e-GiGi

Analisis Kandungan Mineral Air Tanah dan Gambaran Status Karies Gigi pada Masyarakat Desa Mala Kepulauan Talaud

2023-12-31T18:09:36+08:00

Abstract: Elements present in ground water can be influenced by the surrounding environment. High levels of fluorine and calcium in ground water can have an impact on public health, including dental health. The most common dental and oral health problem in people of all age groups is dental caries. This study aimed to analyze the mineral content of ground water and to describe the status of dental caries in the community at Desa Mala. This was a descriptive study with a cross-sectional design using total sampling of age group of 20-50 years with a population of 110 people. Water samples were tested in the laboratory for its fluoride content and hardness. The results obtained 74 people as subjects according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Fluorine content in drinking water samples was 0.36 mg/L and the hardness (CaCO3) was 294 mg/L. The average of DMF-T index measurement of dental caries of subjects was 7.6. In conclusion, the fluoride level and hardness of the well water in the Desa Mala community is suitable for drinking, however, the dental caries profile in the community is very high.

Keywords: mineral content of groundwater; dental caries status; fluor; calcium

Abstrak: Unsur-unsur yang ada dalam air, dapat dipengaruhi oleh lingkungan sekitar. Kadar fluor dan kalsium yang tinggi dalam air dapat berdampak pada kesehatan masyarakat termasuk kesehatan gigi. Masalah kesehatan gigi dan mulut yang paling banyak ditemui pada masyarakat dengan berbagai golongan umur ialah karies gigi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kandungan mineral air dalam tanah dan mengetahui gambaran status karies gigi pada masyarakat di Desa Mala. Jenis penelitian ialah deskriptif dengan desain potong lintang dengan total sampling pada golongan usia 20–50 tahun dengan jumlah populasi 110 orang serta melakukan uji sampel air di laboratorium untuk menguji fluor dan kesadahan dalam air. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan 74 orang sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi dan ekslusi. Kandungan fluor dalam air minum sebesar 0,36 mg/L dan kesadahan (CaCO3) sebesar 294 mg/L. Hasil pengukuran indeks DMF-T karies gigi pada sampel penelitian sebesar 7,6. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah kadar fluor dan kesadahan air sumur di Desa Mala masih layak untuk diminum sedangkan gambaran karies gigi pada masyarakat tergolong masih sangat tinggi.

Kata kunci: kandungan mineral air tanah; status karies gigi; fluor; kalsium

Efektivitas Ekstrak Daun Mangrove Bruguiera Gymnorrhiza Terhadap Bakteri Enterococcus Faecalis sebagai Alternatif Larutan Irigasi Perawatan Saluran Akar

2023-12-31T18:00:12+08:00

Abstract: Enterococcus faecalis is often found in infected and after complete treatment root canals. Currently, there is still no effective root canal irrigants, therefore, other alternatives are needed. Bruguiera gymnorrhiza mangrove leaves contain active compounds such as flavonoids, tannins, phenols, saponins and alkaloids which are capable of inhibiting several types of bacteria. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of inhibition of Bruguiera gymnorrhiza mangrove leaf extract on the growth of Enterococcus faecalis. This was a true experimental and laboratory study with a post test control group design. The test method used was the modified method of Kirby-Bauer. Samples were divided into four groups with several concentrations (60 %, 70%, 80%, 90%), NaOCl 2,5% as the positive control, and aquadest as the negative control. Bruguiera gymnorrhiza mangrove leaf samples were extracted using maceration method with 96% ethanol solvent. Enterococcus faecalis bacteria were rejuvenated in the Laboratory of Microbiology Farmasi FMIPA Unsrat. The normality test showed a p-value of >0.05, which meant that the data were normally distributed. The one-way ANOVA test showed a p-value of <0.05, meaning that there was a difference in each treatment. The Tukey's HSD test showed a significant difference between treatments. In conclusion, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza mangrove leaf extract is capable to inhibit Enterococcus faecalis at concentrations of 60%, 70%, 80%, and 90%, especially at concentration of 90%.

Keywords: Bruguiera gymnorrhiza mangrove leaves; Enterococcus faecalis; root canal treatment

Abstrak: Enterococcus faecalis sering ditemukan pada saluran akar terinfeksi dan setelah selesai perawatan. Dewasa ini belum ada bahan irigasi yang efektif membersihkan saluran akar, sehingga diperlukan alternatif lain. Daun mangrove Bruguiera gymnorrhiza mengandung senyawa aktif seperti flavonoid, tanin, fenol, saponin dan alkaloid yang mampu menghambat beberapa jenis bakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektifitas daya hambat ekstrak daun mangrove Bruguiera gymnorrhiza terhadap pertumbuhan Enterococcus faecalis. Jenis penelitian ialah eksperimental laboratorik murni dengan post test control group design. Metode pengujian yang digunakan yaitu modifikasi Kirby-Bauer menggunakan sumuran. Sampel dibagi dalam empat kelompok masing-masing diberi konsentrasi 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, kontrol positif (NaOCl 2,5%), dan kontrol negatif (akuades). Sampel daun mangrove Bruguiera gymnorrhiza diekstraksi dengan metode maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 96%. Bakteri Enterococcus faecalis diambil dan diremajakan di Laboratorium Mikrobiologi Farmasi FMIPA Unsrat. Hasil uji normalitas menunjukkan p>0,05 yang berarti data terdistribusi normal. Uji one way ANOVA menunjukkan p<0,05 yang berarti terdapat perbedaan dari setiap perlakuan. Uji Tukey’s HSD menunjukkan adanya perbedaan bermakna antar perlakuan. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah ekstrak daun mangrove Bruguiera gymnorrhiza mampu menghambat bakteri Enterococcus faecalis pada konsentrasi 60%, 70%, 80%, dan 90%, terlebih pada konsentrasi 90%.

Kata kunci: daun mangrove Bruguiera gymnorrhiza; Enterococcus faecalis; perawatan saluran akar

Penggunaan Metode Game Interaktif untuk Edukasi Menggosok Gigi terhadap Kebersihan Gigi dan Mulut serta Kesehatan Gingiva pada Anak Tunanetra

2023-12-14T20:43:50+08:00

Abstract: Visually impaired children need special care in maintaining their oral health. This study aimed to determine the impact of interactive games for tooth brushing education on the oral hygiene status and gingival index of children with visual impairments. This was a quasi-experimental study design with a pretest and post-test design. Subjects were 32 visually impaired Childrens aged 12–15 years old in SLB Yaketunis Yogyakarta, SLBN 1 Bantul Yogyakarta dan SLB-A YAAT Klaten. This study used the scoring of oral health status with PHP-M and gingival index with Loe and Silness method. Dental health education regarding tooth anatomy was done on day 2,3 and 4 with braille puzzle. Subjects would be able to feel the teeth models while listening to audio containing modified songs to educate them about tooth brushing method. Tooth brushing education was carried out again on days 8, 9 and 10. The subjects were then evaluated on the 14th day. Data on the difference of oral hygiene scores and gingival index before and after the education were analyzed using the paired T-test. The results showed there were significant differences in oral hygiene scores and the Gingival Index based on paired T-test (p<0.05). The mean and standard deviation of the difference in oral hygiene scores was 0.629±0.297 and the gingival index was 0.242±0.117. In conclusion, the use of interactive game methods for tooth brushing education could improve oral hygiene and gingival health in visually impaired children.

Keywords: interactive game, visually impaired children, oral hygiene, gingival health

Abstrak: Anak tunanetra memerlukan pelayanan khusus sesuai keterbatasannya agar mendapatkan kemudahan dalam menjaga kesehatan gigi dan mulut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan metode game interaktif untuk edukasi menggosok gigi terhadap kebersihan gigi dan mulut serta kesehatan gingiva pada anak tunanetra. Jenis penelitian ialah eksperimental semu dengan pretest-posttest design. Subyek penelitian sejumlah 32 anak tunanetra usia 12–15 tahun yang bersekolah di SLB Yaketunis Yogyakarta, SLB N 1 Bantul Yogyakarta dan SLB-A YAAT Klaten. Pada hari pertama penelitian dilakukan skoring kebersihan gigi dan mulut menggunakan PHP-M dan dilakukan skor kesehatan gingiva menggunakan indeks gingiva menurut Loe dan Silness. Hari ke 2, 3, dan 4 dilakukan edukasi menggunakan puzzle Braille sebagai media bermain sambil belajar tentang anatomi gigi sambil diperdengarkan audio berisi lagu yang dimodifikasi untuk edukasi menggosok gigi yang baik,dan benar. Edukasi dilakukan kembali pada hari ke 8, 9 dan 10. Pada hari ke 14 dikakukan skoring kembali seperti yang dilakukan pada hari pertama. Data selisih skor kebersihan gigi dan mulut dan indeks gingiva sebelum dan sesuadah perlakuan dilakukan analisis menggunakan uji paired T-test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rerata dan standar deviasi selisih skor kebersihan gigi dan mulut 0,629± 0,297 dan indeks gingiva 0,242±0,117. Hasil analisis uji paired T-test mnunjukkan perbedaan bermakna pada skor kebersihan gigi dan mulut maupun Indeks Gingiva (p<0,05). Simpulan penelitian ini ialah penggunaan metode game interaktif untuk edukasi menggosok gigi dapat meningkatkan keberihan gigi dan mulut serta kesehatan gingiva pada anak tunanetra.

Kata kunci: metode game interaktif, anak tunanetra, kebersihan gigi dan mulut, kesehatan gingiva

Pengaruh Tingkat Keparahan Karies terhadap Kebiasaan Mengunyah Satu Sisi pada Anak Usia 12-14 Tahun

2023-12-14T20:50:31+08:00

Abstract: Unilateral chewing can cause tooth malposition and abnormalities in jaw growth and development. This study aimed to determine the influence of caries severity as the etiology of unilateral chewing habits. This was an analytical study with a cross sectional design. Subjects were junior high school students at Gamping District, Sleman, Special Region of Yogyakarta obtained by using simple random sampling as many as 211 subjects. Unilateral chewing assessment was carried out using the direct method by letting the child chewed gum. Measurement of caries severity was carried out using the index introduced by Shimono. Data analysis was carried out using the chi-square test to compare the severity of caries in the two chewing groups. The results showed that 129 (61.14%) out of 211 subjects had unilateral chewing habit. The severity of caries in the unilateral chewing group was moderate (21.33%), high (20.85%), and low (18.96%), respectively. Meanwhile, in the bilateral chewing group, the severity of caries was low (17.54%), moderate (11.85%), and high (9.54%). There was no significant difference (p>0.05) between the severity of caries in the unilateral and the bilateral chewing groups. In conclusion, children with unilateral chewing habits tend to have a higher level of caries severity, although this was not significant. The result is expected to provide knowledge and as a basis for predicting the risk of unilateral chewing due to caries condition.

Keywords: unilateral chewing; bilateral chewing; caries severity; children

Abstrak: Mengunyah satu sisi dapat menyebabkan terjadinya malposisi gigi hingga kelainan tumbuh kembang rahang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh tingkat keparahan karies sebagai etiologi terjadinya kebiasaan mengunyah satu sisi. Jenis penelitian ialah analitik dengan desain potong lintang. Subyek penelitian ialah 211 siswa Sekolah Menengah Pertama di Kecamatan Gamping, Sleman, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, diambil secara simple random sampling. Penilaian mengunyah satu sisi dilakukan dengan metode langsung (direct), yaitu dengan membiarkan anak mengunyah permen karet. Pengukuran keparahan karies dilakukan dengan indeks Shimono. Analisis data menggunakan uji chi-square untuk membandingkan tingkat keparahan karies pada kedua kelompok mengunyah. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan 129 dari 211 anak (61,14%) memiliki kebiasaan mengunyah satu sisi. Tingkat keparahan karies pada kelompok mengunyah satu sisi paling banyak pada tingkat keparahan karies sedang (21,33%), diikuti tinggi (20,85%), dan rendah (18,96%). Pada kelompok mengunyah dua sisi, tingkat keparahan karies paling banyak pada tingkat keparahan karies rendah (17,54%), diikuti sedang (11,85%), dan tinggi (9,54%). Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna (p>0,05) antara tingkat keparahan karies kedua kelompok. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah kelompok anak dengan kebiasaan mengunyah satu sisi cenderung memiliki tingkat keparahan karies lebih tinggi, meskipun secara statistik tidak bermakna. Hasilnya diharapkan dapat memberikan manfaat berupa pengetahuan dan sebagai dasar prediksi risiko terjadinya mengunyah satu sisi karena kondisi karies.

