Hubungan antara Kelemahan Fisik dengan Kelemahan Rongga Mulut pada Lansia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35790/eg.v13i1.54175Abstract
Abstract: Oral frailty is declined oral cavity function, along with a decrease in mental and physical capabilities. This study aimed to provide a review about oral frailty factors affecting general health in the elderly. A systematic search was conducted using three electronic databases (PubMed, Wiley, and Scopus). Articles written in English (randomized clinical trial, prospective study, retrospective study) and published over the last ten years were identified. There were 11 out of 65 articles were included in this study. The results showed that a decreased number of teeth was related to a decrease in cognitive function and physical strength in the elderly. The edentulous ridge, and denture type and condition affect masticatory muscles, occlusal status, and postural balance of the elderly. Masticatory muscle structural changes were related to decreased nutritional intake, weight loss, decreased cognitive function, decreased physical strength (seen from hand grip strength), and increased risk of elderly dependence. Decreased masticatory muscle strength was associated with increased risk of Alzheimer's and postural imbalance in the elderly. In conclusion, oral weakness factors such as the number of teeth, use of dentures, masticatory muscles and maximum bite strength are associated with general health in the elderly.
Keywords: oral frailty; oral function; physical frailty
Abstrak: Kelemahan rongga mulut merupakan penurunan fungsi rongga mulut yang disertai penurunan fungsi mental dan fisik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan tinjauan bagaimana faktor kelemahan rongga mulut memengaruhi kesehatan umum pada lansia. Studi sistematis dilakukan dengan tiga database elektronik (PubMed, Wiley, dan Scopus). Identifikasi artikel (uji klinis acak, studi prospektif, studi retrospektif) yang ditulis dalam bahasa Inggris dan diterbitkan selama sepuluh tahun terakhir. Sebanyak 11 artikel disertakan dalam penelitian ini. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penurunan jumlah gigi berkaitan pada penurunan fungsi kognitif dan kekuatan fisik pada lansia. Edentulous ridge serta jenis dan kondisi gigi palsu berpengaruh terhadap otot pengunyahan, status oklusal, dan keseimbangan postural lansia. Perubahan struktural otot mastikasi berkaitan dengan penurunan asupan nutrisi, penurunan berat badan, penurunan fungsi kognitif, penurunan kekuatan fisik (dilihat dari kekuatan genggaman tangan), dan peningkatan resiko ketergantungan lansia. Penurunan kekuatan otot mastikasi memiliki keterkaitan dengan peningkatan resiko terjadinya Alzheimer dan ketidakseimbangan postural pada lansia. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah faktor kelemahan pada rongga mulut seperti jumlah gigi, penggunaan gigi palsu, otot pengunyahan dan kekuatan maksimum gigitan berhubungan dengan kesehatan umum pada lansia.
Kata kunci: kelemahan rongga mulut; fungsi rongga mulut; ketidakmampuan fisik
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