melalui aplikasi teledentistry. Dinamisia. 2021;5(6):1514-8.
Efzi AE, Sari E. Parental knowledge towards children’s dental and oral hygiene. Jurnal Riset Kesehatan. 2021;10:123 - 31.
Ningrum V, Wang W-C, Liao H-E, Bakar A, Shih Y-H. A special needs dentistry study of institutionalized individuals with intellectual disability in West Sumatra Indonesia. Scientific Reports. 2020; 10(1):153.
Nasu D, Uematsu A, Nakamura S, Ishiyama M, Shirakawa T, Hasegawa T, et al. Oral hygiene and oral status of institutionalized children with motor and intellectual disabilities. Journal of Oral Science. 2020;62(1):89-92.
Oliveira JS, Prado JRR, de Sousa LR, de Oliveira AH, Neto MJM, Mendes RF. Intellectual disability and impact on oral health: a paired study. Special care in dentistry: official publication of the American Association of Hospital Dentists, the Academy of Dentistry for the Handicapped, and the American Society for Geriatric Dentistry. 2013;33(6):262-8.
Motto CJ, Mintjelungan CN, Ticoalu SHR. Gambaran kebersihan gigi dan mulut pada siswa berkebutuhan khusus di SLB YPAC Manado. e-GiGi. 2017;5(1):106-11.
Chadwick D, Chapman M, Davies G. Factors affecting access to daily oral and dental care among adults with intellectual disabilities. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities (JARID). 2018;31(3):379-94.
Pini DM, Fröhlich PC, Rigo L. Oral health evaluation in special needs individuals. Einstein (Sao Paulo, Brazil). 2016;14(4):501-7.
Reddy VK, Chaurasia K, Bhambal A, Moon N, Reddy EK. A comparison of oral hygiene status and dental caries experience among institutionalized visually impaired and hearing impaired children of age between 7 and 17 years in central India. Journal of the Indian Society of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry (JISPPD). 2013;31(3):141-5.
Goud V, Gupta R, Babu AMS, Das D, Kulkarni G, Swathi K. Oral health status and treatment needs among deaf, mute and visually impaired children of Gulbarga district - A population based cross sectional study. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care. 2021;10(10):3664-9.
Diéguez-Pérez M, de Nova-García MJ, Mourelle-Martínez MR, Bartolomé-Villar B. Oral health in children with physical (Cerebral Palsy) and intellectual (Down Syndrome) disabilities: systematic review I. J Clin Exp Dent. 2016;8(3):e337-43.
Costa AA, Della Bona Á, Trentin MS. Influence of different intellectual disability levels on caries and periodontal disease. Braz Dental J. 2016;27(1):52-5.
Rajabloo S, Pakkhesal M, Naghavi Alhosseini A, Ghorbani Z, Rajabi A. Mothers view about oral health status, oral hygiene behaviors, and dental services utilization of their children with hearing impairment attending special schools. Special care in dentistry: official publication of the American Association of Hospital Dentists, the Academy of Dentistry for the Handicapped, and the American Society for Geriatric Dentistry. 2022;42(2):149-54.
Sosiawan A, Wahjuningrum DA, Setyowati D, Suhartono M, Audrey NW, Mawantari TP, et al. The relationship between parents' oral hygiene knowledge and children with Down Syndrome's oral hygiene via OHI-S. F1000Research. 2022;11:374.
D'Addazio G, Santilli M, Sinjari B, Xhajanka E, Rexhepi I, Mangifesta R, et al. Access to dental care-a survey from dentists, people with disabilities and caregivers. International Journal of Environ-mental Research and Public Health (IJERPH). 2021;18(4).
Limeres J, Martínez F, Feijoo JF, Ramos I, Liñares A, Diz P. A new indicator of the oral hygiene habits of disabled persons: relevance of the carer's personal appearance and interest in oral health. Int J Dent Hygiene. 2014;12(2):121-6.
Shaghaghian S, Savadi N, Amin M. Evaluation of parental awareness regarding their child's oral hygiene. Int J Dent Hygiene. 2017;15(4):e149-e55.
Vallala P, Prakhya UR, Kocherlakota DS, Gali N, Chiramchetty M, Naga MPB. Communication as a key for imparting oral health knowledge in special needs patients attending special schools in Sangareddy District in Telangana. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2021;14(Suppl 2):S148-s50.
Risma KM, Weber-Gasparoni K, Swenson SE, Ettinger RL, Qian F. Group home caregivers' comfort levels regarding physical resistance during oral hygiene care. Special care in dentistry: official publication of the American Association of Hospital Dentists, the Academy of Dentistry for the Handicapped, and the American Society for Geriatric Dentistry. 2015;35(3):123-31.
Bernath B, Kanji Z. Exploring barriers to oral health care experienced by individuals living with autism spectrum disorder. Canadian Journal of Dental Hygiene (CJDH) = Journal Canadien de l'Hygiene Dentaire (JCHD). 2021;55(3):160-6.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Citra Lestari, Valendriyani Ningrum, Ika Andriani, Dwi Windu
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
COPYRIGHT
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
Authors hold their copyright and grant this journal the privilege of first publication, with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that permits others to impart the work with an acknowledgment of the work's origin and initial publication by this journal.
Authors can enter into separate or additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (for example, post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its underlying publication in this journal.
Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (for example, in institutional repositories or on their website) as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of the published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
