e-GiGi
type: channel
description: e-GiGi is pubiished by Indonesian Anatomist Association in Manado, in collaboration with Sam Ratulangi University. The coverage of this journal is related to dental sciences in the forms of research, case report, and literature review.
publisher: Universitas Sam Ratulangi
language: en-US
publication name: e-GiGi
issn: 2338-199X
copyright: COPYRIGHT Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms: Authors hold their copyright and grant this journal the privilege of first publication, with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that permits others to impart the work with an acknowledgment of the work's origin and initial publication by this journal. Authors can enter into separate or additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (for example, post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its underlying publication in this journal. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (for example, in institutional repositories or on their website) as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of the published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
items: Analisis Tingkat Kepuasan Pasien Terhadap Pelayanan Kesehatan Gigi dan Mulut dengan Metode Servqual
items: Uji Daya Hambat Virgin Coconut Oil terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Porphyromonas gingivalis
items: Pengaruh Perendaman Resin Komposit Nanofil dalam Obat Kumur Probiotik Non-Alkohol terhadap Kekerasan Permukaan
items: Hubungan Kebiasaan Merokok dengan Status Gingiva pada Nelayan di Desa Tateli Weru
items: Uji Efektivitas Larutan Prebiotik Buah Naga dalam Menghambat Pertumbuhan Porphyromonas Gingivalis secara in vitro
items: Pengaruh Berkumur Air Kelapa Tua (Cocos nucifera L.) terhadap Laju Aliran Saliva pada Lanjut Usia
items: Hubungan Tingkat Pengetahuan tentang Kesehatan Gigi dan Mulut dengan Kebersihan Gigi Anak di SD GMIM Buloh
items: Uji Daya Hambat Ekstrak Etanol Daun Waru (Hibiscus tiliaceus) terhadap Jamur Candida albicans pada Basis Akrilik
items: Gambaran Pengetahuan Masyarakat tentang Perawatan Saluran Akar
items: Pengaruh Penggunaan Aplikasi Quizztooth Games Terhadap Tingkat Pengetahuan Kesehatan Gigi dan Mulut Kader Dokter Kecil
items: Prevalensi Maloklusi Anterior pada Anak Usia 8-12 tahun di SDN Renged 1 Tangerang
items: Uji Daya Hambat Esktrak Daun Ketapang (Terminalia catappa L.) terhadap Pertumbuhan Streptococcus mutans pada Plat Gigi Tiruan Lepasan Akrilik
items: Hubungan antara Perilaku Menyikat Gigi dengan Indeks Kalkulus pada Masyarakat Pesisir
items: Dental Tourism: Understanding Foreign Patients’ Decisions to Undergo Aligner Treatment in Indonesia
items: Pengaruh Tekanan Sandblasting Al2O3 pada Metode Sandblasting dan Acid Etching terhadap Kekasaran Permukaan Titanium Alloy
items: Efektivitas Perendaman Elemen Gigi Tiruan akibat Diskolorasi Teh Hitam dalam Larutan Arang Aktif Tempurung Kelapa
items: Gambaran Erupsi Molar Satu Permanen Mandibula dan Status Gizi Anak Usia 6 Tahun
items: Relationship between Parent’s Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Oral Health Maintenance with Oral Hygiene of 7 to 9-year-old Students
items: Uji Daya Hambat Ekstrak Daun Mangrove (Bruguiera gymnorrhiza) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Porphyromonas Gingivalis
items: Antibacterial Effectivity of Javanese Turmeric (Curcuma zanthorrhiza) Compared to Red Ginger (Zingiber officinale var. rubrum) Extracts against Enterococcus faecalis
items: Identifikasi Bakteri pada Permukaan Kerja sebelum Tindakan Ekstraksi Gigi
items: Hubungan antara Konsumsi Minuman Captikus dan Kejadian Karies Gigi pada Masyarakat Nelayan
items: Hubungan antara Pola Konsumsi Ikan Laut dengan Kejadian Karies Gigi pada Remaja
items: Perbedaan Tingkat Akurasi Perhitungan Space Mantainer dengan Metode Radiografi dan Model Gigi pada Pasien Anak Usia 7-10 Tahun
items: Analisis Ekspresi MMP-9 dan Hitung Fibroblas sebagai Marker Penyembuhan Ulkus Traumatikus dengan St. John’s Wort (Hypericum perforatum) Topikal pada Tikus Diabetes Melitus
items: Tingkat Kesadaran Pemeliharaan Kesehatan Rongga Mulut pada Anak Sekolah Dasar
items: Hubungan antara Literasi Gizi dengan Perilaku Makan Mahasiswa Aktif Program Studi Pendidikan Dokter Gigi
items: Hubungan Durasi Penggunaan Mouthpiece SCUBA Diving dengan Gangguan Sendi Temoporomandibular pada Penyelam Ditpolairud Sulawesi Utara
items: Hubungan Aktivitas Merokok dan Laju Aliran Saliva pada Nelayan di Kelurahan Makawidey Kota Bitung
items: Management of Herpes-Associated Erythema Multiforme in a Young Male: A Case Report
items: Diagnosis dan Manajemen Cheilitis Exfoliatif Kronis yang Diinduksi oleh Stres, Depresi, dan Kecemasan: Laporan Kasus
items: Dari Konsep Satu Jenis Patogen S. mutans ke Interaksi Mikrobioma - Perubahan Paradigma untuk Metode Pencegahan ECC yang Lebih Efektif
items: Evaluasi Pendidikan Anatomi Berbasis Kadaver pada Mahasiswa Kedokteran Gigi
items: Perbedaan Tingkat Kecemasan Anak Usia 6-9 Tahun pada Perawatan Gigi Sebelum dan Setelah Menggunakan Distraksi dengan Virtual Reality
items: Efektivitas Antibakteri Nanokomposit AgNP Cymbopogon citratus dengan Penstabil Kitosan terhadap Streptococcus viridans
items: Kejadian Gingivitis pada Siswa Tunagrahita di SLB Wilayah Pesisir Kota Manado
items: Status Psikososial Remaja Usia 15-17 Tahun yang Mengalami Maloklusi Anterior Berdasarkan Indeks PIDAQ