Kata kunci: mengunyah satu sisi; mengunyah dua sisi; tingkat keparahan karies; anak

Hubungan antara Kelemahan Fisik dengan Kelemahan Rongga Mulut pada Lansia

2024-02-07T07:53:24+08:00

Abstract: Oral frailty is declined oral cavity function, along with a decrease in mental and physical capabilities. This study aimed to provide a review about oral frailty factors affecting general health in the elderly. A systematic search was conducted using three electronic databases (PubMed, Wiley, and Scopus). Articles written in English (randomized clinical trial, prospective study, retrospective study) and published over the last ten years were identified. There were 11 out of 65 articles were included in this study. The results showed that a decreased number of teeth was related to a decrease in cognitive function and physical strength in the elderly. The edentulous ridge, and denture type and condition affect masticatory muscles, occlusal status, and postural balance of the elderly. Masticatory muscle structural changes were related to decreased nutritional intake, weight loss, decreased cognitive function, decreased physical strength (seen from hand grip strength), and increased risk of elderly dependence. Decreased masticatory muscle strength was associated with increased risk of Alzheimer's and postural imbalance in the elderly. In conclusion, oral weakness factors such as the number of teeth, use of dentures, masticatory muscles and maximum bite strength are associated with general health in the elderly.

Keywords: oral frailty; oral function; physical frailty

Abstrak: Kelemahan rongga mulut merupakan penurunan fungsi rongga mulut yang disertai penurunan fungsi mental dan fisik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan tinjauan bagaimana faktor kelemahan rongga mulut memengaruhi kesehatan umum pada lansia. Studi sistematis dilakukan dengan tiga database elektronik (PubMed, Wiley, dan Scopus). Identifikasi artikel (uji klinis acak, studi prospektif, studi retrospektif) yang ditulis dalam bahasa Inggris dan diterbitkan selama sepuluh tahun terakhir. Sebanyak 11 artikel disertakan dalam penelitian ini. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penurunan jumlah gigi berkaitan pada penurunan fungsi kognitif dan kekuatan fisik pada lansia. Edentulous ridge serta jenis dan kondisi gigi palsu berpengaruh terhadap otot pengunyahan, status oklusal, dan keseimbangan postural lansia. Perubahan struktural otot mastikasi berkaitan dengan penurunan asupan nutrisi, penurunan berat badan, penurunan fungsi kognitif, penurunan kekuatan fisik (dilihat dari kekuatan genggaman tangan), dan peningkatan resiko ketergantungan lansia. Penurunan kekuatan otot mastikasi memiliki keterkaitan dengan peningkatan resiko terjadinya Alzheimer dan ketidakseimbangan postural pada lansia. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah faktor kelemahan pada rongga mulut seperti jumlah gigi, penggunaan gigi palsu, otot pengunyahan dan kekuatan maksimum gigitan berhubungan dengan kesehatan umum pada lansia.

Kata kunci: kelemahan rongga mulut; fungsi rongga mulut; ketidakmampuan fisik

Efektivitas Waktu Perubahan Perilaku Lanjut Usia Pengguna Gigi Tiruan Lengkap dengan Menggunakan Video Pembersihan Gigi Tiruan Lengkap

2024-02-01T11:05:48+08:00

Abstract: Aging process brings about several problems, particularly in the realm of oral health inter alia tooth loss in elderly. Dental prosthetic treatments, such as complete denture treatment can be employed to restore aesthetic, masticatory, and phonetic functions. The timing of follow-up appointments significantly influences the success of complete denture treatments. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of using educational videos of cleaning complete dentures on time of behavior change among the elderly residents at Panti Jompo Pusaka 41 Yayasan Al-Madiniyah. This was an experimental study with a cross-sectional design using a questionnaire consisting of 15 questions. The results obtained 22 elderlies as subjects. Data collection was performed four times: before the video intervention; control I (one day after the video intervention); control II (one week after control I); and control III (two weeks after control II). Changes in elderly behavior were tested using the Friedman test. The results showed that the most significant change of behavior was during control I, which was one day after receiving instructions in the form of a video. The Friedman test resulted in a p-value of 0.001. In conclusion, the best follow-up time that resulted in the most significant improvement in behavior is control I, which is one day after the administration of instructional videos.

Keywords: elderly; complete denture; control time; educational videos; behaviour

Abstrak: Bertambahnya usia akan menimbulkan beberapa permasalahan, khususnya di bidang kesehatan gigi dan mulut; salah satunya ialah kehilangan gigi pada kelompok lanjut usia (lansia). Pada kehilangan gigi dapat dilakukan perawatan gigi tiruan lengkap (GTL) untuk mengembalikan fungsi estetik, mastikasi, dan fonetik. Waktu kontrol memiliki pengaruh besar dalam keberhasilan perawatan GTL. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas penggunaan video edukasi pembersihan GTL terhadap waktu perubahan perilaku lansia pengguna GTL di Panti Jompo Pusaka 41 Yayasan Al-Madiniyah. Jenis penelitian ialah eksperimental dengan desain potong lintang dan menggunakan kuesioner berisi 15 pertanyaan. Pengambilan data dilakukan sebanyak empat kali, yaitu sebelum diberikan video; kontrol I, sehari setelah pemberian video; kontrol II, satu minggu setelah kontrol I; dan kontrol III, dua minggu setelah kontrol II. Perubahan perilaku lansia diuji menggunakan uji Friedman. Hasil penelitian ini mendapatkan 22 lansia sebagai subjek penelitian. Perilaku lansia mengalami perubahan paling bermakna pada saat kontrol I dengan hasil uji p=0,001. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah waktu kontrol terbaik yang memberikan peningkatan perilaku paling bermakna ialah kontrol I, yaitu sehari setelah pemberian instruksi berupa video.

Kata kunci: lanjut usia; gigi tiruan lengkap; waktu kontrol; video edukasi

Efek Antifungi Sediaan Pasta Gigi Ekstrak Teh Hijau (Camellia sinensis L.) dan Peppermint (Menthapiperita) terhadap Candida albicans

2024-02-01T11:17:52+08:00

Abstract: Candida albicans are normal flora of the oral cavity that are opportunistically pathogenic and becomes the main causative agent of oral candidiasis. The addition of herbal ingredients to toothpaste is a solution to resistance and synthetic antifungal side effects. Green tea and peppermint extracts are known to have an antifungal role with various active ingredients such as catechins, tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids, alkaloids, and saponins. This study aimed to determine the antifungal effect of toothpaste preparations of green tea extract and peppermint on C. albicans. This study used the agar diffusion method at several concentrations of green tea and peppermint extracts in toothpaste preparations, namely 1000 mg/ml, 500 mg/ml, 250 mg/ml, 125 mg/ml, 62,5 mg/ml and 31,25 mg/ml. The results showed that there was an antifungal effect of green tea and peppermint extract toothpaste against C. albicans at a concentration of 1000 mg/ml with an average inhibition zone diameter of 7.19 mm. The smallest inhibition zone was 125 mg/ml with a diameter of 1.16 mm. In conclusion, green tea and peppermint extract toothpastes have antifungal effects. The higher the concentration of the extract used in the toothpaste preparation, the greater the antifungal inhibition zone formed.

Keywords: Candida albicans; antifungal toothpaste; green tea; peppermint

Abstrak: Candida albicans merupakan flora normal rongga mulut yang bersifat patogen oportunistik dan menjadi agen penyebab utama kandidiasis oral. Penambahan bahan herbal pada pasta gigi mikroba merupakan solusi terhadap resistensi dan efek samping antijamur sintetik. Ekstrak teh hijau dan peppermint diketahui memiliki peran sebagai antijamur dengan berbagai kandungan aktifnya seperti katekin, tanin, flavonoid, terpenoid, alkaloid dan saponin. Mengetahui efek antifungi sediaan pasta gigi ekstrak teh hijau dan peppermint terhadap C. albicans. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode difusi agar dengan beberapa konsentrasi ekstrak teh hijau dan peppermint dalam sediaan pasta gigi yaitu 1000 mg/ml, 500 mg/ml, 250 mg/ml, 125 mg/ml, 62,5 mg/ml dan 31,25 mg/ml. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan adanya efek antifungi pada pasta gigi ekstrak teh hijau dan peppermint terhadap C. albicans pada konsentrasi 1000 mg/ml dengan diameter zona hambat rata-rata sebesar 7,19 mm. Zona hambat terkecil dari konsentrasi 125 mg/ml dengan diameter 1,16 mm. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah pasta gigi ekstrak teh hijau dan peppermint memiliki efek antijamur. Semakin tinggi konsentrasi ekstrak yang digunakan dalam sediaan pasta gigi maka semakin besar zona hambat antijamur yang terbentuk.

Kata kunci: Candida albicans; pasta gigi antifungi; teh hijau; peppermint

Pengaruh Edukasi Tentang Pemanfaatan Teledentistry terhadap Peningkatan Pengetahuan Pegawai Puskesmas

2024-02-18T09:18:54+08:00

Abstract: The government of Indonesia has issued technical guidelines for dental and oral health services at first-level health facilities using teledentistry. Knowledge regarding teledentistry among health care workers in first-level health facilities, especially in community health centers has been considered essential. This study aimed to determine the effect of education regarding teledentistry on increasing the knowledge of Cipanas Community Health Center, Garut Regency. This quasi-experimental study involved 44 health care workers of the Health Center. The questionnaire used consists of 15 items which have been tested for validity and reliability. Pre-test was conducted before receiving material regarding the teledentistry in the form of power point text (PPT), meanwhile, post-test was conducted immediately after material delivery was completed. Paired Sample T-test was carried out to see the difference between pre-test and post-test scores. ANOVA test was carried out to evaluate the difference between pre-test and post-test scores based on respondent characteristics. There was a significant difference between pre-test mean score of 7.5 and post-test mean score of 12.3 (p=0.000). There was a significant difference between pre-test mean score based on educational level (p=0.028) and occupation (p=0.018). There was a significant difference between post-test mean score based on educational level (p=0.009). In conclusion, there is an increase in the knowledge of healthcare workers of Cipanas Community Health Center after receiving educational material regarding teledentistry.

Keywords: Covid-19; dentist; community health center; health workers; teledentistry

Abstrak: Pemerintah Indonesia telah mengeluarkan petunjuk teknis pelayanan kesehatan gigi dan mulut pada fasilitas kesehatan tingkat pertama (FKTP) dengan menggunakan teledentistry. Pengetahuan terkait teledentistry dianggap penting bagi tenaga medis dan tenaga kesehatan FKTP, terutama pusat kesehatan masyarakat (Puskesmas). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh edukasi tentang teledentistry terhadap peningkatan pengetahuan pegawai Puskesmas Cipanas Kabupaten Garut. Studi kuasi eksperimental ini melibatkan 44 pegawai Puskesmas Cipanas Kabupaten Garut. Kuesioner yang digunakan terdiri dari 15 item yang telah diuji validitas serta reliabilitasnya. Pre-test diberikan sebelum mendapatkan materi mengenai teledentistry dalam bentuk power point text (PPT) sedangkan post-test dikerjakan segera setelah pemberian materi selesai. Uji paired sample t-test dilakukan untuk melihat perbedaan nilai pre-test dan post-test. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan perbedaan bermakna antara rerata nilai pre-test sebesar 7,5 dan post-test sebesar 12,3 (p=0,000). Uji ANOVA menunjukkan perbedaan bermakna nilai rerata pre-test responden berdasarkan variabel tingkat pendidikan (p=0,028) dan pekerjaan (p=0,018). Terdapat perbedaan bermakna nilai rerata post-test responden berdasarkan variabel tingkat pendidikan (p=0,009). Simpulan penelitian ini ialah terdapat peningkatan pengetahuan pegawai Puskesmas Cipanas Kabupaten Garut setelah mendapatkan materi edukasi mengenai teledentistry.

