Pengaruh Penggunaan Composite Sealer terhadap Kekasaran Permukaan Resin Komposit Nanohibrid yang Direndam dalam Obat Kumur Probiotik Non-Alkohol
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35790/eg.v15i1.65899Keywords:
komposit nanohibrid; surface sealant; obat kumur probiotik; kekasaran permukaanAbstract
Abstract: Surface roughness of dental composite resins influences oral biofilm accumulation, which is associated with increased plaque retention and gingival inflammation. Finishing and polishing procedures aim to minimize surface irregularities. However, microscopic defects often remain on composite surfaces. Composite surface sealants are applied after polishing to penetrate and seal these microdefects, potentially improving surface integrity, however previous studies have reported inconsistent results. This study aimed to evaluate the behavior of sealed composite surfaces exposed to commonly used oral hygiene products, including probiotic mouthrinse. This was an in vitro experimental study using 14 cylindrical-shaped nanohybrid composite specimens divided into two groups (n=7): NH (Filtek Z250XT without sealer) and NHC (Filtek Z250XT with PermaSeal). Specimens were light-cured perpendicular to the surface, polished, and stored in artificial saliva for 24 hours at 37oC. Subsequently, specimens were immersed in MeToo probiotic non-alchocol mouthwash for 24 hours at 37oC. Surface roughness was measured using a surface roughness tester. Data were analyzed using the Shapiro-Wilk normality test and the variance homogeneity with Levene’s test. Group comparison used Welch’s t-test, and Mann-Whitney U served as sensitivity analysis. The results showed that the mean Ra was higher in NH than NHC (0.860±0.309 and 0.614±0.104 µm). The mean differences (NH-NHC) was 0.246 µm. The between group difference was not statistically significant (t-test p = 0,069 and 0,084). In conclusion, PermaSeal showed a tendency to reduce surface roughness after immersion in a non-alcohol probiotic mouthwash, but the difference was not statistically significant under the present conditions.
Keywords: nanohybrid composite; surface sealant; probiotic mouthwash; surface roughness
Abstrak: Kekasaran permukaan resin komposit memengaruhi akumulasi biofilm oral, yang berhubungan dengan peningkatan retensi plak dan risiko inflamasi gingiva. Prosedur finishing dan polishing bertujuan untuk mengurangi ketidakteraturan permukaan, namun defek mikro sering kali masih tersisa pada permukaan komposit. Composite surface sealant diaplikasikan setelah polishing untuk menembus dan menutup defek mikro tersebut sehingga berpotensi memperbaiki integritas permukaan, namun efektivitasnya masih menunjukkan hasil bervariasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi perilaku permukaan komposit yang diberi surface sealant setelah paparan produk kebersihan mulut yang umum digunakan, termasuk obat kumur probiotik. Jenis penelitian ialah eksperimental in vitro, menggunakan 14 sampel resin komposit nanohibrid berbentuk silinder yang dibagi menjadi dua kelompok (n=7): NH (komposit nanohibrid tanpa sealer) dan NHC (komposit nanohibrid dengan PermaSeal). Penyinaran dilakukan tegak lurus terhadap permukaan, kemudian dipoles, dan direndam dalam saliva buatan selama 24 jam pada suhu 37oC. Selanjutnya sampel direndam dalam obat kumur MeToo probiotik non-alkohol selama 24 jam pada suhu 37oC. Kekasaran permukaan diukur dengan surface roughness tester. Uji statistik menggunakan uji Saphiro-Wilk dan Levene. Perbandingan antar kelompok dianalisis dengan uji t sebagai analisis sensitivitas. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan rerata Ra kelompok NH lebih tinggi dibanding NHC (0,860±0,309 dan 0,614±0,104 µm), dengan selisih rerata NH dan NHC 0,246 µm, namun perbedaannya tidak bermakna (t-test p=0,069 dan 0,084). Simpulan penelitian ini ialah PermaSeal menunjukkan kecenderungan menurunkan kekasaran permukaan setelah perendaman dalam obat kumur probiotik non-alkohol, namun perbedaannya tidak bermakna.