Analisis Tingkat Kepuasan Pasien Terhadap Pelayanan Kesehatan Gigi dan Mulut dengan Metode Servqual
type: item
description: Abstract: Patient satisfaction is one of the best indicators for determining healthcare service quality. Factors such as age, gender, education, and occupation influence patient satisfaction. The Servqual questionnaire can measure expectations and the reality of services provided to determine patient satisfaction levels. This study aimed to assess the level of patient satisfaction, related factors, and factors influencing the patient satisfaction at the Academic Dental Clinic RSGM-P FKG Usakti. Data were obtained by using questionnaires before and after receiving treatment. Patient satisfaction levels, related factors, and influencing factors were analyzed using the Spearman's rank correlation and logistic regression. Data results were presented in Cartesian diagrams and the Rasch Model. The results obtained 293 patients as respondents. The patient satisfaction rate was 75%. Cartesian diagram and Rasch Model analyses highlighted cleanliness, waiting room comfort, and waiting time as aspects that management should address. The Spearman's rank correlation results indicated that age and education level were associated with patient satisfaction level. The logistic regression results did not show any influencing factors. In conclusion, patient satisfaction level at the Academic Dental Clinic at RSGM-P FKG Usakti fall within the satisfied category, with age and education level being significant factors. Keywords: patient satisfaction; dental and oral health services; Servqual; Academic Dental Clinic Abstrak: Kepuasan pasien merupakan salah satu indikator terbaik untuk menentukan kualitas pelayanan kesehatan. Faktor seperti usia, jenis kelamin, pendidikan dan pekerjaan berpengaruh terhadap kepuasan pasien. Kuesioner Servqual dapat mengukur harapan dan realita pelayanan yang diberikan untuk mengetahui tingkat kepuasan pasien. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran tingkat kepuasan pasien, faktor yang berhubungan, serta faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap tingkat ke…
creator: Denilson Denilson
creator: Tri E. Astoeti
creator: Yohana Yusra
creator: Indrayadi Gunardi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Denilson Denilson, Tri E. Astoeti, Yohana Yusra, Indrayadi Gunardi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-06-02
publication date: 2025-06-02
volume: 14
number: 1
starting page: 1
ending page: 6
doi: 10.35790/eg.v14i1.58230

Uji Daya Hambat Virgin Coconut Oil terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Porphyromonas gingivalis
type: item
description: Abstract: Porphyromonas gingivalis is a type of bacteria that commonly causes periodontal disease. Several studies have revealed that virgin coconut oil (VCO) is able to provide antibacterial effects due to its high fatty acid content, especially lauric acid. This study aimed to identify the ability of VCO to inhibit the growth of Porphyromonas gingivalis bacteria. This test used the disc diffusion method. Samples of VCO were taken from the Agricultural Instrument Standardization Agency (BSIP) for palm plants which were processed using the dry method and made into concentrations of 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% with four repetitions. The Porphyromonas gingivalis bacteria used were cultured bacteria from the Laboratory of the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences (FMIPA) Universitas Sam Ratulangi, Manado. The results for VCO concentrations of 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% showed antibacterial activity. The largest mean diameter was 7.5 mm in 100% concentration of VCO, meanwhile the smallest mean diameter, namely 25% concentration of VCO, was 3.1 mm. In conclusion, virgin coconut oil (VCO) has inhibitory effect on the growth of Porphyromonas gingivalis bacteria. The higher the concentration, the greater the inhibitory effect. Keywords: virgin coconut oil; Porphyromonas gingivalis Abstrak: Porphyromonas gingivalis merupakan salah satu jenis bakteri yang ssering menyebabkan penyakit periodontal. Beberapa penelitian mengungkapkan Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) mampu memberikan efek antibakteri yang disebabkan oleh kandungan asam lemak khususnya asam laurat yang tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi kemampuan VCO dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Porphyromonas gingivalis. Pengujian ini menggunakan metode difusi cakram. Sampel VCO diambil dari Badan Standarisasi Instrumen Pertanian (BSIP) Tanaman Palma yang diolah dengan metode kering dan dibuat menjadi konsentrasi 25%, 50%, 75% dan 100% dengan empat kali pengulangan. Bakteri Porphyromonas gingivalis yang digunakan …
creator: Fatrisia S. Sampe
creator: Janno B. B. Bernadus
creator: Juliatri Juliatri
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Fatrisia S. Sampe, Janno B. B. Bernadus, Juliatri Juliatri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-06-06
publication date: 2025-06-06
volume: 14
number: 1
starting page: 7
ending page: 12
doi: 10.35790/eg.v14i1.61278

Pengaruh Perendaman Resin Komposit Nanofil dalam Obat Kumur Probiotik Non-Alkohol terhadap Kekerasan Permukaan
type: item
description: Abstract: Recently, composite resin has become the most desired restorative materials. Due to its small filler particle, nanofilled resin composite deliver a superb result in esthetical aspect. However, composite’s mechanical properties could be affected by various factors, for example by using mouthwash. Mouthwash with probiotics has been popular these day, which results in positive effect on oral hygiene, such as lower plaque index. However, the effect of probiotic mouthwash to mechanical properties of nanofilled resin composite is yet to be researched. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of nanofilled resin composite immersion in non-alcohol probiotic mouthwash on surface hardness. Samples were nanofilled resin composite Filtek Z350 XT mould into silindrical shape and cured. The samples were immersed in fabricated saliva and their surface hardness were measured with Vickers hardness test (pre-test). There were four sample groups: 12-hour and 24-hour saliva immersed group, and 12-hour and 24 hour non-alcohol probiotic mouthwash immersed group. After the immersion of each group, surface hardness of each sample was tested with Vickers hardness test (post-test). This results showed that there was significantly reduction of hardness between pre-test and post-test samples in each group, and real reduction of hardness between samples immersed in saliva and non-alcohol probiotic mouthwash. There was no significant difference between samples immersed in non-alcohol probiotic mouthwash for 12 hours and 24 hours. In conclusion, there is a significant difference in nanofilled resin composite hardness between before and after immersion in non-alcohol probiotic mouthwash. Keywords: nanofilled-resin composite; surface hardness; probiotic mouthwash Abstrak: Resin komposit merupakan bahan restorasi yang sangat digemari saat ini. Ukuran partikel filler resin komposit nanofil memberikan hasil yang sangat memuaskan dalam segi estetika, namun terkadang sifat mekanik resin komposi…
creator: Gloria Fortuna
creator: Bintoro Kardinoto
creator: Sari S. Pandita
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Gloria Fortuna, Bintoro Kardinoto, Sari S. Pandita https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-06-15
publication date: 2025-06-15
volume: 14
number: 1
starting page: 13
ending page: 19
doi: 10.35790/eg.v14i1.61690