Kata kunci: Covid-19; dokter gigi; puskesmas; tenaga kesehatan; teledentistry

Pengaruh Berkumur Air Kelapa (Cocos nucifera) terhadap Laju Aliran Saliva

2023-09-26T11:01:15+08:00

Abstract: Decreased salivary flow rate can be caused by many things, inter alia age, consumption of certain drugs, and psychological effects. The benefits of coconut water have been widely studied, one of which is related to dental and oral health. However, there are still not many studies about the effects of various varieties of coconut water in increasing the flow rate of saliva, especially old coconut water which is often thrown away as waste. This study aimed to determine whether there was an effect of coconut water (Cocos nucifera) gargling on the rate of salivary flow. This was an experimental and analytical study with a quasi-experimental design, and pre-test and post-test control group design approaches. Samples were dentistry undergraduate students of Universitas Sam Ratulangi taken by simple random sampling. Samples were divided into two groups: treatment group (gargling with old coconut water) and control group (gargling with mineral water). The results showed that in the treatment group, there was an increase of salivary flow rate from 0.7114 to 1.1248 after gargling with old coconut water. Meanwhile, in the control group, there was an increase of salivary flow rate from 0.7962 to 0,8495 after gargling with mineral water. Since research data were normally distributed and homogenous, the statistical analysis was continued with the unpaired T-test which obtained a p-value of <0.001 (p<0.05). In conclusion, coconut water (Cocos nucifera) gargling can influence the salivary flow rate.

Keywords: coconut water; salivary flow rate; gargling

Abstrak: Laju aliran saliva yang menurun dapat diakibatkan oleh berbagai hal antara lain faktor usia, mengonsumsi obat-obatan tertentu, dan efek psikis. Manfaat air kelapa terhadap kesehatan antara lain kesehatan gigi dan mulut telah diteliti namun belum banyak penelitian mengenai efek air kelapa dari berbagai varietas dalam hal meningkatkan laju aliran saliva terutama air kelapa tua yang masih sering dibuang sebagai limbah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh berkumur air kelapa (Cocos nucifera) terhadap laju aliran saliva. Jenis penelitian ialah eksperimental dengan rancangan quasi eksperimental, dan pendekatan pre test dan post test control group design. Sampel penelitian ialah mahasiswa S1 PSPDG Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sam Ratulangi yang diambil secara simple random sampling dan dibagi atas dua kelompok, yaitu kelompok perlakuan (berkumur air kelapa tua) dan kelompok kontrol (berkumur air mineral). Hasil penelitian mendapatkan pada kelompok perlakuan rerata laju aliran saliva sebelum dan setelah berkumur air kelapa naik dari 0,7114 menjadi 1,1248 sedangkan pada kelompok kontrol rerata laju aliran saliva sebelum dan setelah berkumur air mineral naik dari 0,7962 menjadi 0,8495. Oleh karena data penelitian berdistribusi normal dan homogen, dilanjutkan dengan uji t tidak berpasangan yang mendapatkan nilai p<0,001 (p<0,05). Simpulan penelitian ini ialah berkumur air kelapa (Cocos nucifera) dapat meningkatkan laju aliran saliva.

Kata kunci: air kelapa; laju aliran saliva; berkumur

Pemanfaatan Youtube sebagai Sumber Pembelajaran untuk Mahasiswa

2024-02-18T09:36:36+08:00

Abstract: Technological changes have significant impacts on the field of education. Education via YouTube has increased and has a high rating in the educational sector. Modification of the learning system through social media will become a source of student learning, including clinical tutorials. This study aimed to find out an overview of the utilization of YouTube as a learning resource for students at the Faculty of Dentistry. This was a descriptive and observational study with a cross-sectional design. Respondents were students at the Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Trisakti class of 2020-2022. Data were obtained from 261 respondents using an online questionnaire through Google form media. Data analysis were presented descriptively with frequency distribution data in the form of tables and diagrams using SPSS. The results showed that the majority of respondents (84.29%) agreed with the statement that YouTube could be an accessible source of learning material with the largest number being the class of 2021 (39.1%), followed by class of 2020 (31.8%) and class of 2022 (29.1%). In conclusion, the utilization of YouTube is important as a source of student learning, one of which is in the clinical tutorial learning process.

Keywords: YouTube; clinical tutorials; learning source; students

Abstrak: Perubahan teknologi memiliki dampak yang signifikan dalam bidang pendidikan. Edukasi melalui YouTube pada bidang pendidikan mengalami peningkatan dan menduduki rating yang tinggi. Modifikasi sistem pembelajaran melalui media sosial akan menjadi sumber pembelajaran mahasiswa antara lain tutorial klinik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran penggunaan YouTube sebagai sumber pembelajaran mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi. Jenis penelitian ialah observasional deskriptif dengan desain potong lintang. Responden ialah mahasiswa/mahasiswi Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Trisakti Angkatan 2020-2022. Pengambilan data diperoleh dari 261 responden menggunakan kuesioner secara online dengan media Google form. Analisis data disajikan secara deskriptif dengan data distribusi frekuensi dalam bentuk tabel dan diagram menggunakan SPSS. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan mayoritas responden (84,29%) menyatakan setuju pada pernyataan YouTube dapat menjadi akses untuk sumber materi pembelajaran dengan angkatan paling banyak ialah pada angkatan tahun 2021 (39,1%), diikuti angkatan 2020 (31,8%), dan angkatan 2022 (29,1%). Simpulan penelitian ini ialah penggunaan YouTube penting sebagai sumber pembelajaran mahasiswa salah satunya dalam proses pembelajaran tutorial klinik.

Kata kunci: YouTube; tutorial klinik; media pembelajaran; mahasiswa

Gambaran Sikap Guru SMA Negeri 1 Kakas terhadap Karies Gigi

2024-03-27T10:38:40+08:00

Abstract: Dental caries if not prevented or treated early will affect one's health and activities. Attitudes towards caries must be seen as a preventive and careful step to ensure dental health conditions, such as checking caries to the dentist, brushing teeth regularly and regularly. Attitude factors play an important role in influencing the status of dental and oral health. Education or knowledge of teachers does not necessarily shape or encourage teachers to be consistent with what is believed to be norms, rules, ideas, habits in behavior patterns, as well as attitudes about caries. This study aimed to obtain the overview of teachers' attitude towards dental caries at SMA Negeri 1 Kakas. This was a descriptive study with a cross sectional design. Samples were teachers at SMA Negeri 1 Kakas who were willing to be respondents, obtained by using total sampling method. Instrument study was questionnaire using the Likert scale. The results showed that there were 47 teachers (94%) with very positive attitude, and three teachers (6%) with positive attitude. There were no teachers with negative and very negative attitude. In conclusion, the attitude of teachers of SMA Negeri 1 Kakas towards dental caries was classified as very positive.

Keywords: teachers’ attitude; dental caries; education; knowledge

Abstrak: Karies gigi yang tidak dicegah atau tidak ditangani sejak dini akan berpengaruh terhadap kesehatan tubuh dan aktivitas seseorang. Sikap terhadap karies harus dilihat sebagai suatu langkah preventif dan cermat untuk memastikan kondisi kesehatan gigi, seperti memeriksakan karies ke dokter gigi, menyikat gigi secara rutin dan teratur. Faktor sikap sangat berperan penting dalam memengaruhi status kesehatan gigi dan mulut. Pendidikan atau pengetahuan yang diperoleh guru tidak serta merta membentuk atau mendorong guru untuk bersikap konsisten terhadap apa yang diyakini, demikian juga sikap tentang karies. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran sikap guru terhadap karies gigi di SMA Negeri 1 Kakas. Jenis penelitian ialah deskriptif dengan desain potong lintang. Sampel penelitian yaitu guru di SMA Negeri 1 Kakas yang bersedia menjadi responden. Pengambilan sampel mengunakan metode total sampling. Instrumen penelitian berupa angket atau kuesioner dengan menggunakan skala Likert. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan subjek dengan kategori sikap sangat positif sebanyak 47 guru (94%), sikap positif sebanyak tiga guru (6%); tidak ditemukan guru dengan kategori sikap negatif dan sikap sangat negatif. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah sikap guru SMA Negeri 1 Kakas terhadap karies gigi tergolong sangat positif.

Kata kunci: sikap guru; karies gigi; pendidikan; pengetahuan

Efektivitas Minyak Kelapa Murni (Virgin Coconut Oil) terhadap Diskolorasi Gigi Akibat Teh Hitam

2024-03-27T10:01:51+08:00

Abstract: Tooth discoloration is one of the causes of loss of aesthetic function of the teeth. The most common way to restore tooth color is bleaching. Bleaching is performed by dentists with prices that tend to be expensive; therefore, natural ingredients that are easy to obtain, safe, and at a lower price are needed. In this study, the natural ingredient to be used was virgin coconut oil (VCO). This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of VCO in improving tooth color of discolored teeth. This was an experimental and laboratory study with a pretest-posttest group design. Samples were 24 first premolars divided into four treatment groups with different soaking times in VCO, namely 1 day, 2 days, 3 days and 4 days. Tooth discoloration was measured using a visual method using the Vitapan shade guide. The results of One-way ANOVA test showed a p-value of 0.001 indicating that there were differences in the values of the treatment groups before and after soaking. There was a change in tooth color in each treatment group. The most color change occurred in group 4, followed by group 3, group 2. and the least color change in group 1. In conclusion, virgin coconut oil is effective in improving tooth color with discoloration due to black tea. The most color change occurred in virgin coconut oil soaking for four days.
Keywords: virgin coconut oil, change of tooth color; discoloration; black tea

Abstrak: Diskolorasi gigi merupakan salah satu penyebab hilangnya fungsi estetika dari gigi-geligi. Salah satu cara yang paling umum dilakukan untuk mengembalikan warna gigi ialah bleaching atau pemutihan gigi. Teknik memutihkan gigi dilakukan oleh dokter gigi, dengan harga yang cenderung mahal, sehingga dibutuhkan bahan alami yang mudah didapat, aman, dan dengan harga yang lebih murah. Pada penelitian ini, bahan alami yang digunakan yaitu minyak kelapa murni atau virgin coconut oil (VCO). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi efektifitas VCO terhadap perubahan warna gigi. Jenis penelitian ialah eksperimental laboratorik dengan pretest-posttest group design. Sampel penelitian ialah 24 sampel gigi premolar satu rahang atas atau bawah yang terbagi atas empat kelompok perlakuan dengan perbedaan lama waktu perendaman dalam VCO, yaitu 1 hari, 2 hari, 3 hari dan 4 hari. Perubahan warna gigi diukur dengan metode visual menggunakan shade guide vitapan. Hasil uji One-way Anova mendapatkan nilai p=0,001, yang menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan nilai dari kelompok perlakuan sebelum dan sesudah perendaman. Perubahan warna gigi terjadi pada setiap kelompok perlakuan, dengan perubahan warna terbesar terjadi pada kelompok 4, diikuti dengan kelompok 3, kelompok 2, dan kelompok 1. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah virgin coconut oil efektif terhadap perubahan warna gigi dengan diskolorasi akibat teh hitam. Perubahan warna terbesar terjadi pada perendaman dalam virgin coconut oil selama empat hari.

Kata kunci: minyak kelapa murni; perubahan warna gigi; diskolorasi gigi; teh hitam

Hubungan Tingkat Pengetahuan tentang Bahaya Barodontalgia dengan Status Karies Gigi pada Instruktur Penyelam di Kota Manado

2024-03-27T10:12:11+08:00

Abstract: Knowledge can be the basis of attitudes towards something and ultimately underlies a person's behavior. Barodontalgia is oral pain that occurs due to changes in barometric pressure and its most common cause is caries. This study aimed to evaluate whether there was a relationship between level of knowledge about the dangers of barodontalgia and dental caries status among diving instructors in Manado. This was a descriptive and analytical study with a cross-sectional design. Samples were obtained by using the total sampling technique to all diving instructors who came to the Youth Center pier from January to February 2023. The results obtained 36 diving instructors as subjects. The level of knowledge about barodontalgia of subjects was considered as sufficient and the population DMF-T index was 3.22. The Spearman correlation test resulted in p=0.148 and r=0,246. In conclusion, there was a non-significant relationship with a weak correlation between the level of knowledge about the dangers of barodontalgia and dental carries status among diving instructors in Manado.