Kata kunci: komposit nanohibrid; surface sealant; obat kumur probiotik; kekasaran permukaan
References
1. Bollen CML, Lambrechts P, Quirynen M. Comparison of surface roughness of oral hard materials to the threshold surface roughness for bacterial plaque retention: a review of the literature. Dent Mater. 1997;13(4):258–69. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0109-5641(97)80038-3
2. Sarac D, Sarac YS, Kulunk S, Ural C, Kulunk T. The effect of polishing techniques on the surface roughness and color change of composite resins. J Prosthet Dent. 2006;96(1):33–40. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prosdent.2006.04.012
3. Attar N. The effect of finishing and polishing procedures on the surface roughness of composite resin materials. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2007;8(1):27–35. Doi: https://doi.org/10.5005/jcdp-8-1-27
4. Korkmaz Y, Ozel E, Attar N, Aksoy G. The influence of one-step polishing systems on the surface roughness and microhardness of nanocomposites. Oper Dent. 2008;33(1):44–50. Doi: https://doi.org/10.2341/07-28
5. Lu H, Roeder LB, Lei L, Powers JM. Effect of surface roughness on stain resistance of dental resin composites. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2005;17(2):102–12. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1708-8240.2005.tb00094.x
6. Badra VV, Faraoni JJ, Ramos RP, Palma-Dibb RG. Influence of different beverages on the microhardness and surface roughness of resin composites. Oper Dent. 2005;30(2):213–9. Available from: https:// europepmc.org/article/MED/15853107
7. Miranda DA, Bertoldo CEB, Aguiar FHB, Lima DANL, Lovadino JR. Effects of mouthwashes on Knoop hardness and surface roughness of dental composites after different immersion times. Braz Oral Res. 2011;25(2):168–73. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1590/S1806-83242011000200012
8. Festuccia MS, Garcia LF, Cruvinel DR, Pires-de-Souza FCP. Color stability, surface roughness and microhardness of composites submitted to mouthrinsing action. J Appl Oral Sci. 2012;20(2):200–5. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1590/S1678-77572012000200013
9. Gürgan S, Onen A, Köprülü H. In vitro effects of alcohol-containing and alcohol-free mouthrinses on microhardness of some restorative materials. J Oral Rehabil. 1997;24(3):244–6. Doi: https://doi.org/10.111/j.1365-2842.1997.tb00321.x
10. Penugonda B, Settembrini L, Scherer W, Hittelman E, Strassler H. Alcohol-containing mouthwashes: effect on composite hardness. J Clin Dent. 1994;5(2):60–62. Available from: https:// pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7999290/
11. Takeuchi CYG, Orbegoso Flores VH, Palma-Dibb RG, Panzeri H, Lara EHG, Dinelli W. Assessing the surface roughness of a posterior resin composite: effect of surface sealing. Oper Dent. 2003;28(3):281–6. Available from: https://europepmc.org/article/MED/12760700
12. López-Valverde N, López-Valverde A, de Sousa BM, Rodrigues C. Role of probiotics in halitosis of oral origin: a systematic review. Front Nutr. 2022;8:787908. Doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2021.787908
13. Alhallak E, Kouchaje C, Hasan A, Makieh R. Evaluation of the effectiveness of probiotic mouthwashes in reducing dental plaque in primary and permanent teeth: a randomized clinical trial. Cureus. 2022;14(8):e28125. Doi: https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.28125
14. Karatas O, Delikan E, Erturk Avunduk AT. Comparative evaluation of probiotic solutions on surface roughness and microhardness of different restorative materials and enamel. J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2024;48(3):107–19. Doi: https://doi.org/10.22514/jocpd.2024.064
15. Fortuna G, Kardinoto B, Pandita SS. Pengaruh perendaman resin komposit nanofil dalam obat kumur probiotik non-alkohol terhadap kekerasan permukaan. e-GiGi. 2026;14(1):13–19. Doi: https://doi.org/10.35790/eg.v14i1.61690
16. Dickinson GL, Leinfelder KF. Assessing the long-term effect of a surface penetrating sealant. J Am Dent Assoc. 1993;124(7):68–72. Doi: https://doi.org/10.14219/jada.archive.1993.0265
17. Perez CR, Hirata R Jr, Silva AHMFT, Sampaio EM, Miranda MS. Effect of a glaze/composite sealant on the 3-D surface roughness of esthetic restorative materials. Oper Dent. 2009;34(6):674–680. Doi: https://doi.org/10.2341/08-014-L
18. Ultradent Products Inc. PermaSeal™—Penetrating composite sealer (product information) [Internet]. [cited 2025 Dec 22]. Available from: Ultradent website.
19. Khalaj K, Tayefi-Nasrabadi M, Soudi A. The evaluation of surface sealants’ effect on the surface roughness of nano-hybrid composite after polishing with One-Step system (in vitro). J Clin Exp Dent. 2018;10(7):e635–e641. Doi: https://doi.org/10.4317/jced.54858
20. Cilli R, de Mattos MCR, Honório HM, Rios D, de Araújo PA, Prakki A. The role of surface sealants in the roughness of composites after a simulated toothbrushing test. J Dent. 2009;37(12):970–7. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2009.08.002
21. Lopes MB, Saquy PC, Moura SK, Wang L, Graciano FM, Correr-Sobrinho L. Effect of different surface penetrating sealants on roughness of a nanofiller composite resin. Braz Dent J. 2012;23(6):692–7. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-64402012000600011
22. Bagis B, Tüzüner T, Turgut S, Korkmaz FM, Baygin O, Bagis YH. Effects of protective resin coating on the surface roughness and color stability of resin-based restorative materials. ScientificWorldJournal. 2014;2014:832947. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/832947
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Gloria Fortuna, Nadia Hardini, Fidelia Serafina
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
COPYRIGHT
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
Authors hold their copyright and grant this journal the privilege of first publication, with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that permits others to impart the work with an acknowledgment of the work's origin and initial publication by this journal.
Authors can enter into separate or additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (for example, post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its underlying publication in this journal.
Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (for example, in institutional repositories or on their website) as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of the published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