Hubungan Kebiasaan Merokok dengan Status Gingiva pada Nelayan di Desa Tateli Weru
type: item
description: Abstract: Smoking is a very common habit in society. Burden of work, economic pressure, and family life are often the reasons that encourage people to smoke as a diversion to the pressure or stress experienced. This habit not only causes systemic effects, but can also cause pathological conditions in the oral cavity. Heat and accumulation of cigarette combustion products can affect the inflammatory response of gingiva. This study aimed to determine the relationship between smoking habits and gingiva status in fishermen in Tateli Weru village. This was an observational and analytical study with a cross-sectional design. Samples were obtained by using the total sampling technique. This study was carried out by measuring the number of cigarettes in a day using a questionnaire and conducting an examination to see the gingival status. Data were analyzed using the Spearman rank correlation test. The results showed that 57.5% of fishermen had moderate smoking habits and 46.6% of fisherman had moderate gingival status. The bivariate analysis showed a p-value of 0.003 (<0.05). In conclusion there is a relationship between smoking habit and gingival status among fishermen in Tateli Weru village. Keywords: smoking habits; gingival status; fisherman Abstrak: Merokok merupakan kebiasaan yang sangat umum di masyarakat. Beban pekerjaan, tekanan ekonomi, kehidupan keluarga seringkali merupakan alasan yang mendorong seseorang untuk merokok sebagai pengalihan terhadap tekanan atau stres yang dialami. Kebiasaan ini tidak hanya menimbulkan efek secara sistemik, tetapi juga dapat menimbulkan kondisi patologis di rongga mulut. Panas dan akumulasi produk hasil pembakaran rokok dapat memengaruhi respon inflamasi gingiva. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan kebiasaan merokok dengan status gingiva pada nelayan di Desa Tateli Weru. Jenis penelitian ialah observasional analitik dengan desain potong lintang. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik total sampling. Data dianalisis me…
creator: Marchella M. Mengko
creator: Vonny N. S. Wowor
creator: Wulan G. Parengkuan
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Marchella M. Mengko, Vonny N. S. Wowor, Wulan G. Parengkuan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-06-15
publication date: 2025-06-15
volume: 14
number: 1
starting page: 20
ending page: 25
doi: 10.35790/eg.v14i1.61279

Uji Efektivitas Larutan Prebiotik Buah Naga dalam Menghambat Pertumbuhan Porphyromonas Gingivalis secara in vitro
type: item
description: Abstract: Periodontal disease in pregnant women is related to an increased risk of pregnancy complications due to bacterial infections, particularly Porphyromonas gingivalis. Natural mouthwashes containing prebiotics are a promising alternative to support oral and periodontal health. This study aimed to assess the antibacterial efficacy of dragon fruit prebiotic solution against P. gingivalis. A disk diffusion method was employed using agar medium to observe the inhibition zone of P. gingivalis. Dragon fruit prebiotic solutions of 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% were used as treatment groups; each was duplicated four times. The diameters of inhibitory zones were measured in millimeters, and the ANOVA test was used to examine group differences. The results showed that as the concentration increased, the inhibition zone diameter significantly increased. The mean diameters were 8.2 mm (10%), 12.5 mm (20%), 16.8 mm (30%), and 20.3 mm (40%). All groups showed significant differences with p-values less than 0.05. In conclusion, dragon fruit prebiotic solution demonstrates antibacterial potential against Porphyromonas gingivalis. The 40% concentration exhibits the highest effectiveness (very strong category), indicating its potential as an active natural mouthwash ingredient. Keywords: dragon fruit prebiotics; Porphyromonas gingivalis; periodontal health Abstrak: Penyakit periodontal pada ibu hamil dikaitkan dengan peningkatan risiko komplikasi kehamilan akibat infeksi bakteri, khususnya Porphyromonas gingivalis. Obat kumur berbahan alami yang mengandung prebiotik menjadi alternatif menjanjikan dalam mendukung kesehatan mulut dan jaringan periodontal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas daya hambat larutan prebiotik buah naga terhadap P. gingivalis dengan menggunakan pengujian in vitro. Metode difusi cakram pada media digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi hambatan pertumbuhan P. gingivalis. Larutan prebiotik buah naga diuji pada konsentrasi 10%, 20%, 30%, dan 40%. Diam…
creator: Dwi W. Indrawati
creator: Yanik Purwanti
creator: Anis K. Hayati
creator: Ria A. Mukti
creator: Khoirun Nisa
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Dwi W. Indrawati, Yanik Purwanti, Anis K. Hayati, Ria A. Mukti, Khoirun Nisa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-06-27
publication date: 2025-06-27
volume: 14
number: 1
starting page: 26
ending page: 32
doi: 10.35790/eg.v14i1.61392

Pengaruh Berkumur Air Kelapa Tua (Cocos nucifera L.) terhadap Laju Aliran Saliva pada Lanjut Usia
type: item
description: Abstract: Saliva has an important role in the oral cavity. Poor salivary secretion can lead to complaint of dry mouth, that can be caused by several factors, inter alia age. Salivary flow rate may increase due to mechanical stimulation such as gargling, and chemical stimulation such as taste effects. Over ripe coconut water contains tannins that cause a bitter taste that can stimulate saliva secretion. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of gargling over ripe coconut water (Cocos nucifera L.) on the rate of salivary flow. This was an experimental study with a pre-experimental research design, and one group pretest-posttest design approach. Samples were residents of Desa Tateli Weru aged 60 years and above, using the purposive sampling method. The results showed that there was an increase of salivary flow rate from 0,543255814 mL/minute to 0,78 mL/minute after gargling with over ripe coconut water. The Wilcoxon test obtained a p-value of <0.05. In conclusion, gargling with over ripe coconut water (Cocos nucifera L.) can affect salivary flow rate in the elderly. Keywords: over ripe coconut water; salivary flow rate; elderly Abstrak: Saliva berperan penting dalam rongga mulut. Sekresi saliva yang tidak maksimal dapat menimbulkan keluhan mulut kering, yang dapat disebabkan oleh beberapa hal, salah satunya usia. Laju aliran saliva dapat meningkat karena rangsangan mekanis seperti berkumur dan kimiawi seperti efek pengecapan. Air kelapa tua mengandung tanin yang menimbulkan rasa pahit yang dapat merangsang sekresi saliva. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh berkumur menggunakan air kelapa tua (Cocos nucifera L.) terhadap laju aliran saliva pada lanjut usia (lansia). Jenis penelitian ini ialah eksperimental dengan desain penelitian pra eksperimental dan pendekatan one group pretest-posttest design. Sampel penelitian ini ialah masyarakat Desa Tateli Weru yang berusia 60 tahun ke atas, dengan menggunakan metode pengambilan sampel secara purposive sampling.…
creator: Graciella O. Siringoringo
creator: Johanna A. Khoman
creator: Aurelia S. R. Supit
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Graciella O. Siringoringo, Johanna A. Khoman, Aurelia S. R. Supit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-06-29
publication date: 2025-06-29
volume: 14
number: 1
starting page: 33
ending page: 38
doi: 10.35790/eg.v14i1.62038

