Prevalensi Maloklusi pada Anak Usia 9−12 Tahun di Daerah Pesisir Kecamatan Malalayang Kota Manado
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35790/eg.v12i1.50363Abstract
Abstract: Malocclusion is a condition that deviates from normal occlusion. The prevalence of malocclusion in Indonesia is 80% of the total population. Age of 9-12 year-old is the second phase of mixed dentition phase which causes many problems. This study aimed to obtain the prevalence of tooth malocclusion in 9-12 years old children on the coastal area of Malalayang District, Manado. This was a descriptive study with a cross-sectional design. The population consisted of 819 children and the total sample was 269 children obtained by using proportionate stratified random sampling technique. This study was conducted by clinical examination and assessment based on Angle's classification. The results showed that the prevalence of malocclusion in children aged 9-12 years on the coastal area of Malalayang District, Manado was 100%, 217 children were categorized into class I malocclusion with a prevalence rate of 80.7%; 15 children were categorized into class II division 1 malocclusion with a prevalence rate of 5.6%, four children were categorized into class II division 2 malocclusion with a prevalence rate of 1.5%; and 33 children were categorized into class III malocclusion with a prevalence rate of 12.2%. In conclusion, the prevalence of maloclusion in children aged 9-12 years on the coastal area of Malalayang District, Manado, is 100%, and the most common type is Angle’s class I malocclusion.
Keywords: children aged 9-12 years old; malocclusion; coastal area
Abstrak: Maloklusi adalah suatu kondisi yang menyimpang dari oklusi normal. Prevalensi maloklusi di Indonesia mencapai 80% dari total penduduk. Usia 9-12 tahun merupakan fase kedua dari fase geligi campuran yang banyak menimbulkan masalah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prevalensi maloklusi pada anak usia 9-12 tahun di daerah pesisir Kecamatan Malalayang Kota Manado. Jenis penelitian ialah observasional deskriptif dengan desain potong lintang. Populasi penelitian berjumlah 819 anak dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 269 anak yang diperoleh dengan teknik proportionate stratified random sampling. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan pemeriksaan klinis dan penilaian maloklusi berdasarkan klasifikasi Angle. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa prevalensi maloklusi anak usia 9-12 tahun di daerah pesisir Kecamatan Malalayang Kota Manado sebesar 100%, maloklusi Angle kelas I dengan prevalensi 80,7% sebanyak 217 anak, maloklusi Angle kelas II divisi 1 dengan prevalensi 5,6% sebanyak 15 anak, maloklusi Angle kelas II divisi 2 dengan prevalensi 1,5% sebanyak empat anak, dan maloklusi Angle kelas III dengan prevalensi 12,2% sebanyak 33 anak. Simpulan penelitian ialah prevalensi maloklusi anak usia 9-12 tahun di daerah pesisir Kecamatan Malalayang Kota Manado sebesar 100% dan yang terbanyak ialah maloklusi Angle kelas I.
Kata kunci: anak usia 9-12 tahun; maloklusi; pesisir pantai
References
Rorong G, Pangemanan D, Juliatri. Gambaran maloklusi pada siswa kelas 10 di SMA Negeri 9 Manado. e-GiGi. 2016;4(1):11−6.
Calvin G. Hubungan tingkat keparahan maloklusi dengan kelainan sendi temporomandibular pada remaja [Skripsi]. Makassar: Universitas Hasanuddin; 2015.
Almira D. Gambaran prevalensi maloklusi pada anak SD di daerah pegunungan dan pesisir Kabupaten Takalar [Skripsi]. Makassar: Universitas Hasanuddin; 2018.
Widiarsanti S, Sutantyo D, Pudyani P. Perawatan ortodontik interseptif dengan alat aktivator pada periode percepatan pertumbuhan. MKGK. 2015;1(1):27−32.
Farani W, Abdillah M. Prevalensi maloklusi anak usia 9−11 tahun di SD IT Insan Utama Yogyakarta. Insisiva Dental Journal. 2021;10(1):26−31.