Keywords: barodontalgia; knowledge level; DMF-T; diving instructors

Abstrak: Pengetahuan dapat menjadi dasar untuk bersikap terhadap sesuatu dan akhirnya mendasari perilaku seseorang. Barodontalgia adalah nyeri oral yang timbul karena adanya perubahan tekanan barometrik dan paling banyak ditemukan pada penderita karies gigi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui ada tidaknya hubungan antara tingkat pengetahuan tentang bahaya barodontalgia dengan status karies gigi pada instruktur penyelam di Kota Manado. Jenis penelitian ialah deskriptif analitik dengan desain potong lintang. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik total sampling terhadap seluruh instruktur penyelam yang datang di Dermaga Youth Center pada Januari hingga Februari 2023. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan 36 instruktur penyelam sebagai subjek. Tingkat pengetahuan tentang barodontalgia pada instruktur penyelam tergolong cukup dan indeks DMF-T populasi bernilai 3,22. Hasil uji korelasi Spearman mendapatkan nilai p=0,148 dengan nilai r=0,246. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah terdapat hubungan tidak bermakna dan korelasi lemah antara tingkat pengetahuan tentang bahaya barodontalgia dengan status karies gigi pada instruktur penyelam di Kota Manado.

Kata kunci: barodontalgia; tingkat pengetahuan; DMF-T; instruktur penyelam

Estimation of Time of Death through Observation of Microbiota Changes in the Oral Cavity

2024-03-19T15:12:48+08:00

Abstract: Various methods for estimating post-mortem (PMI) have been investigated such as rigor mortis, livor mortis, molecular, chemical, and forensic entomology (insect) methods. However, these methods have weaknesses, therefore researchers are looking for more accurate methods in determining the time of death of a person. Molecular methods are unreliable due to the degradation of DNA, RNA, and proteins in corpses over time. In different parts of the body, the amount of diversity of microbes will be different. The oral cavity is the most abundant microbial area among other parts of the body due to its continuous exposure to the respiratory and digestive systems. This area has great potential in estimating time intervals of death because of its ease of access and the types of microbiomes that predominate at any given time. Therefore, this narrative review was conducted to describe studies that used oral microbiota communities to estimate post-mortem intervals. Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes are the dominant microbial types found in corpses. Firmicutes became one of the dominant bacterial phyla in the early stages of decomposition. Actinobacteria were found to decrease as PMI increased. Studies have shown that the oral microbiome has excellent potential as a parameter to determine the post-mortem interval. However, further research is needed with more complex environmental conditions such as different humidity and temperature. In addition, further research requires more samples of human remains to obtain more valid results.

Keywords: oral microbiome; post-mortem interval; human identification; forensic odontology

Uji Aktivitas Anti-Inflamasi Ekstrak Sabut Kelapa (Cocos nucifera L.) dengan Metode Stabilisasi Membran Sel Darah Merah

2024-05-03T23:05:07+08:00

Abstract: Dental and oral care often causes injuries that can trigger an inflammatory reaction associated with feeling of discomfort. Drugs that can be given for the treatment of inflammation, namely corticosteroids of the glucocorticoid group and non-steroidal anti-inflammatories (NSAIDs). However, these drugs have side effects, therefore, alternatives with minimal toxicity that can be found in plants are preferrable. Coconut coir has the potential to be an anti-inflammatory drug because it contains flavonoids, tannins and saponins. This study aimed to determine the anti-inflammatory activity of coconut coir extract at concentrations of 50, 100, 150, 500, and 1000 ppm. This was a pure experimental study with a post-test-only control design using blood of rats weighing above 250 grams taken through the retro-orbital sinus. The samples were divided into seven groups, namely 50, 100, 150, 500, 1000 ppm, positive control, and negative control. The results showed that coconut coir extract contained alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and terpenoids. The percentages of inhibition of hemolysis were obtained at 50, 100, 150, 500, and 1000 ppm, namely 14.73%, 24.60%, 38.86%, 43.11%, and 50.39%. In conclusion, coconut coir extract (Cocos nucifera L.) has anti-inflammatory activity. Extract concentration of 1000 ppm has the highest anti-inflammatory activity.

Keywords: inflammation; coconut coir extract; stabilization of red blood cell membranes

Abstrak: Perawatan gigi dan mulut tidak jarang menimbulkan perlukaan yang dapat memicu reaksi inflamasi disertai rasa tidak nyaman. Golongan obat yang dapat diberikan untuk pengobatan inflamasi, yaitu kortikosteroid golongan glukokortikoid dan anti-inflamasi non-steroid (AINS). Namun, obat-obat tersebut memiliki efek samping sehingga dibutuhkan alternatif dengan toksisitas minimal yang dapat ditemukan pada tanaman. Sabut kelapa berpotensi menjadi obat anti-inflamasi karena mengandung flavonoid, tanin, dan saponin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas anti-inflamasi ekstrak sabut kelapa konsentrasi 50, 100, 150, 500, dan 1000 ppm. Penelitian ini merupakan eksperimental murni dengan post-test only control design menggunakan darah tikus yang diambil melalui sinus retro-orbitalis. Kriteria tikus ialah berat di atas 250 gram, yang dibagi menjadi tujuh kelompok, yaitu 50, 100, 150, 500, 1000 ppm, kontrol positif, dan kontrol negatif. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan bahwa ekstrak sabut kelapa mengandung senyawa alkaloid, flavonoid, tanin, saponin, dan terpenoid. Hasil persentase inhibisi hemolisis didapatkan pada 50, 100, 150, 500, dan 1000 ppm, yaitu 14,73%, 24,60%, 38,86%, 43,11%, 50,39%. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah ekstrak sabut kelapa (Cocos nucifera L.) memiliki aktivitas anti-inflamasi. Konsentrasi ekstrak 1000 ppm memiliki aktivitas anti inflamasi tertinggi.

Kata kunci: inflamasi; ekstrak sabut kelapa; stabilisasi membran sel darah merah

Oral Clinical Findings in Cadaver with Tuberculosis: A Case Report

2024-03-05T16:15:20+08:00

Abstract: Tuberculosis (TB) is a long-lasting infectious disease that usually affects the lungs (pulmonary TB), but can also affect other organs and systems (extra-pulmonary TB). Oral TB is uncommon, particularly primary oral tuberculosis which predominantly affects young adults, and the tongue is the site most frequently affected. This case report aimed to discuss the manifestation of TB in the hard palate, focusing on observation from a cadaver and providing a thorough analysis of the oral clinical symptoms. We reported a case of unidentified 42-year-old female body that was found dead and brought to Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital for an autopsy. Poor oral hygiene was found. In the palate, there was bone defect on palatum durum regio teeth 21 22 near to the incisive foramen. Pink teeth was discovered in the anterior part of the lower jaw. Based on the autopsy report, the cause of death was tuberculosis. In conclusion, although tuberculosis of the palate is infrequent, it should be included as a potential cause of palatal perforation during diagnostic evaluations. Additionally, it is crucial to conduct a comprehensive investigation into the primary site of tuberculosis in cases involving palatal tuberculosis.

Keywords: oral tuberculosis; palatal perforation; pink teeth phenomenon

Stainless Steel Crown pada Perawatan Pendahuluan Gigi Molar Pertama Permanen Muda: Keunggulan versus Kekurangan

2024-05-20T11:50:39+08:00

Abstract: Stainless steel crown (SSC) is a type of crown made from a dental alloy or stainless steel anatomically shaped and easily adaptable to extensively damaged teeth. This SSC can be utilized not only for deciduous teeth but also for young permanent teeth. This literature review aimed to further discuss the role of SSC as a preliminary treatment for young permanent first molars. Data search was conducted on electronic databases such as Google Scholar, NCBI (Pubmed), and Science Direct using the keywords "Stainless Steel Crown" and "Young Permanent Dentition." Previous research suggests that the use of SSC as a preliminary treatment for young permanent first molars is considered highly effective and suitable as a temporary restoration before definitive treatment was performed. In conclusion, it is proven that stainless steel crowns can maintain the function of severely damaged molars in children and adolescents until definitive treatment can be performed. This is attributed to the high success rate and long-term durability of stainless steel crown.

Keywords: stainless steel crown; preliminary treatment; young permanent teeth

Abstrak: Stainless steel crown (SSC) adalah jenis mahkota yang terbuat dari paduan logam dental (alloy) atau baja tahan karat berbentuk anatomi gigi dan mudah dibentuk untuk diadaptasikan pada gigi yang mengalami kerusakan luas. Jenis restorasi ini tidak hanya dapat digunakan pada gigi sulung, namun juga untuk gigi permanen muda. Tujuan pembuatan literature review ini untuk membahas lebih lanjut mengenai peran SSC sebagai perawatan pendahuluan pada gigi molar pertama permanen muda. Penelusuran data dilakukan pada basis data elektronik seperti Google Scholar, NCBI (Pubmed), dan Science Direct dengan penentuan kata kunci “Stainless Steel Crown” dan “Young Permanent Dentition”. Penelitian sebelumnya mengemukakan bahwa penggunaan SSC sebagai perawatan pendahuluan pada gigi molar pertama permanen muda dinilai sangat baik dan layak digunakan sebagai restorasi sementara sebelum perawatan definitif dilakukan. Simpulan review ini ialah terbukti bahwa stainless steel crown dapat mempertahankan fungsi gigi molar yang mengalami kerusakan parah baik pada anak maupun remaja sampai perawatan prostetik defnitif dapat dilakukan. Hal ini disebabkan karena stainless steel crown memiliki keberhasilan yang tinggi dan ketahanan jangka panjang.

Kata kunci: stainless steel crown; perawatan pendahuluan; gigi permanen muda

Pengaruh Ekstrak Buah Rimbang (Solanum torvum Sw.) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Enterococcus faecalis

2024-01-25T16:13:11+08:00

Abstract: Root canal treatment is performed to eliminate causal factors of infection and remove necrotic tissue. However, during treatment, the persistence of the microorganism, Enterococcus faecalis, proved to be the cause of treatment failure. Currently a lot of research is being done on natural materials as an alternative to irrigation materials because they are considered to be more biocompatible and economical; one of which is the Turkey berry fruit plant (Solanum torvum Sw.). This study aimed to evaluate the effects of several concentrations of Turkey berry fruit extract on the growth of Enterococcus faecalis through minimum inhibitory and minimum lethal concentrations (MIC and LCmin). This was a post test only control group design study. Samples were divided into treatment and control groups: 12,5%, 25%, 50% dan 100% extract of Turkey berry fruit, chlorhexidine as the positive control, and 0.9% NaCl as the negative control. All of them had been implanted with bacterial suspension, and then were spread on the MHA media. Observations were performed after 24 hours of incubation, and bacterial colony were count manually. Data were analyzed using the non parametric Kruskal-Wallis test and the Tamhane’s post hoc test that showed significant difference among the groups with MIC at 25% and LCmin at 50%. In conclusion, Turkey berry fruit extract of 25% and 50% can inhibit the growth of Enterococcus faecalis.