Hubungan Tingkat Pengetahuan tentang Kesehatan Gigi dan Mulut dengan Kebersihan Gigi Anak di SD GMIM Buloh
type: item
description: Abstract: Oral hygiene is a crucial factor in maintaining oral health and preventing various diseases in the oral cavity. Knowledge about dental and oral health is fundamental for maintaining oral hygiene. This study aimed to determine the relationship between the level of knowledge about dental and oral health with oral hygiene of children at GMIM Buloh Elementary School. This was an observational and analytical study with a cross-sectional design. Subjects were selected using the total sampling method. Children's dental and oral hygiene was assessed using the OHI-S index, and the level of knowledge was measured using a questionnaire with a Guttman scale. The results showed that related to knowledge about dental and oral health, 14.71% had good knowledge, 61.76% had sufficient knowledge, and 23.53% had poor knowledge. Dental hygiene was found to be good in 14.7% of the subjects, moderate in 64.71%, and poor in 20.58%. Bivariate analysis using the Spearman statistical test showed a p-value of 0.01 (p<0.05). In conclusion, there is a relationship between the level of knowledge about dental and oral health with the oral hygiene of children at GMIM Buloh Elementary School. Keywords: knowledge; dental and oral hygiene; children Abstrak: Masalah kesehatan gigi dan mulut sering dialami oleh anak-anak. Kebersihan gigi dan mulut merupakan salah satu faktor yang sangat penting dalam menjaga kesehatan gigi dan mulut serta mencegah terjadinya berbagai penyakit dalam rongga mulut. Pengetahuan tentang kesehatan gigi dan mulut merupakan hal dasar untuk menjaga kebersihan gigi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan tingkat pengetahuan tentang kesehatan gigi dan mulut dengan kebersihan gigi anak di SD GMIM Buloh. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode observasional analitik dengan desain potong lintang. Pengambilan subjek menggunakan total sampling. Pemeriksaan kebersihan gigi anak dilakukan menggunakan indeks OHI-S. Tingkat pengetahuan diukur menggunakan kuesioner dengan s…
creator: Oxana C. Sumampouw
creator: Wulan G. Parengkuan
creator: Juliatri Juliatri
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Oxana C. Sumampouw, Wulan G. Parengkuan, Juliatri Juliatri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-06-29
publication date: 2025-06-29
volume: 14
number: 1
starting page: 39
ending page: 44
doi: 10.35790/eg.v14i1.62037

Uji Daya Hambat Ekstrak Etanol Daun Waru (Hibiscus tiliaceus) terhadap Jamur Candida albicans pada Basis Akrilik
type: item
description: Abstract: Removable dentures, especially the parts that come into direct contact with the mucosa, can negatively affect the oral cavity if not properly maintained, leading to chronic inflammation caused by Candida albicans known as denture stomatitis. Generally, cleaning is done mechanically or chemically by soaking in a cleaning solution. Waru plant (Hibiscus tiliaceus) is a natural material that contains active compounds such as flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids, and tannins, which have potential as antifungal agents. This study aimed to test the effectiveness of the ethanol extract of waru leaves (Hibiscus tiliaceus) against Candida albicans on an acrylic base. This was a true experimental study with a post-test control group design. The testing method used a modified Kirby-Bauer method with wells. The treatment samples were divided into concentrations of 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, with positive and negative controls. Data were analyzed using the One-Way ANOVA test, showing p<0.05, indicating a significant difference in the mean inhibition power among the four concentration groups. The Post Hoc test (Tukey’s HSD) results showed differences in inhibition strength across each treatment concentration and the control group. In conclusion, waru leaf extract (Hibiscus tiliaceus) is effective in inhibiting the growth of Candida albicans. Keywords: dentures; dentures stomatitis; Candida albicans; Hibiscus tiliaceus Abstrak: Gigi tiruan lepasan khususnya bagian yang berkontak langsung dengan mukosa yang tidak dijaga kebersihannya akan berdampak pada rongga mulut yang disebabkan inflamasi kronis karena jamur Candida albicans dan dikenal sebagai Denture stomatitis. Secara umum pembersihan dilakukan secara mekanis atau kimiawi dengan perendaman dalam larutan pembersih. Tanaman waru Hibiscus tiliaceus merupakan bahan alami yang mengandung senyawa aktif antara lain flavonoid, saponin, alkaloid, dan tanin yang berpotensi sebagai antijamur. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji efektivi…
creator: Anju A. Lumban Gaol
creator: Ni Wayan Mariati
creator: Rizka Wahyuni
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Anju A. Lumban Gaol, Ni Wayan Mariati, Rizka Wahyuni https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-06-29
publication date: 2025-06-29
volume: 14
number: 1
starting page: 45
ending page: 50
doi: 10.35790/eg.v14i1.62040

Gambaran Pengetahuan Masyarakat tentang Perawatan Saluran Akar
type: item
description: Abstract: Root canal treatment (RCT) is a crucial procedure in dentistry that aim to preserve infected teeth. The community's knowledge of root canal treatment can be influenced by several factors such as access to dental care, education level, and overall awareness of dental health's importance. This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge of residents at Desa Tateli Weru, Kecamatan Mandolang, Kabupaten Minahasa, North Sulawesi Province, regarding root canal treatment. This was a descriptive study with a cross-sectional design. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling, with a total sample size of 93 residents at Desa Tateli Weru. Data were collected using a questionnaire as the research instrument. The results showed that 34 residents (36.5%) had good knowledge, 18 residents (19.4%) had moderate knowledge, and 41 residents (44.1%) had poor knowledge about root canal treatment. In conclusion, the community's knowledge about root canal treatment at Desa Tateli Weru is categorized as generally poor. Keywords: knowledge; community; root canal treatment Abstrak: Perawatan saluran akar (PSA) merupakan salah satu prosedur penting dalam bidang kedokteran gigi dengan tujuan untuk mempertahankan gigi terinfeksi. Pengetahuan masyarakat tentang perawatan saluran akar bisa berbeda-beda, dipengaruhi oleh sejumlah faktor seperti akses terhadap perawatan gigi, tingkat pendidikan, serta kesadaran masyarakat akan pentingnya menjaga kesehatan gigi secara keseluruhan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran pengetahuan masyarakat Desa Tateli Weru, Kecamatan Mandolang, Kabupaten Minahasa, Provinsi Sulawesi Utara tentang perawatan saluran akar. Jenis penelitian ialah deskriptif dengan desain potong lintang. Teknik pengambilan sampel yaitu purposive sampling. Sampel penelitian ini yaitu masyarakat di Desa Tateli Weru, Kecamatan Mandolang, Kabupaten Minahasa, Provinsi Sulawesi Utara sebesar 93 orang. Data dikumpulkan dengan instrumen penelitian kuesioner. Hasil peneliti…
creator: Kintana E. Mumpel
creator: Dinar A. Wicaksono
creator: Wulan G. Parengkuan
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Kintana E. Mumpel, Dinar A. Wicaksono, Wulan G. Parengkuan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-06-30
publication date: 2025-06-30
volume: 14
number: 1
starting page: 51
ending page: 56
doi: 10.35790/eg.v14i1.62039

