Uji Daya Hambat Ekstrak Daun Bitung (Barringtonia asiatica) terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Porphyromonas gingivalis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35790/eg.v14i1.64954Keywords:
bakteri Porphyromonas gingivalis; daun bitung (Barringtonia asiatica)Abstract
Abstract: Porphyromonas gingivalis is a Gram-negative anaerobic bacterium and one of the main etiological agents of periodontal disease, which is a common oral health problem in the community. Management of periodontal disease generally involves scaling and root planing, accompanied by antibiotics such as metronidazole. However, long-term use of antibiotics may lead to adverse effects, including bacterial resistance and hypersensitivity reactions. Therefore, safer alternative antibacterial agents are needed. One natural ingredient with antibacterial potential is the bitung plant (Barringtonia asiatica), which is known to contain active compounds such as flavonoids, saponins, steroids, alkaloids, phenols, and tannins. This study aimed to evaluate the inhibitory effect of Barringtonia asiatica leaf extract on the growth of P. gingivalis. The test used the disc diffusion method. Extract samples were prepared at concentrations of 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%, with positive control (metronidazole) and negative control (aquades). The test was conducted at the Pharmaceutical Microbiology Laboratory, FMIPA, Universitas Sam Ratulangi. The results showed that Barringtonia asiatica leaf extract exhibited antibacterial activity against P. gingivalis at all tested concentrations. The largest mean inhibition zone was observed at the 25% concentration and categorized as very strong. In conclusion, Barringtonia asiatica leaf extract has inhibitory effects on the growth of Porphyromonas gingivalis bacteria.
Keywords: Porphyromonas gingivalis bacteria; bitung leaf (Barringtonia asiatica)
Abstrak: Porphyromonas gingivalis merupakan bakteri Gram negatif anaerob yang menjadi salah satu penyebab utama penyakit periodontal yang banyak ditemukan di masyarakat. Penanganan umum penyakit ini dilakukan melalui scaling, root planning, dan pemberian antibiotik seperti metronidazole, namun, penggunaan antibiotik jangka panjang dapat menimbulkan efek samping seperti resistensi dan reaksi hipersensitivitas, sehingga diperlukan alternatif antibakteri yang lebih aman. Salah satu tanaman yang memiliki potensi antibakteri ialah daun bitung (Barringtonia asiatica) yang mengandung senyawa aktif seperti flavonoid, saponin, steroid, alkaloid, fenol dan tanin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji daya hambat ekstrak daun bitung terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri P. gingivalis. Penelitian dilakukan secara eksperimental laboratorium dengan rancangan post-test only control group design menggunakan metode difusi cakram. Sampel dibagi menjadi enam kelompok: ekstrak daun bitung konsentrasi 25%, 50%, 75%, dan 100%, kontrol positif (metronidazole), serta kontrol negatif (akuades). Pengujian dilakukan di Laboratorium Mikrobiologi Farmasi FMIPA Universitas Sam Ratulangi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak daun bitung mampu menghambat pertumbuhan P. gingivalis pada seluruh konsentrasi uji, dengan zona hambat terbesar ditemukan pada konsentrasi 25% dan masuk dalam kategori sangat kuat. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah ekstrak daun bitung (Barringtonia asiatica) memiliki potensi sebagai agen antibakteri terhadap Porphyromonas gingivalis.
Kata kunci: bakteri Porphyromonas gingivalis; daun bitung (Barringtonia asiatica)
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