Keywords: root canal treatment; chlorhexidine; Enterococcus faecalis; Turkey berry fruit

Abstrak: Perawatan saluran akar dilakukan untuk mengeliminasi faktor penyebab infeksi dan menghilangkan jaringan nekrotik. Persistensi mikroorganisme yaitu Enterococcus faecalis terbukti menjadi penyebab kegagalan perawatan. Saat ini banyak penelitian dilakukan terhadap bahan alami sebagai alternatif bahan irigasi karena dinilai lebih biokompatibel dan ekonomis, salah satunya tanaman buah rimbang (Solanum torvum Sw.). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh tingkat konsentrasi ekstrak buah rimbang (Solanum torvum Sw.) terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri Enterococcus faecalis melalui pengamatan nilai konsentrasi hambat minimal (KHM) dan konsentrasi bunuh minimal (KBM) dengan menggunakan post test only control group design. Sampel penelitian dibagi atas kelompok perlakuan dan kontrol, yaitu ekstrak buah rimbang konsentrasi 12,5%, 25%, 50% dan 100% serta kontrol negatif dan positif yang telah ditanamkan suspensi bakteri disebarkan pada media MHA. Pengamatan dilakukan setelah inkubasi selama 24 jam dan perhitungan koloni bakteri secara manual. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji non parametrik Kruskal-Wallis dan uji Tamhane Post Hoc yang menunjukkan perbedaan bermakna antar kelompok dengan KHM pada konsentrasi 25% dan KBM pada konsentrasi 50%. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah ekstrak buah rimbang pada konsentrasi 25% dan 50% dapat menghambat pertumbuhan Enterococcus faecalis.

Kata kunci: perawatan saluran akar; chlorhexidine; Enterococcus faecalis; buah rimbang

Hubungan Perilaku Menyikat Gigi dan Kejadian Karies Gigi pada Anak Usia Sekolah di Desa Wori

2024-05-20T19:53:24+08:00

Abstract: Dental caries is still a significant health problem among school-age children 6 – 12 years in Southeast Asian countries. Tooth brushing behavior plays an important role in oral and dental health status. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between tooth brushing behavior and the incidence of dental caries among school-age children at Desa Wori. This was an analytical and observational study with a cross-sectional design. Samples of 153 students were selected using the stratified proportionate random sampling technique. We used questionnaire to evaluate the tooth brushing behavior which had been tested for validity and reliability, meanwhile the examination of dental caries was performed using the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS). The results showed that 24 students brushed their teeth correctly and did not have dental caries, while 52 students brushed their teeth correctly but had dental caries. Moreover, 10 students had poor brushing behavior but had no dental caries, meanwhile 67 students had poor behavior and had dental caries. The chi-square test obtained a p-value of 0.006 (p≤0.05). In conclusion there is a significant relationship between tooth brushing behavior and the incidence of dental caries among school-age children at Desa Wori.

Keywords: tooth brushing behavior; dental caries; school-age children

Abstrak: Karies gigi masih merupakan masalah kesehatan yang signifikan pada anak usia sekolah 6–12 tahun di negara-negara Asia Tenggara. Perilaku menyikat gigi memegang peranan penting dalam status kesehatan gigi dan mulut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan perilaku menyikat gigi dengan kejadian karies gigi pada anak usia sekolah di Desa Wori. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode observasional analitik dengan desain potong lintang. Partisipan sebanyak 153 siswa dipilih dengan menggunakan teknik stratified proportionate random sampling. Instrumen yang digunakan untuk perilaku menyikat gigi ialah kuesioner yang telah diuji validitas dan reliabilitas serta pemeriksaan karies gigi menggunakan International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS). Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa 24 siswa memiliki perilaku menyikat gigi yang baik dan tidak ada karies gigi, sedangkan 52 siswa memiliki perilaku menyikat gigi dengan baik tetapi ada karies gigi. Kemudian ditemukan 10 siswa memiliki perilaku menyikat gigi yang kurang baik dan tidak ada karies gigi, sedangkan 67 siswa memiliki perilaku kurang baik dan ada karies gigi. Uji chi-square mendapatkan nilai p=0,006 (p≤ 0,05). Simpulan penelitian ini ialah terdapat hubungan bermakna antara perilaku menyikat gigi dengan kejadian karies gigi pada anak usia sekolah di Desa Wori.

Kata kunci: perilaku menyikat gigi; kejadian karies gigi; anak usia sekolah

Efektivitas Ekstrak Daging dan Biji Buah Kurma Ajwa (Phoenix dactylifera L.) terhadap Pertumbuhan Mikroorganisme dalam Rongga Mulut

2024-06-06T21:10:42+08:00

Abstract: Ajwa dates (Phoenix dactylifera L.) are widely developed as medicine in Indonesia. Moreover, they are known as healthy food for a long time due to their beneficial ingredients. Some studies stated that Ajwa dates had strong antimicrobial effects. The use of Ajwa dates begins to be developed in the field of dentistry because they contain flavonoid compounds that provide antibacterial effects. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of flesh and seed extract of kurma Ajwa. This was a systematic review study using databases of Google Scholar and Pubmed. The results obtained 14 articles out of 257 that fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Kurma fruit contained phytochemical substances such as flavonoid that had antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidant effects. Flavonoid had antifungal and antibacterial effects on Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans. Extract of kurma Ajwa seeds 3.25% and kurma fruit flesh 12.5% could strongly inhibit the growth of Streptococcus mutans. Moreover, the seed and flesh extract of kurma Ajwa 3.25% could inhibit the growth of Candida albicans. In conclusion, kurma Ajwa fruit (Phoenix dactylifera L.) has antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammation, and anti-oxidant effects that are very beneficial for oral health.

Keywords: Ajwa dates (Phoenix dactylifera L.); microorganisms of the oral cavity

Abstrak: Kurma Ajwa (Phoenix dactylifera L.) merupakan tanaman yang banyak dikembangkan sebagai pengobatan di Indonesia dan telah dikenal sebagai makanan sehat sejak lama karena kaya dengan kandungan yang bermanfaat. Kurma Ajwa mulai dikembangkan dalam bidang kedokteran gigi karena kandungan senyawa flavanoid yang memberi efek antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas ekstrak daging dan biji buah kurma Ajwa (Phoenix Dactylifera L.) terhadap pertumbuhan mikroorganisme dalam rongga mulut dalam bentuk suatu systematic review. Penelusuran artikel menggunakan database Google scholar dan Pubmed. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan 14 artikel yang sesuai dengan kriteria dari 257 hasil pencarian artikel. Buah kurma memiliki kandungan zat-zat fitokimia seperti flavonoid yang mempunyai efek antibakteri, antifungal, anti inflamasi dan antioksidan. Kandungan senyawa flavonoid memiliki efek antifungal/antibakteri terhadap Candida albicans dan Streptococcus mutans. Ekstrak biji kurma Ajwa 3,25% dan daging kurma Ajwa 12,5% dapat menghambat secara kuat pertumbuhan Streptococcus mutans sedangkan ekstrak biji dan daging kurma Ajwa 3,25% dapat menghambat pertumbuhan Candida albicans. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah buah kurma Ajwa (Phoenix dactylifera L.) memiliki efek antibakteri, antijamur, anti inlamasi, dan antioksidan yang bermanfaat bagi kesehatan rongga mulut.

Kata kunci: kurma Ajwa (Phoenix dactylifera L.); mikroorganisme rongga mulut

Efektivitas Ekstrak Etanol Biji Anggur Merah (Vitis vinifera) terhadap Jumlah Fibroblas pada Perawatan Ortodonti

2024-04-23T14:05:41+08:00

Abstract: Malocclusion can be solved with orthodontic treatment. In orthodontic treatment, there will be movements motivated by inflammatory responses and tissue responses in the form of resorption and apposition or bone remodeling. Some of the cells responsible for the process are fibroblasts, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts. Grape seeds contain many active compounds that have high levels of antioxidants and phytoestrogens that can increase the division and proliferation of fibroblasts. This study aimed to find out whether grape seed ethanol extract was effective in increasing fibroblast cell count in orthodontic treatment. This was an experimental laboratory study conducted by attaching an elastomer separator and giving 4% ethanol extract of red grape seeds 0.2 ml in seven groups of guinea pigs that met the inclusion criteria and then were evaluated on days 1, 7, and 14. The Anova test showed a p value of < 0.001 (p<0.05) which meant that there was a statistically significant difference between the treatment groups and the test groups on days 7 and 14. The number of fibroblasts increased from day 1, 7 to day 14. The lowest number of fibroblasts was obtained in the control group (11.7±0.70) while the highest number of fibroblasts was found in the guinea pig group applied rubber separator and given 4% red grape seed extract as much as 0.2ml for 14 days (21.75±1.29). In conclusion, grape seed extract is effective in increasing the number of fibroblasts in orthodontic treatment and is most effective on day 14.

Keywords: grape seed; fibroblasts; malocclusion; orthodontic treatment

Abstrak: Masalah maloklusi dapat diselesaikan dengan melakukan perawatan ortodonti. Pada perawatan ortodonti akan terjadi pergerakan yang dilatarbelakangi oleh respon inflamasi dan respon jaringan berupa resorpsi dan aposisi atau remodeling tulang. Beberapa jenis sel yang bertanggung jawab atas proses tersebut ialah fibroblas, osteoblas, dan osteoklas. Biji anggur mengandung banyak senyawa aktif yang memiliki tingkat antioksidan tinggi dan fitoestrogen yang mampu membantu meningkatkan pembelahan serta proliferasi dari fibroblas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah ekstrak etanol biji anggur efektif dalam meningkatkan jumlah sel fibroblas pada perawatan ortodonti. Jenis penelitian ialah eksperimental laboratoris dengan memasangkan separator elastomer dan memberikan ekstrak etanol biji anggur merah 4% sebanyak 0,2 ml pada tujuh kelompok marmut sesuai kriteria inklusi dan dievaluasi pada hari ke-1, hari ke-7, dan hari ke-14. Uji Anova menunjukkan nilai p <0,001 (p<0,05) yang berarti terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara kelompok perlakuan dan kelompok uji dihari ke-7 dan ke-14. Jumlah fibroblas meningkat dari hari ke-1, ke-7 sampai hari ke-14. Jumlah fibroblas paling rendah didapatkan pada kelompok kontrol (11,7±0,70) sedangkan jumlah fibroblas yang paling meningkat terdapat pada kelompok marmut yang diaplikasikan karet separator dan diberi 4% ekstrak biji anggur merah sebanyak 0,2 ml selama 14 hari (21,75±1,29). Simpulan penelitian ini ialah ekstrak biji anggur efektif dalam meningkatkan jumlah fibroblas dalam perawatan ortodonti, paling efektif pada hari ke-14.

Kata kunci: biji anggur; fibroblas; malokusi; perawatan ortodonti

Hubungan Estetika Senyum dengan Persepsi Diri pada Mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi

2024-06-15T12:02:36+08:00

Abstract: As the field of orthodontics develops progressively, many patients undergo orthodontic treatment to improve their dentofacial characteristics, which support the facial appearance and aesthetics of their smile. An individual who has unesthetic smile and tooth arrangement is considered to lack self-confidence and have a negative effect, especially on his/her social relationship, education, and career. This study aimed to determine the relationship between smile aesthetics and self-perception. This was a descriptive and analytical study with a purposive sampling design. Samples were students of Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Muslim Indonesia. The relationships between intercommisural distance at midline (mm) and self-perception, and between intercommisural distance (mm) and self-perception were tested using the Pearson correlation test. The results showed that based on the Pearson test, the relationship between intervermillion distance in the midline (mm) and self-perception had a p-value of 0.708, meanwhile the relationship between intercommission distance (mm) and self-perception had a p-value of 0.815. In conclusion, there is no significant relationship between smile aesthetics and self-perception among students of the Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Muslim Indonesia.