Pengaruh Penggunaan Aplikasi Quizztooth Games Terhadap Tingkat Pengetahuan Kesehatan Gigi dan Mulut Kader Dokter Kecil
type: item
description: Abstract: Oral health is an important aspect in maintaining individual well-being, especially in school-age children. The application of QuizzTooth game can be used to improve the oral and dental health knowledge of little doctor cadres. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of Quizztooth Game application on the knowledge about dental and oral health among little doctor cadres. This was a quasi-experimental study with a pre-post test design. Respondents were 50 students of SD Negeri Tamamaung I Makassar, aged 9-11 years. The results showed that before intervention of the application, only 50% of respondents had high level of knowledge about dental and oral health, 44% of students had moderate level, and 6% of students had poor level. After intervention, all respondents had high level of knowledge, with the mean value of knowledge increased from 13.360 to 19.640 (p=0.000). In conclusion, intervention of QuizzTooth game application has a significant effect on improving the knowledge of little doctor cadres about dental and oral health. Keywords: QuizzTooth game; dental and oral health; little doctor cadre Abstrak: Kesehatan gigi dan mulut merupakan aspek penting dalam menjaga kesejahteraan individu, terutama anak usia sekolah. Aplikasi QuizzTooth game dapat digunakan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan kesehatan gigi dan mulut kader dokter kecil. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan aplikasi Quizztooth game terhadap pengetahuan kesehatan gigi dan mulut kader dokter kecil. Jenis penelitian ialah quasi experimental dengan pre-post test design. Responden penelitianSD Negeri Tamamaung I Makassar, berusia 9-11 tahun. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan bahwa sebelum intervensi aplikasi, hanya 50% responden yang memiliki tingkat pengetahuan tinggi, sementara 44% berada pada kategori sedang dan 6% rendah. Sesudah intervensi, seluruh responden mencapai tingkat pengetahuan tinggi (100%), dengan peningkatan nilai rerata pengetahuan dari 13,360 menjadi 19,…
creator: Sari Aldilawati
creator: Nur Asmah
creator: Muhammad F. Wijaya
creator: Andi T. Biba
creator: Sy. Sri Muthmainnah
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Sari Aldilawati, Nur Asmah, Muhammad F. Wijaya, Andi T. Biba, Sy. Sri Muthmainnah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-06-30
publication date: 2025-06-30
volume: 14
number: 1
starting page: 57
ending page: 61
doi: 10.35790/eg.v14i1.61529

Prevalensi Maloklusi Anterior pada Anak Usia 8-12 tahun di SDN Renged 1 Tangerang
type: item
description: Abstract: Epidemiologic data on the prevalence of malocclusion is an important determinant in planning appropriate orthodontic services. This study aimed to describe the prevalence of anterior dental malocclusion which were crowding, spacing, protrusion teeth, crossbite, deep bite, and openbite among children. The study involved 106 students aged 8-12 years at Sekolah Dasar Negeri Renged I Tangerang (Elementary School) taken by stratified random sampling technique. Crowding teeth was measured by malalignment score using 45o ended plastic ruler, while crossbite and openbite were examined by inspection. The results showed that only 6.6% had normal occlusion and 93.4% had anterior dental malocclusion. Most cases were crowding (25.65%), followed by spacing, protrusion teeth, deep bite, anterior open bite, and anterior cross bites of 151 total cases. Statistical test showed significant relationships between age and crowding, spacing teeth, and cross bites. Meanwhile, there were no relationships between age and protrusion teeth, deep bite, and open bite. There was no significant relationship between gender and all types of anterior malocclusions. In conclusion, there is a high prevalence of anterior malocclusion among 8-12 years old children in Elementary School Renged I Tangerang. Keywords: anterior malocclusion prevalence; children aged 8-12 years Abstrak: Data epidemiologi mengenai prevalensi maloklusi anterior merupakan faktor penting dalam perencanaan yang tepat untuk layanan ortodontik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prevalensi berbagai kasus maloklusi anterior meliputi gigi berjejal, bercelah, gigi protrusif, gigitan silang, gigitan dalam dan terbuka pada anak. Subyek penelitian melibatkan 106 anak sekolah usia 8-12 tahun di Sekolah Dasar Negeri Renged I Tangerang. Pengukuran gigi berjejal dilakukan dengan skor indeks malalignment menggunakan penggaris plastik berujung 45o, sedangkan pengukuran gigi bercelah dilakukan dengan jangka berujung runcing, sert…
creator: Moch G. Firdaus
creator: Fazwishni Siregar
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Moch G. Firdaus, Fazwishni Siregar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-07-22
publication date: 2025-07-22
volume: 14
number: 1
starting page: 62
ending page: 69
doi: 10.35790/eg.v14i1.59139

Uji Daya Hambat Esktrak Daun Ketapang (Terminalia catappa L.) terhadap Pertumbuhan Streptococcus mutans pada Plat Gigi Tiruan Lepasan Akrilik
type: item
description: Abstract: Streptococcus mutans is one of the bacteria that can form plaque, causing denture stomatitis in denture users. Inflammation occurs due to poor hygiene of oral cavity and denture that bacteria can colonize. Cleaning with chemical methods is by soaking the denture in a denture cleanser. Ketapang leaves can inhibit bacterial growth because they contain flavonoids, saponins, and tannins. This study aimed to determine the inhibition of ketapang leaf extract with various concentrations against the growth of Streptococcus mutans. This was an experimental laboratory study using modified Kirby-Bauer method with post-test only control group design. A total of six wells were placed in each Petri dish; each filled with ketapang leaf extract concentrations of 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, positive control (denture cleanser), and negative control (distilled water). The normality test of Shapiro-wilk showed a significance of p>0.05, meaning that the data were normally distributed. The one-way anova test showed a significance of p <0.05, meaning that there were differences in the average diameter of the inhibition zones. In conclusion, ketapang leaf extract (Terminalia catappa L.) at concentrations of 70%, 80%, 90% and 100% can inhibit the growth of Streptococcus mutans bacteria. Ketapang leaf extract at a concentration of 100% has the largest inhibition zone diameter, while 70% concentration has the smallest inhibition zone diameter. Keywords: ketapang leaf (Terminalia catappa L.); Streptococcus mutans; dentures Abstrak: Streptococcus mutans merupakan salah satu bakteri yang dapat membentuk plak sehingga menyebabkan denture stomatitis pada pengguna gigi tiruan. Inflamasi terjadi akibat kebersihan rongga mulut dan gigi tiruan yang tidak terjaga sehingga bakteri dapat berkolonisasi. Pembersihan dengan metode kimiawi dilakukan dengan merendam gigi tiruan dalam larutan pembersih. Daun ketapang dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri karena mengandung senyawa flavonoid, saponin, dan tani…
creator: Tiffany E. Tuegeh
creator: Ni Wayan Mariati
creator: Dinar A. Wicaksono
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Tiffany E. Tuegeh, Ni Wayan Mariati, Dinar A. Wicaksono https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-07-22
publication date: 2025-07-22
volume: 14
number: 1
starting page: 70
ending page: 75
doi: 10.35790/eg.v14i1.62516