Manggabarani I. Kajian sosial ekonomi masyarakat nelayan yang bermukim di pesisir pantai (studi kasus Lingkungan Luwaor Kecamatan Pamboang, Kabupaten Majene). Agrovital. 2016;1(1):27−33.
Andries A, Anindita P, Gunawan P. Hubungan antara gigi berjejal dan status gizi pada remaja. e-GiGi. 2021;9(1):8−14.
Dermawan CH, Aida F, Alioes Y. Hubungan status gizi terhadap kesejajaran gigi anterior mandibula berdasarkan pengukuran Little’s irregularity index pada siswa SMPN 5 Padang Cakradonya. Dental J. 2016;9(1):50-2.
Proffit W, Fields H, Larson B, Sarver D. Contemporary orthodontics. 6th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier; 2019. p. 126−34.
Thomaz E, Cangussu M, Silva A, Assis A. Is malnutrition associated with crowding in permanent dentition? Int J Environ. 2010;7(9):3531-6.
Yuanisa S, Malik I, Saptarini R. Persentase maloklusi angle kelas II divisi 1 pada anak dengan kebiasaan bernafas melalui mulut. Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi UNPAD. 2016;28(3):194.
Narayanan R, Jeseem M, Kumar T. Prevalence of malocclusion among 10−12-year-old schoolchildren in Kozhikode District, Kerala: an epidemiology study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2016;9(1):50−4.
Buschang P. Class I malocclusion-the development and etiology of mandibular malalignments. Semin Orthod. 2014;20(1):3−7.
Kusuma R, Adhani R, Widodo, Rianta S. Perbedaan indeks karies antara maloklusi ringan dan berat pada remaja di Ponpes Darul Hijrah Martapura. Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi. 2014;2(1):13−6.
Masood Y, Masood M, Zainul N, Araby N, Hussain S, Newton T. Impact of malocclusion on oral health related quality of life in young people. BioMed Central. 2013;11(25):1−5.
Amuasi A, Acheampong A, Anarfi E, Sagoe E, Poku R, Sakyi J. Effect of malocclusion on quality of life among persons aged 7−25 years: a cross-sectional study. Scientific Research Publishing (SCIRP). 2020;8(1):31−3.
Alhammadi M, Halboub E, Fayed M, Labib A, El-saaidi C. Global distribution of malocclusion traits: a systematic review. Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics. 2018;23(6):48.
Alatrach A, Alatrach F, Osman E. The prevalence of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment need in a sample of Syrian children. European Scientific Journal. 2014;10(30):237.
Subramanian V, Babu H, Kumar A. Overjet in adolescents with class II division 1 malocclusion -a retrospective cross sectional study. Int J Dent Oral Sci. 2021;8(8):4049-53.
Dodda K, Prasad S, Kanuru R, Nalluri S, Mittapalli R, Raghavendra. Diagnostic features of angle’s class II division 2 malocclusion. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent. 2015;5(6):513−4.
Hardy D, Cubas Y, Orellana M. Prevalence of angle class III malocclusion: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Open J Epidemiol. 2012;2(1):76−8.
Wijayanti P, Krisnawati, Ismah N. Gambaran maloklusi dan kebutuhan perawatan ortodonti pada anak usia 9−11 tahun (studi pendahuluan di SD At-Taufiq, Cempaka Putih, Jakarta). Jurnal PDGI. 2014;63(1):27−9.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Pritartha S. Anindita, Sherly Gosal, Pegy E. B. Ginting
![Creative Commons License](http://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-nc/4.0/88x31.png)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
COPYRIGHT
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
Authors hold their copyright and grant this journal the privilege of first publication, with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that permits others to impart the work with an acknowledgment of the work's origin and initial publication by this journal.
Authors can enter into separate or additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (for example, post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its underlying publication in this journal.
Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (for example, in institutional repositories or on their website) as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of the published work (See The Effect of Open Access).