Keywords: smile aesthetics; self-perception

Abstrak: Seiring dengan perkembangan dan kemajuan dalam bidang ortodonti, banyak pasien yang melakukan perawatan ortodonti untuk meningkatkan karakteristik dentofasial yang mendukung penampilan wajah dan estetika senyum. Seseorang yang memiliki senyum dan susunan gigi kurang estetik dianggap kurang percaya diri dan dinilai memiliki efek negatif terutama terhadap hubungan sosial, pendidikan, dan karir. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan estetika senyum dengan persepsi diri. Jenis penelitian ialah deskriptif analitik dengan desain purposive sampling. Sampel penelitian ialah mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Muslim Indonesia. Hubungan antara variabel intervermillion distance at midline (mm) dengan persepsi diri, serta antara variabel intercommissural distance (mm) dengan persepsi diri diuji menggunakan uji korelasi Pearson. Hasil uji Pearson mendapatkan nilai p=0,708 untuk hubungan antara intervermillion distance at midline (mm) dengan persepsi diri serta nilai p=0,815 untuk hubungan antara intercommissural distance dengan persepsi diri. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah tidak terdapat hubungan bermakna antara estetika senyum dengan persepsi diri mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Muslim Indonesia

Kata kunci: estetika senyum; persepsi diri

Efektivitas Anti Mikroba Air Ion Perak terhadap Derajat Keasaman (pH) Streptococcus mutans

2024-05-14T13:27:18+08:00

Abstract: Silver ion water has been known as an effective material for inhibiting and killing pathogenic bacteria. However, there are still few studies on silver ion water, especially those related to oral pH in dentistry. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of silver ion water against Streptococcus mutans in decreasing the environmental pH. This was an experimental and laboratory study with a control group post-test only design, using Streptococcus mutans stereotype C strain UA 159 incubated in brain hearth infusion broth (BHIB). Samples were divided into eight groups with several concentrations of silver ion water (2.5 ppm, 5 ppm, 7.5 ppm,10 ppm, 12,5 ppm, 15 ppm) and two control groups (silver ion water 0 ppm and aquadest). All groups were incubated for 24 hours in 37^oC, and then their pHs were measured with a pH meter. The normality test showed a p-value of >0.05, meaning that the data were normally distributed. The Mann-Whitney test showed a p-value of <0.05, meaning that there was a difference in each group. Significant increases of pH were found in silver ion water of 12.5 ppm (mean pH 5.670) dan 15 ppm (mean pH 6.772). In conclusion, silver ion water of 12.5 ppm and 15 ppm can effectively inhibit the decrease in pH caused by the metabolism of Streptococcus mutans.

Keywords: silver ion water; Streptococcus mutans; pH

Abstrak: Air ion perak telah dikenal efektif untuk menghambat dan membunuh bakteri patogen, namun penelitian tentang air ion perak masih sangat terbatas, terutama yang berhubungan dengan pH rongga mulut di bidang kedokteran gigi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas air ion perak menghambat Streptococcus mutans dalam menurunkan pH. Jenis penelitian ialah eksperimental laboratorik dengan group control post-test only design, menggunakan Streptococcus mutans stereotype C rantai UA 159 yang diinkubasi di dalam media brain hearth infusion broth (BHIB). Sampel dibagi dalam delapan kelompok, masing-masing diberi air ion perak sebanyak 2,5 ppm, 5 ppm, 7,5 ppm, 10 ppm, 12,5 ppm, 15 ppm, dan dua kelompok kontrol (air ion perak 0 ppm dan akuades). Seluruh kelompok perlakuan dan kontrol diinkubasi selama 24 jam dengan suhu 37^oC, kemudian pH-nya diukur menggunakan pH meter. Uji normalitas menunjukkan p<0,05 yang berarti data berdistribusi normal. Uji Mann Whitney menunjukkan p<0,05 yang berarti terdapat perbedaan bermakna antar kelompok perlakuan. Efek peningkatan derajat keasaman (pH) yang bermakna terlihat pada pemberian air ion perak sebanyak 12,5 ppm (rerata pH 5,670) dan 15 ppm (rerata pH 6,772). Simpulan penelitian ini ialah air ion perak dengan konsentrasi 12,5 ppm dan 15 ppm efektif menghambat penurunan pH yang disebabkan oleh metabolism Streptococcus mutans.

Kata kunci: air ion perak; Streptococcus mutans; pH

Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Daun Amaranthus hybridus L. dalam Pelarut Heksana, Etil Asetat, dan Air

2024-06-18T18:06:33+08:00

Abstract: Noncommunicable diseases, such diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis and cancer, caused by inter alia imbalance between free radicals and antioxidants within the body, known as oxidative stress. Antioxidants from outside the body are required as antioxidants within the body are not enough to ward off excessive free radicals. Amaranthus hybridus L. plant is quite popular among Indonesian people due to its fast harvest and advantages for health, including its natural antioxidants potency. This study aimed to determine the comparison of antioxidant activities among n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and aqueous extract of A. hybridus L. leaves. This was an experimental laboratory study. Amaranthus hybridus L. simplicia extracted with maceration in n-hexane, ethyl acetate and aquadest. Antioxidant activities of n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and aqueous extract of A. hybridus L. were examined with 2.2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) in 517 nm wavelength by using microplate reader. The results showed that the IC₅₀ values of A. hybridus L. n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and aqueous extract respectively were 131.81 mg/mL, 103.53 mg/mL, and 79.61 mg/mL. In conclusion, there are differences in antioxidant activities between n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and aqueous extract of A. hybridus L. This occur due to differences in the polarity of each solvent.

Keywords: Amaranthus hybridus L.; antioxidant activities; maceration; solvent polarity

Abstrak: Penyakit tidak menular, seperti diabetes melitus, aterosklerosis, dan kanker, disebabkan antara lain oleh ketidakseimbangan antara radikal bebas dan antioksidan dalam tubuh (stres oksidatif). Antioksidan dari luar tubuh diperlukan karena antioksidan dari dalam tubuh tidak cukup untuk menangkal radikal bebas berlebih. Tanaman Amaranthus hybridus L. cukup diminati masyarakat Indonesia karena waktu panen yang singkat dan manfaatnya bagi kesehatan, termasuk potensi antioksidan alami. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak heksana, etil asetat, dan air daun A. hybridus L. Jenis penelitian ini berupa studi eksperimental laboratorik. Simplisia A. hybridus L. diekstraksi dengan metode maserasi dalam pelarut heksana, etil asetat, dan air. Aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak heksana, etil asetat, dan air daun A. hybridus L. diuji aktivitas antioksidan dengan metode 2,2-difenil-1-pikrilhidrazil (DPPH) pada panjang gelombang 517 nm dengan menggunakan microplate reader. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai IC₅₀ ekstrak heksana, etil asetat, dan air daun A. hybridus L. secara berturut-turut sebesar 131,81 mg/mL, 103,53 mg/mL, dan 79,61 mg/mL. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah terdapat perbedaan aktivitas antioksidan antara ekstrak heksana, etil asetat, dan air daun Amaranthus hybridus L. Hal ini terjadi karena perbedaan polaritas dari masing-masing pelarut.

Kata kunci: Amaranthus hybridus L.; aktivitas antioksidan; maserasi; polaritas pelarut

Hubungan Kehilangan Gigi dengan Status Gizi dan Kualitas Hidup pada Lansia di Kecamatan Balikpapan Timur

2024-06-21T12:54:10+08:00

Abstract: Long life without being balanced with health is not meaningful enough. One of the oral health problems in the elderly is tooth loss. Reduced number of teeth can have an impact on reducing nutritional status and quality of life in the elderly. This study aimed to determine the relationship between tooth loss with nutritional status and quality of life in the elderly in East Balikpapan Sub-District. This was an analytical observational study with a cross-sectional design. Samples of 100 elderly people in East Balikpapan Sub-District were obtained using a proportionate stratified random sampling technique. Data were collected through oral cavity examination, height and weight measurements, and interviews using the Geriatric Oral Assessment Index (GOHAI) questionnaire. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test. The results showed that there were significant relationships between tooth loss and nutritional status (p=0.005) and between tooth loss and quality of life (p=0.000). In conclusion, there is a significant relationship between tooth loss with nutritional status and quality of life among the elderly people in East Balikpapan Sub-District.

Keywords: tooth loss; nutritional status; quality of life; elderly

Abstrak: Usia panjang tanpa diimbangi dengan kesehatan kurang berarti. Masalah kesehatan rongga mulut pada lansia di antaranya ialah kehilangan gigi. Berkurangnya jumlah gigi dalam rongga mulut dapat berdampak pada penurunan status gizi dan kualitas hidup pada lansia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kehilangan gigi dengan status gizi dan kualitas hidup pada lansia di Kecamatan Balikpapan Timur. Jenis penelitian ialah observasional analitik dengan desain potong lintang. Sampel berjumlah 100 lanjut usia (lansia) di Kecamatan Balikpapan Timur diperoleh dari teknik pengambilan sampel proportionate stratified random sampling. Data dikumpulkan melalui pemeriksaan rongga mulut, pengukuran tinggi badan dan berat badan, dan wawancara dengan kuesioner Geriatric Oral Assessment Index (GOHAI). Data dianalisis menggunakan uji chi-square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat hubungan bermakna antara kehilangan gigi dan status gizi (p=0,005) serta antara kehilangan gigi dan kualitas hidup (p=0,000). Simpulan penelitian ini ialah terdapat hubungan antara kehilangan gigi dengan status gizi dan kualitas hidup pada lansia di Kecamatan Balikpapan Timur.

Kata kunci: kehilangan gigi; status gizi; kualitas hidup; lanjut usia

Ektopik Gigi 18 Simtomatik pada Sinus Maksilaris: Laporan Kasus

2024-06-24T19:41:44+08:00

Abstract: Ectopic tooth locations outside the normal jaw arch such as on the maxillary sinus are rare. The presence of ectopic signs is often found accidentally by dentists during oral cavity examinations. This is due to the absence of symptoms or complaints in the early days. An understanding of the complications that may occur due to ectopic teeth is very necessary for dentists in providing oral health education. We reported a 26-year-old woman complaining of swelling in her right cheek which had become increasingly painful one week before the examination. Orthopantomograph (OPG) x-ray showed that the right upper third molar was positioned on the right maxillary sinus. A CT scan was carried out to determine the position and boundaries of the third molar teeth. Surgery was performed to remove the upper right third molar tooth under general anesthesia using the Caldwell-Luc approach. The final control results showed significantly reduced pain and swelling. In conclusion, surgical excision using the Caldwell-Luc approach for an ectopic tooth into the maxillary anthrum with symptoms shows good results without significant complaints after the procedure. Good wound healing is observed in the 2nd and 3rd months after surgery.

Keywords: ectopic tooth; complications; upper third molar; maxillary sinus

Abstrak: Lokasi gigi ektopik di luar lengkung rahang normal seperti pada sinus maksilaris merupakan kasus jarang. Adanya tanda-tanda ektopik sering kali ditemukan tidak sengaja oleh dokter gigi saat pemeriksaan rongga mulut. Hal ini disebabkan tidak adanya gejala ataupun keluhan pada masa-masa awal. Pemahaman tentang komplikasi yang mungkin terjadi akibat gigi ektopik sangat perlu bagi dokter gigi dalam memberi edukasi kesehatan mulut. Kami melaporkan seorang perempuan berusia 26 tahun, dengan keluhan bengkak di pipi kanan yang bertambah nyeri sejak satu minggu sebelum diperiksa. Rontgen ortopantomograf (OPG) menunjukkan gigi molar ketiga atas kanan posisi berada pada sinus maksilaris kanan. Selanjutnya dilakukan CT-scan untuk menentukan posisi dan batas-batas gigi molar ketiga tersebut. Pembedahan dilakukan untuk mengambil gigi molar ketiga kanan atas, di bawah pengaruh bius total, dengan pendekatan Caldwell-Luc. Hasil kontrol akhir menunjukkan nyeri dan bengkak berkurang secara signifikan. Simpulan laporan kasus ini ialah tindakan eksisi bedah dengan pendekatan Caldwell-Luc pada kondisi gigi ektopik ke dalam antrum maksilaris dengan gejala menunjukkan hasil yang baik dan tidak disertai keluhan berarti setelah tindakan, dengan hasil penyembuhan luka yang baik pada bulan ke-2 dan 3 pasca operasi.