Hubungan antara Perilaku Menyikat Gigi dengan Indeks Kalkulus pada Masyarakat Pesisir
type: item
description: Abstract: For most people in coastal areas, education is still not considered a very important family need. One dental health issue is calculus, which is a buildup of plaque and various calcified molecules that adhere to the surface of the teeth, making them rough and feel thick. To address this, good and proper tooth brushing behavior is needed, done diligently, carefully, and regularly. This study aimed to determine the relationship between tooth brushing behavior and calculus index in the coastal community of Desa Poopoh, Kabupaten Minahasa. This was an observational and analytical study with a cross-sectional design. The instruments used for tooth brushing behavior was questionnaire and for examination of the calculus index was dental examination sheet. The results obtained 123 respondents by using a purposive sampling technique. As many as 64 respondents (52.0%) had poor tooth brushing behavior, and 59 respondents (48.0%) had good tooth brushing behavior. The most dominant calculus index examination was in the moderate category of 81 respondents (65.8%). The Spearman rank correlation test for the relationship between tooth brushing behavior and the calculus index obtained a p-value of 0.01 (p≤0.05). In conclusion, there is a significant relationship between tooth brushing behavior and calculus index among the coastal community of Desa Poopoh, Kabupaten Minahasa. Keywords: tooth brushing behavior; calculus index; coastal community Abstrak: Bagi sebagian besar masyarakat di wilayah pesisir pendidikan masih merupakan kebutuhan keluarga yang tidak terlalu penting. Salah satu masalah kesehatan gigi yaitu kalkulus yang merupakan kumpulan plak dan berbagai molekul yang terkalsifikasi dan menempel pada permukaan gigi, sehingga gigi menjadi kasar dan terasa tebal. Untuk mengatasinya, diperlukan perilaku menyikat gigi yang baik dan benar secara tekun, teliti, dan teratur. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara perilaku menyikat gigi dengan indeks kalku…
creator: Fitria D. Roboth
creator: Christy N. Mintjelungan
creator: Juliatri Juliatri
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Fitria D. Roboth, Christy N. Mintjelungan, Juliatri Juliatri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-07-22
publication date: 2025-07-22
volume: 14
number: 1
starting page: 76
ending page: 81
doi: 10.35790/eg.v14i1.62646

Dental Tourism: Understanding Foreign Patients’ Decisions to Undergo Aligner Treatment in Indonesia
type: item
description: Abstract: Dental tourism is an expanding sector of medical tourism, where patients travel internationally for dental care that is either more affordable or offers higher quality than in their home countries. This study aimed to investigate the push and pull factors that influence foreign patients' decisions to seek dental treatments in Indonesia, particularly Bali, as a prime dental tourism destination. Dental tourism encompasses not only general dental care such as cleaning, fillings, and check-ups but also specialized treatments, including cosmetic dentistry (e.g., veneers, teeth whitening), dental implants, full-mouth rehabilitation, and orthodontic procedures, often involving advanced diagnostic tools and equipment such as digital imaging, CAD/CAM technology, and laser dentistry. Push factors include dissatisfaction with local dental services, high treatment costs, and long wait times in patients' home countries. In contrast, pull factors include Indonesia’s affordable pricing, advanced dental technologies, high-quality care, and the opportunity to combine dental treatment with a vacation experience. The study adopted a systematic literature review (SLR) approach, synthesizing findings from various sources to explore the potential of Indonesia as a leading destination for dental tourism. Interviews with foreign patients revealed high levels of satisfaction, with many appreciating the convenience of receiving both general and specialized dental care while also enjoying their holiday. In conclusion, dental tourism in Indonesia presents a significant opportunity for growth, particularly in destinations like Bali that combine quality dental care with rich cultural experiences. Moreover, the research emphasizes the importance of targeted marketing, regulatory improvements, and investments in advanced technologies to enhance Indonesia’s competitiveness in the global dental tourism market. By addressing these factors, Indonesia can position itself as an attractive and …
creator: Ni Luh Gede A. A. Prastiwi
creator: Eddy S. Gorda
creator: I Nengah Wirsa
creator: Ni Nyoman S. Wisudawati
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Ni Luh Gede A. A. Prastiwi, Eddy S. Gorda, I Nengah Wirsa, Ni Nyoman S. Wisudawati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-07-22
publication date: 2025-07-22
volume: 14
number: 1
starting page: 82
ending page: 90
doi: 10.35790/eg.v14i1.62020

Pengaruh Tekanan Sandblasting Al2O3 pada Metode Sandblasting dan Acid Etching terhadap Kekasaran Permukaan Titanium Alloy
type: item
description: Abstract: Dental implants are a popular solution for missing teeth, relying on osseointegration for success. Surface roughness plays a crucial role in this process and can be enhanced through methods like sandblasting and acid etching. This was a laboratory and experimental study with pre-test and post-test group design to evaluate the effects of these treatments on titanium plates. Five groups (n=5) were treated with either 98% H2SO4 etching alone or a combination of Al2O3 sandblasting at pressures of 500 to 800 kPa followed by 98% H2SO4 etching. Surface roughness was measured using a surface roughness tester and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results showed that sandblasting before acid etching produced greater roughness than acid etching alone. The highest roughness was observed at 500 kPa sandblasting. The 600 kPa group showed a lower increase, while the 700 kPa group had an increase, and the 800 kPa group showed a decrease. ANOVA results indicated no significant differences in post-test values (p=0.602) or in the change from pre-test to post-test (p=0.671). In conclusion, the optimal roughness was achieved in the 500 kPa Al2O3 sandblasting followed by 98% H2SO4 etching group, suggesting its potential for improving implant osseointegration. Keywords: aluminium oxide; sulfuric acid etching; surface roughness; sandblasting; titanium alloy Abstrak: Implan gigi merupakan pilihan perawatan yang sering dipilih untuk menggantikan gigi hilang, yang dapat berhasil dengan terbentuknya osseointegrasi. Metode sandblasting dan acid etching diketahui dapat meningkatkan kekasaran implan gigi yang dapat meningkatkan proses osseointegrasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimental laboratorium dengan desain pre-test dan post-test. Sampel plat titanium dibagi menjadi lima kelompok (n=5), dengan perlakuan acid etching menggunakan asam sulfat (H2SO4) 98%, serta kombinasi sandblasting aluminium oksida (Al2O3) dan acid etching H2SO4 98% pada tekanan sandblasting 500 kPa, 6…
creator: Albert Albert
creator: Christian A. Prawira
creator: Fergy C. Maitimu
creator: Lia H. Andayani
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Albert Albert, Christian A. Prawira, Fergy C. Maitimu, Lia H. Andayani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-08-07
publication date: 2025-08-07
volume: 14
number: 1
starting page: 91
ending page: 100
doi: 10.35790/eg.v14i1.60672