Kata kunci: gigi ektopik; komplikasi; molar ketiga atas; sinus maksilaris

Gambaran Pola Sidik Bibir Masyarakat Desa Tateli Tiga

2024-05-20T20:20:15+08:00

Abstract: Lip print pattern offers potential as a fast and effective secondary identification method that can be used in emergency situations. DesaTateli Tiga is a disaster-prone village because it is located in a coastal area of Mandolang District, Minahasa, North Sulawesi. This study aimed to obtain the profile of lip print pattern in people at Desa Tateli Tiga. This was a observational and descriptive studi with a cross sectional design. Samples were people living at Desa Tateli Tiga aged 21-40 years, obtained by using the purposive stratified sampling method as many as 267 people. The results showed that there were 87 males and 180 females as samples. In early adult group, the most frequent type of lip pattern was type 1 (43.65%) and type IV (20.63%). The most common lip profile in males was type IV (43.24%), and in females was type I (56.18%). In late adult group, the most frequent type of lip pattern was type I and type III, each of 27.03%. The most common type of lip pattern in males was type III (44.83%), and in females was type I (37.78%). In conclusion, the lip print pattern of Tateli Tiga people in Minahasa is dominated by perfectly vertical type I and reticular type IV. Type IV is predominant in males meanwhile type I in females.

Keywords: lip print pattern; Suzuki and Tsuchihashi method; identification; sex; age

Abstrak: Penggunaan pola sidik bibir sebagai metode identifikasi sekunder yang cepat dan efektif dapat membantu mempercepat proses identifikasi korban dalam situasi darurat. Desa Tateli Tiga, merupakan salah satu desa yang rawan bencana karena terletak di wilayah pesisir pantai Kecamatan Mandolang, Kabupaten Minahasa, Sulawesi Utara. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran tipe pola sidik bibir masyarakat Desa Tateli Tiga. Jenis penelitian ialah observasional deskriptif dengan desain potong lintang. Sampel penelitian yaitu masyarakat Desa Tateli Tiga yang berusia usia 21–40 tahun. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan purposive stratified sampling sebanyak 267 orang, ditentukan dengan rumus Slovin. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan sampel laki-laki sebanyak 87 dan perempuan sebanyak 180. Pada populasi dewasa awal, tipe yang paling sering ditemukan ialah tipe I (43,65%) dan tipe IV (20,63%). Tipe pola sidik bibir yang sering ditemukan pada jenis kelamin laki-laki ialah tipe IV (43,24%), dan pada perempuan tipe I (56,18%). Pada populasi dewasa akhir, tipe yang paling sering ditemukan ialah tipe I (27,03%) dan tipe III sama banyak. Tipe pola sidik bibir yang sering ditemukan pada jenis kelamin laki-laki ialah tipe III (44,83%), dan pada perempuan tipe I (37,78%). Simpulan penelitian ini ialah pola sidik bibir masyarakat Desa Tateli Tiga di Kabupaten Minahasa didominasi oleh tipe I vertikal sempurna dan tipe IV retikuler. Tipe IV terbanyak didapatkan pada laki-laki sedangkan tipe I pada perempuan.

Kata kunci: pola sidik bibir; metode Suzuki dan Tsuchihashi; identifikasi korban

Hubungan Tingkat Pengetahuan Orang Tua dengan Status Karies Gigi Siswa Usia 10–12 Tahun di SDN Talawaan Bajo Kabupaten Minahasa Utara

2024-05-20T20:00:26+08:00

Abstract: Dental caries is most commonly caused by demineralization, namely loss of the structure of the hard tooth tissue which consists of email, dentine, and cementum. Dental caries has several causative factors, one of which is knowledge which is an external factor in the occurrence of dental caries. This study aimed to determine the relation between the level of parental knowledge and the dental caries status of students aged 10–12 years at SDN Talawaan Bajo, North Minahasa Regency. This was an analytical and descriptive study using a cross-sectional design. Samples consisted of students aged 10–12 years and parents of the students, totaling 42 people each, who were taken by total sampling technique that met the inclusion criteria. The results showed the parental levels of knowledge about caries, categorized as follows: good (95.24%), moderate (4.76%), and poor (0,0%). Dental caries status of students aged 10–12 years with very low (35.71%), low (21.43%), moderate (26.19%), high (9.52%), and very high (7.14%). The Spearman Rank test showed a p-value of 0.38 (>0.05). In conclusion, there is no significant relation between the level of parental knowledge and the dental caries status of students aged 10–12 years at SDN Talawaan Bajo, North Minahasa Regency.

Keywords: caries status; parental knowledge; students

Abstrak: Karies gigi paling sering terjadi akibat demineralisasi yaitu hilangnya struktur dari jaringan keras gigi yang terdiri dari email, dentin, dan sementum. Karies gigi memiliki beberapa faktor penyebab, salah satunya ialah pengetahuan yang merupakan faktor eksternal timbulnya karies gigi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan tingkat pengetahuan orang tua dengan status karies gigi siswa usia 10–12 tahun di SDN Talawaan Bajo Kabupaten Minahasa Utara. Jenis penelitian ini ialah deskriptif analitik dengan desain potong lintang. Sampel penelitian terdiri dari siswa berusia 10–12 tahun dan orang tua siswa yang berjumlah masing-masing 42 orang, diambil dengan teknik total sampling yang telah memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa tingkat pengetahuan orang tua tentang karies dengan kategori baik (95,24%), kategori sedang (4,76%), dan kategori kurang (0,0%). Status karies gigi siswa usia 10–12 tahun dengan kategori sangat rendah (35,71%), rendah (21,43%), sedang (26,19%), tinggi (9,52%), dan sangat tinggi (7,14%). Hasil uji Spearman Rank menunjukkan nilai p=0,38 (0,38>0,05). Simpulan penelitian ini ialah tidak terdapat hubungan bermakna antara tingkat pengetahuan orang tua dengan status karies gigi siswa usia 10–12 tahun di SDN Talawaan Bajo Kabupaten Minahasa Utara.

Kata kunci: status karies; tingkat pengetahuan orang tua; siswa

Efek Anti Perdarahan Ekstrak Sabut Kelapa (Cocos Nucifera L) pada Luka Potong Ekor Mencit

2024-05-20T20:07:37+08:00

Abstract: Coconut coir has beneficial secondary metabolites, such as flavonoids, tannins, and saponins, which are known stop bleeding. This effect is much needed in dental practice. This study aimed to determine the anti-hemorhhagic effect of coconut coir extract on cut wound of mouse tail. This was an experimental study with a post test only control design. Subjects were 32 male mice, divided into four groups, as follows: positive control group (epinephrine), negative control group (not treated), and treatment groups with 50% and 100% coconut coir extract. The anti-hemorhhagic effect was observed using the Duke method. The tails of the mice were cut 0.5 cm length, and the bleeding time was measured from the first drop until the blood stopped dripping on the filter paper. Data were analyzed using the One Way ANOVA and the Least Significant Differences test (LSD). The results showed that the positive control group had the shortest bleeding time, followed by the 100% extract group, the 50% extract group, and the negative control group (105.213, 114.738, 143.563, 166.500 seconds). There was a significant difference between the negative control group and the group treated with 100% coconut coir extract (p=0.000). In conclusion, coconut coir extract (Coconut nucifera L) has an anti- hemorhhagic effect on cut wound of mouse tail.

Keywords: coconut coir; anti-hemorhhagic effect

Abstrak: Sabut kelapa memiliki senyawa metabolit sekunder yang sangat bermanfaat, seperti flavonoid, tanin, dan saponin yang diketahui dapat membantu menghentikan proses perdarahan yang sangat dibutuhkan dalam praktik kedokteran gigi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek anti perdarahan ekstrak sabut kelapa terhadap luka potong ekor mencit. Jenis penelitian ialah eksperimental dengan post test only control design. Subjek penelitian ialah 32 ekor mencit jantan yang dibagi menjadi empat kelompok, yaitu kelompok kontrol positif (epinefrin), kontrol negatif (tanpa perlakuan), serta kelompok perlakuan dengan ekstrak sabut kelapa konsentrasi 50%, dan 100%. Efek anti perdarahan dilihat dengan menggunakan metode Duke. Ekor mencit dipotong sepanjang 0,5 cm dan bleeding time diukur dari tetesan pertama hingga darah berhenti menetes pada kertas saring. Data dianalisis menggunakan One Way ANOVA dan Least Significant Differences test (LSD). Hasil peneliian mendapatkan bahwa kelompok kontrol positif memiliki bleeding time paling singkat, diikuti dengan kelompok ekstrak konsentrasi 100%, kelompok ekstrak konsentrasi 50%, dan kelompok kontrol negatif (105,213; 114,738; 143,563; 166,500 detik). Terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara kelompok kontrol negatif dengan kelompok yang diberi perlakuan ekstrak sabut kelapa 100% (p=0,000). Simpulan penelitian ini ialah ekstrak sabut kelapa (Coconut nucifera L) memiliki efek anti perdarahan terhadap luka potong ekor mencit.

Kata kunci: sabut kelapa; efek anti perdarahan

Pola Fraktur Kraniomaksilofasial Akibat Trauma Tumpul Terkait Identifikasi Forensik

2024-06-06T20:59:33+08:00

Abstract: Blunt trauma has high morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. Traffic accidents, assaults or fights, falls, and accidents during sports are the leading cause of this trauma. The head and face areas are frequently the targets of blunt force attacks, and fatal cases are often attributed to trauma to these areas. The magnitude of the velocity and the surface area of the blunt object will produce different oral craniofacial fracture patterns. This study aimed to obtain the pattern of craniomaxillofacial fracture patterns caused by blunt trauma and their relationship to various forensic cases. Craniomaxilofacial fractures divided into cranial, maxilofacial, and mandibular fractures are series of injuries resulting from blunt trauma that may present alone or in a combination of the three of them. This is due to the proximity of the anatomy of these three types of bones. Fracture patterns can be present around the trauma, and can also present far from the trauma area since the trauma will be directly transmitted to areas with lowest weak point. By knowing a fracture pattern, various forensic problems can be solved.

Keywords: blunt trauma; fracture pattern; craniomaxillofacial fracture; forensic cases

Abstrak: Trauma tumpul memiliki tingkat morbiditas dan mortalitas yang cukup tinggi di dunia. Kecelakaan lalu lintas, perkelahian, Tindakan kekerasan, jatuh, serta kecelakaan saat berolahraga merupakan faktor-faktor utama penyebab jenis trauma ini. Area kepala dan wajah merupakan area yang paling sering menjadi target serangan benda tumpul, dan beberapa kasus fatal sering ditemukan akibat trauma pada daerah tersebut. Bentuk dan luas permukaan benda tumpul serta kecepatan hantaman akan menghasilkan pola fraktur kraniomaksilofasial yang berbeda. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan pola fraktur kraniomaksilofasial akibat trauma tumpul dan hubungannya pada berbagai kasus forensik. Fraktur kraniomaksilofasial yang terbagi atas fraktur kranial, maksilofasial, dan mandibula merupakan serangkaian cedera akibat trauma tumpul yang dapat hadir sendiri ataupun kombinasi ketiganya. Hal ini dikarenakan kedekatan anatomi dari ketiga jenis tulang ini. Pola fraktur dapat hadir di sekitar trauma, dan juga dapat hadir jauh dari area trauma. Hal ini dikarenakan dampak dari trauma akan langsung diteruskan ke daerah yang memiliki titik lemah paling rendah. Dengan mengetahui suatu pola fraktur maka berbagai masalah forensik dapat terpecahkan seperti merekonstruksi suatu kejadian, identifikasi jenis senjata, serta membantu proses pengadilan.

Kata kunci: trauma tumpul; pola fraktur; fraktur kraniomaksilofasial; kasus forensik

Efektivitas Aromaterapi Peppermint (Mentha Piperita L) untuk Mengatasi Kecemasan Sebelum Ekstraksi Gigi

2024-08-29T23:03:30+08:00

Abstract: During tooth extraction, patients sometimes feel anxious that can cause mental disorders. One way to reduce anxiety is by using peppermint-based aromatherapy. This study aimed to find out the effectiveness of peppermint aromatherapy (Mentha piperita L) before tooth extraction. This was a quasi exprimental study with a cross sectional design. Samples were patients that came to Azka Nadhifa Clinic for tooth extraction, obtained by using accidental sampling. Level of anxiety was based on pulse rate measured with oximeter. The results obtained 44 patients as samples. Before aromatherapy treatment, the mean pulse rate of patients was 105.64 (SD±2.90) meanwhile after treatment the mean pulse rate was 82.95 (SD±6.62). The T-paired showed that the mean difference of pulse rate before and after aromatherapy treatment was 22.68, with a p-value of 0.000 (p<0.05), meaning a sifnificant difference between before and after treatment. In conclusion, peppermint aromatherapy (Mentha piperita L) is effective to overcome anxiety before tooth extraction.