Efektivitas Perendaman Elemen Gigi Tiruan akibat Diskolorasi Teh Hitam dalam Larutan Arang Aktif Tempurung Kelapa
type: item
description: Abstract: Discoloration of denture elements can interfere with aesthetics and reduce self-confidence in denture users. Denture whitening materials in the market are generally derived from chemicals. Therefore, the usage of natural materials as teeth whiteners inter alia coconut shell activated charcoal are safer due to the minimal side effects. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of immersion of discolored denture elements due to black tea in coconut shell activated charcoal solution. This was an experimental and laboratory study with a pretest-posttest group design. Samples were 24 maxillary central incisor dentures with different soaking times, namely 2 hours, 4 hours, 6 hours, and 8 hours. Tooth color changes were measured with the visual method using the shade guide Vitapan. The One-way ANOVA test showed a p-value of <0.05 indicating that there was a difference in value between the treatment groups before and after soaking. There was a change in tooth color in each treatment group. The largest color change occurred in group 4, followed by group 3, group 2, and the smallest color change was in group 1. In conclusion, coconut shell activated charcoal solution is effective against discolored denture due to black tea. The largest color change occurred in immersion for 8 hours. Keywords: tooth discoloration; denture whitening; activated charcoal Abstrak: Perubahan warna pada elemen gigi tiruan dapat mengganggu estetika dan menurunkan rasa percaya diri pada pengguna gigi tiruan. Bahan pemutih gigi tiruan yang beredar di pasaran umumnya berasal dari bahan kimia. Penggunaan bahan alam lebih aman sebagai pemutih gigi untuk meminimalisir efek samping; salah satu alternatif ialah arang aktif tempurung kelapa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas perendaman elemen gigi tiruan akibat diskolorasi teh hitam dalam larutan arang aktif tempurung kelapa. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan yaitu eksperimantal laboratorik dengan metode pretest-posttest grou…
creator: Angella T. S. Sumakul
creator: Ni Wayan Mariati
creator: Rizka Wahyuni
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Angella T. S. Sumakul, Ni Wayan Mariati, Rizka Wahyuni https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-08-07
publication date: 2025-08-07
volume: 14
number: 1
starting page: 101
ending page: 105
doi: 10.35790/eg.v14i1.62647

Gambaran Erupsi Molar Satu Permanen Mandibula dan Status Gizi Anak Usia 6 Tahun
type: item
description: Abstract: Tooth eruption is an important process in child's growth. Good nutritional status plays a crucial role in the growth process of children, including the growth of teeth and bones. This study aimed to describe the eruption of the permanent mandibular first molar and the nutritional status of 6-year-old children at Desa Poopoh. This was a descriptive study with a cross-sectional design. Samples were taken using a total sampling technique with inclusion criteria for all 6-year-old children at Poopoh Village, totaling 32 children. This study assessed the eruption of the permanent mandibular first molar and examined their nutritional status by measuring their weight and height. The results showed that 78.12% of the children had erupted permanent mandibular first molars. The nutritional status based on height-for-age (HAZ) showed 25.0% of stunted and 75.0% of normal categories. The nutritional status based on BMI-for-age (BAZ) showed 12.5% underweight, 71.8% normal, 9.38% overweight, and 6.25% obese. In conclusion, the majority of 6-year-old children at Desa Poopoh have erupted permanent mandibular first molars, and normal H/A and BMI/A nutritional status. Keywords: tooth eruption; permanent mandibular first molar; nutritional status Abstrak: Erupsi gigi menjadi salah satu proses penting dalam pertumbuhan anak. Status gizi yang baik berperan penting dalam proses pertumbuhan anak, termasuk pertumbuhan gigi dan tulang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran erupsi molar satu permanen mandibula dan status gizi anak usia 6 tahun di Desa Poopoh. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif menggunakan desain potong lintang. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik total sampling dengan kriteria inklusi terhadap seluruh anak usia 6 tahun di Desa Poopoh yang berjumlah 32 anak. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan penilaian erupsi gigi molar satu permanen mandibula pada rongga mulut anak dan pemeriksaan status gizi anak mulai dari pengukuran berat badan dan tin…
creator: Tamariska Kapugu
creator: Johanna A. Khoman
creator: Shirley E. S. Kawengian
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Tamariska Kapugu, Johanna A. Khoman, Shirley E. S. Kawengian https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-08-08
publication date: 2025-08-08
volume: 14
number: 1
starting page: 106
ending page: 111
doi: 10.35790/eg.v14i1.62648

Relationship between Parent’s Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Oral Health Maintenance with Oral Hygiene of 7 to 9-year-old Students
type: item
description: Abstract: Childhood is the beginning of behavior formation; therefore, it is expected that parents can educate their children to behave properly to maintain oral health. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between knowledge. attitude, and parental practice with the oral hygiene of children of 7-8 years. This was an analytical study with a cross-sectional design. Sampling was carried out using simple random sampling technique on parents and students aged 7-8 years at SD Banjarsari Bandung (elementary school). The study was conducted by using OHI-S examinations to students and giving questionnaires to their parents. The relationship between knowledge, attitude, and practice of parent’s oral health maintenance with oral hygiene of the students was analyzed using the Spearman rank correlation analysis. The results showed that the correlation value between parental knowledge and student oral hygiene was 0.918 (>0.05), meanwhile the correlation value between parental attitude and student oral hygiene was 0.379 (>0.05), and the correlation value between parental practice and student oral hygiene was 0.419 (>0.05). All of the correlation values showed no significant relationships. In conclusion, there is no relationship between parent’s knowledge, attitude, and practice of oral health maintenance with oral hygiene of students aged 7-8 years. Keywords: parents; oral hygiene; students of elementary school
creator: Rizki A. Trihapyanti
creator: Asty Samiaty
creator: Riana Wardani
creator: Ernawaty Ernawaty
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Rizki A. Trihapyanti, Asty Samiaty, Riana Wardani, Ernawaty Ernawaty https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-08-20
publication date: 2025-08-20
volume: 14
number: 1
starting page: 112
ending page: 118
doi: 10.35790/eg.v14i1.62591

Uji Daya Hambat Ekstrak Daun Mangrove (Bruguiera gymnorrhiza) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Porphyromonas Gingivalis
type: item
description: Abstract: Porphyromonas gingivalis is the main microorganism that triggers periodontitis disease. Mangrove plants contain active compounds which have potential as natural antibacterial agents without side effects; therefore, it can be used as basic ingredients for herbal medicines. This study aimed to determine the inhibitory activity of mangrove leaf extract on the growth of Porphyromonas gingivalis. This was a true experimental laboratory study with a post-test control group design. The test method was disc diffusion to observe the response to bacterial growth. Samples were divided into four groups, each was given extract with concentrations of 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%, positive control (chlorhexidine gluconate 0.2%), and negative control (aquadest). The results showed that the mean inhibition zone of 25% concentration was 10.7 mm (medium category), of 50% concentration was 12.6 mm (strong category), of 75% concentration was 13.3 mm (strong category), at 100% concentration was 14.4 mm (strong category), and of the positive control was 12.7 mm (strong category). Meanwhile the negative control had no inhibitory activity. The one-way ANOVA test showed a p-value of <0.05, indicating there were differences between each treatment. In conclusion, Bruguierra gymnorrhiza mangrove leaf extract has inhibitory activity against the growth of Porphyromonas gingivalis bacteria. Keywords: Bruguiera gymnorrhiza; Porphyromonas gingivalis bacteria; mangrove leaves Abstrak: Bakteri Porphyromonas gingivalis merupakan mikroorganisme utama yang memicu penyakit periodontitis. Tumbuhan mangrove dikenal mengandung senyawa-senyawa aktif yang memiliki potensi sebagai agen antibakteri alami tanpa efek samping sehingga dapat dijadikan sebagai bahan dasar untuk obat herbal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji daya hambat ekstrak daun mangrove terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri Porphyromonas gingivalis. Jenis penelitian ialah eksperimental laboratorium dengan post test only control group design. Metode …
creator: Magrini S. Tumbelaka
creator: Damajanty H. C. Pangemanan
creator: Christy N. Mintjelungan
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Magrini S. Tumbelaka, Damajanty H. C. Pangemanan, Christy N. Mintjelungan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-08-24
publication date: 2025-08-24
volume: 14
number: 1
starting page: 119
ending page: 124
doi: 10.35790/eg.v14i1.62664