Abstrak: Saat melakukan prosedur ekstraksi gigi pasien terkadang merasa cemas hingga mengalami gangguan mental. Salah satu cara menurunkan kecemasan ialah dengan menggunakan aromaterapi berbahan peppermint (Mentha piperita L). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas aromaterapi peppermint terhadap tingkat kecemasan pasien sebelum tindakan ekstraksi gigi. Metode penelitian ialah kuasi eksprimental dengan desain potong lintang. Sampel penelitian ialah pasien yang berkunjung ke klinik Azka Nadhifa utnuk tindakan ekstraksi gigi, diperoleh dengan menggunakan accidental sampling. Tingkat kecemasan diukur berdasarkan denyut nadi dengan menggunakan oximeter. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan 44 pasien sebagai sampel penelitian. Sebelum perlakuan aromaterapi didapatkan rerata denyut nadi pasien sebesar 105,64 (SD±2,90) sedangkan setelah perlakuan didapatkan rerata denyut nadi sebesar 82,95 (SD±6,62). Hasil uji T-paired menunjukkan bahwa selisih rerata denyut nadi sebelum dan setelah perlakuan sebesar 22,68, dengan nilai p=0,000 (p<0,05), yang menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara sebelum dan setelah diberikan aromaterapi peppermint. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah pemberian aromaterapi peppermint (Mentha piperita L) efektif dalam mengatasi kecemasan sebelum ekstraksi gigi.

Kata kunci: ekstraksi gigi; kecemasan; aromaterapi; peppermint

Clinical Implications of Dental Injury Analysis in Forensic Odontology: A Review Article

2024-05-03T22:42:55+08:00

Abstract: Dental trauma is a common occurrence in forensic investigations and may provide important clues about the amount of damages and when they occurred, both of which are vital in court cases. Forensic pathologists and dentists work hand in hand to assess and diagnose oral injuries accurately, which is crucial for those who are alive and those who have passed away. In order to guarantee accurate forensic results, the need of standardizing procedures used in dental trauma analysis, such as clinical and radiographic tests, and the need of thorough documentation are very crucial. The many kinds of dental injuries, their causes, and how forensic applications help to identify victims and piece together are very important to be discussed. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the importance of dental injury analysis, procedures and their implications in various cases within the scope of forensic odontology for efficient practice, highlighting the vital role of forensic odontology in medico-legal investigations via an in-depth review of the existing literature.

Keywords: dental trauma; forensic odontologist; clinical examination; radiographic assessment; legal context

Korelasi antara Intensitas Nyeri dan Kualitas Hidup Terkait Kesehatan Gigi dan Mulut pada Pasien Endodontik

2024-09-05T20:26:49+08:00

Abstract: Endodontic pain can inhibit activity and negatively impact patient's quality of life. This study aimed to find out the correlation between the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores and oral health-related quality of life using the General Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI) in endodontic patients. A total of 199 patients were referred to UNHAS RSGMP for endodontic treatment. The entire patient determined the intensity of the pain they were experiencing using VAS on a scale between 0 and 10. The patient was then instructed to fill out a 12-question GOHAI questionnaire. The statistical analysis used was the Spearman correlation test. The results showed that the average age of the patients in this study was 35.3 years, with the female patient dominating the samples (66.3%). The Spearman's correlation test showed that there was a positive and significant correlation between GOHAI scores and VAS scores, with an r-value of 0.177 and a p-value of 0,012. In conclusion, high intensity of pain correlates with low quality of life in endodontic patients, highlighting the need for dentists and endodontists to accurately execute endodontic pain, therefore, promptly improvement of endodontic patients' quality of life can be achieved.

Keywords: endodontic; orofacial pain; quality of life; Visual Analogue Scale; General Oral Health Assessment Index

Abstrak: Nyeri endodontik dapat menghambat aktifitas hingga berdampak buruk pada kualitas hidup penderita. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui korelasi antara skor Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) dan kualitas hidup terkait kesehatan gigi dan mulut dengan menggunakan General Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI) pada pasien endodontik. Sebanyak 199 pasien dirujuk ke RSGMP UNHAS untuk dilakukan perawatan endodontik. Seluruh pasien menentukan intensitas nyeri yang sedang dialami menggunakan VAS dengan skala antara 0 dan 10. Selanjutnya pasien diinstruksikan untuk mengisi kuesioner GOHAI sebanyak 12 butir pertanyaan. Jenis analisis statistik yang digunakan ialah uji korelasi Spearman. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan rerata usia pasien ialah 35,3 tahun, dengan pasien perempuan yang mendominasi sampel (66,3%). Hasil uji korelasi Spearman menunjukkan adanya korelasi positif dan bermakna antara skor GOHAI dan skor VAS dengan nilai r sebesar 0,177 serta nilai p sebesar 0,012. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah terdapat korelasi antara GOHAI dan VAS dimana tingginya intensitas nyeri dapat menyebabkan rendahnya kualitas hidup pada pasien endodontik. Dokter gigi dan endodontis diharapkan mampu melakukan penatalaksanaan nyeri endodontik dengan tepat agar dapat segera memperbaiki kualitas hidup pasien endodontik.

Kata kunci: endodontik; kualitas hidup; nyeri orofasial; Visual Analogue Scale; General Oral Health Assessment Index

Efektifitas Berbagai Macam Teknik Penggunaan Topical Application Fluoride terhadap Karies Anak

2024-08-29T22:33:09+08:00

Abstract: Fluoride can be utilized in two ways, systemically, through the digestion of the mineral; and locally, through the topical application of fluoride containing solutions. When fluoride is applied to tooth surface, the fluoride ions replace hydroxide ions in the hydroxyapatite crystals of the tooth form, which will promote remineralization by reducing tooth solubility. The direct approach of fluoride to the tooth base is known as topical fluoride application (TAF). This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of various topical application fluoride (TAF) application techniques on pediatric caries in the form of a systematic review. Article searching used google schoolar database, pubmed, web of science, and manual searching. The results obtained eight articles that met the criteria from 258 article searching results. The use of trays with fluoride gel was effective in reducing caries in children and adolescents. Fluoride varnish applied every 3-6 months could significantly reduce the incidence of dental caries. The use of fluoride mouthwash twice a day could reduce plaque and improve overall dental health. Regular use of fluoride toothpaste could reduce the incidence of caries by 30%. In conclusion, each type of topical fluoride application technique has its own superiority. Moreover, the right combination of techniques and frequency of application according to individual need provides the best result.

Keywords: topical application fluoride; dental caries; application method

Abstrak: Fluorida dapat dimanfaatkan dengan dua cara, yaitu secara sistemik melalui pencernaan mineral oleh tubuh, dan secara lokal melalui aplikasi fluorida secara topikal menggunakan larutan fluorida. Ketika fluorida diaplikasikan pada permukaan gigi, ion fluorida menggantikan ion hidroksida dalam kristal hidroksiapatit pada bentuk gigi, yang akan meningkatkan remineralisasi dengan mengurangi kelarutan gigi. Pendekatan langsung fluorida ke dasar gigi dikenal sebagai aplikasi fluorida topikal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektifitas berbagai macam teknik penggunaan topical application fluoride (TAF) terhadap karies anak dalam bentuk systematic review. Penelusuran menggunakan database google schoolar, pubmed, web of science, dan manual searching. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan delapan artikel yang memenuhi kriteria dari 258 hasil pencarian artikel. Penggunaan tray dengan gel fluoride efektif dalam mengurangi karies pada anak dan remaja. Fluoride varnish yang dioleskan setiap 3-6 bulan dapat mengurangi insiden karies gigi secara bermakna. Penggunaan obat kumur fluorida dua kali sehari dapat mengurangi plak dan meningkatkan kesehatan gigi secara menyeluruh. Penggunaan pasta gigi berfluorida secara rutin dapat mengurangi kejadian karies hingga 30%. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah setiap macam teknik aplikasi topical application fluoride yang tepat memiliki keunggulan masing-masing, serta kombinasi teknik dan frekuensi sesuai dengan kebutuhan individu memberikan hasil terbaik.

Kata kunci: topical application fluoride; karies gigi; metode aplikasi

Perbaikan Retensi pada Gigi Tiruan Lengkap: Laporan Kasus

2024-10-11T10:13:50+08:00

Abstract: Losing all teeth in the oral cavity is a challenge for dentist, especially in patients who never use dentures or in patients who have a history of uncomfortable dentures. We reported a 70-year-old male patient who complained that his newly made dentures were loose and difficulty in swallowing. The dentures were made three months ago and he felt uncomfortable while using them. After observing the old complete dentures, we found that the denture flanges were overextension, therefore, the dentures often fell off when used. The patient wanted to have new dentures, so he could eat properly. The new complete denture was made by paying attention to the flanges and posterior palatal seal areas to obtain better retention and stability. Individual tray and border molding as well as physiological impression were made carefully to obtain optimal result. In conclusion, the new dentures provide better retention and the patient is satisfied with the result. Good retention and stability of complete dentures can improve the quality of life of patients, especially the eldery.

Keywords: retention; stability; border molding; posterior palatal seal

Abstrak: Kehilangan semua gigi dalam rongga mulut merupakan tantangan bagi dokter gigi terutama pada pasien yang belum pernah menggunakan gigi tiruan lepasan sebelumnya atau pada pasien yang telah memiliki riwayat dimana gigi tiruannya tidak nyaman. Kami melaporkan kasus seorang pasien laki-laki berusia 70 tahun dengan keluhan gigi tiruan yang baru dibuat tiga bulan lalu terasa sering lepas dan kesulitan menelan. Setelah diobservasi gigi tiruan lengkap yang lama memiliki sayap gigi tiruan yang terlalu panjang sehingga sering lepas ketika digunakan. Pasien ingin dibuatkan gigi tiruan baru dengan harapan dapat makan dengan lebih baik. Gigi tiruan lengkap yang baru dibuat dengan memperhatikan tepi-tepi sayap dan daerah posterior palatal seal sehingga didapatkan retensi dan stabilitas yang lebih baik. Sendok cetak perorangan dan penutupan batas tepi serta pencetakan fisiologis dilakukan dengan seksama untuk mendapatkan hasil yang optimal. Simpulan kasus ini ialah gigi tiruan baru memberikan retensi yang lebih baik dimana pasien puas dengan gigi tiruan yang baru. Retensi dan stabilitas yang baik dari gigi tiruan lengkap dapat meningkatkan kualitas hidup pasien terutama pada lansia.

Kata kunci: retensi; stabilitas; penutupan tepi; batas posterior palatum

Analysis of Impacted Mandibular Second Premolar Finding Trough Panoramic Radiograph: A Case Report

2024-10-11T10:21:31+08:00

Abstract: An impacted tooth is a tooth that cannot erupt to its normal functional position after the development of the root. The mandibular second premolar is the third most impacted that can potentially cause problems in the tooth and surrounding structures. Panoramic radiography can detect and evaluate the impacted tooth, surrounding tissues, and possible pathologies including cysts and tumors. This study aimed to discuss the findings of impacted mandibular second premolar on panoramic radiograph. We reported a 13-year-old male patient who came to RSIGMP-UMI complaining of protruding upper front teeth and occasional food impaction in the right lower anterior molar area. Panoramic radiograph showed a vertical angulation of tooth 45, with the crown directed towards the occlusal line between teeth 46 and 44, and the apex directed towards the mandibular ramus border approaching the mandibular canal, with an inclination 0° and type I. Panoramic radiographs are essential in dentistry, particularly in orthodontic treatment. In this case, the radiograph revealed an impacted mandibular second premolar. Extraction of this tooth is often necessary for optimal treatment outcomes. However, in this case, the patient's parents were still hesitant to proceed with tooth extraction.

Keywords: impacted teeth; second premolar teeth; panoramic radiography