Antibacterial Effectivity of Javanese Turmeric (Curcuma zanthorrhiza) Compared to Red Ginger (Zingiber officinale var. rubrum) Extracts against Enterococcus faecalis
type: item
description: Abstract: Enterococcus faecalis contributes to a number of dental infections, including root canal infections, periodontitis, and peri-implantitis and shows antibiotic resistance. Javanese turmeric (Curcuma zanthorrhiza) and red ginger (Zingiber officinale var. rubrum), rich in antibacterial compounds, offer potential alternatives. This study explores their effectiveness at two concentrations against E. faecalis. This experimental study analyzed the phytochemical compounds qualitatively, which play an important role as antibacterial against Enterococcus faecalis. Afterwards, both extracts at 50% and 75% concentrations were prepared, tested on bacterial cultures, and compared to a 2.5% NaOCl solution. Inhibition zones were measured, and data were analyzed statistically to compare the effectivity of each extract group. The results showed that Javanese turmeric extract (JTE) (50% and 75%) had higher effectiveness, averaging 12.20±0.23 and 14.44±0.39, respectively. Red ginger extract (RGE) (50% and 75%) inhibited Enterococcus faecalis with a lower inhibition zone of 10.76±0.38 and 13.64±0.55. The 2.5% NaOCl control group had an inhibition zone of 13.38±0.79. When using the ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey statistical analysis, JTE 50% and RGE 50% showed the most significant differences compared to other groups (p<0.05). The inhibition power increased in higher concentration groups. In conclusion, Javanese turmeric extract and red ginger extract 75% are the most significant inhibitors of Enterococcus faecalis. The control group does not has significant differences with RGE 75% treatment groups, suggesting similar effectivity to the control. Keywords: Curcuma zanthorrhiza; Zingiber officinale var rubrum; Enterococcus faecalis; antibacterial effect
creator: Martono Martono
creator: Vincent Pang
creator: Florenly Florenly
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Martono, Vincent Pang, Florenly Florenly https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-08-24
publication date: 2025-08-24
volume: 14
number: 1
starting page: 125
ending page: 131
doi: 10.35790/eg.v14i1.61313

Identifikasi Bakteri pada Permukaan Kerja sebelum Tindakan Ekstraksi Gigi
type: item
description: Abstract: A hospital is a building where sick people are treated or where healthcare services are provided, but hospitals can also become sources of various diseases, known as nosocomial infections or Healthcare Associated Infections (HAIs). Work surfaces on dental units can become vectors for the transfer of microorganisms during various procedures or treatments performed by dentists, such as tooth extraction. This study aimed to identify bacteria on work surfaces before tooth extraction procedures at RSGM Universitas Sam Ratulangi (Unsrat). This was a descriptive and analytical study with a cross-sectional design. Samples were taken using purposive sampling techniques according to inclusion criteria on three types of work surfaces: headrests, light handles, and control panels of work surfaces on four dental units used for tooth extraction procedures. Based on swab examination results, three types of bacteria were identified on work surfaces before tooth extraction procedures: Streptococcus sp. (66.7%), Staphylococcus sp. (25%), and Klebsiella sp. (8,3%). In conclusion, bacteria predominated by Streptococcus sp. were identified on dental unit work surfaces before tooth extraction procedures. Keywords: healthcare associated infections; bacteria; dental unit Abstrak: Rumah sakit dapat menjadi sumber berbagai penyakit, yang dikenal sebagai penyakit infeksi nosokomial atau healthcare associated infections (HAIs). Permukaan kerja pada dental unit menjadi salah satu perantara perpindahan mikroorganisme saat dilakukan berbagai prosedur perawatan atau tindakan oleh dokter gigi; salah satunya ialah saat melakukan tindakan ekstraksi gigi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi bakteri pada permukaan kerja sebelum tindakan ekstraksi gigi di RSGM Universitas Sam Ratulangi. Jenis penelitian ialah analisis deskriptif dengan desain potong lintang. Sampel penelitian diambil berdasarkan teknik purposive sampling sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi pada tiga jenis permukaan kerj…
creator: Polina B. J. Tulenan
creator: Ni Wayan Mariati
creator: Vonny N. S. Wowor
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Polina B. J. Tulenan, Ni Wayan Mariati, Vonny N. S. Wowor https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-08-24
publication date: 2025-08-24
volume: 14
number: 1
starting page: 132
ending page: 139
doi: 10.35790/eg.v14i1.62670

Hubungan antara Konsumsi Minuman Captikus dan Kejadian Karies Gigi pada Masyarakat Nelayan
type: item
description: Abstract: Dental caries is a multifactorial oral disease. Microorganisms, host, food, and time are the four main factors causing dental caries. The microorganisms present in the oral cavity can increase due to frequent alcohol consumption. Continuous alcohol consumption over a long period can cause the oral cavity to become xerostomia, thereby reducing the self-cleansing capacity in the oral cavity and buffering capacity of saliva, leading to uncontrolled plaque and bacteria. Thus, lowering the pH of the oral cavity. The uncontrolled bacteria convert sugar into acid, which subsequently causes the infectious dental caries. This study aimed to determine the relationship between the consumption of Captikus drink and the occcurence of dental caries among fishermen at Desa Tateli Weru. This was an observational and analytical study with a cross-sectional design. Data were analyzed using the chi-square correlation test. The results showed that the highest percentages were found in respondents of 46-55 years old (33.3%), Captikus consumption for more than 5 years (85%), and low category of Captikus consumption (45%). The chi-square obtained a p-value of 0.968 for the relationship between Captikus consumption and the occurrence of dental caries. In conclusion, there is no relationship between the consumption of Captikus drink and the occurrence of dental caries among fishermen at Desa Tateli Weru. Keywords: Captikus drink; dental caries; fishermen Abstrak: Karies gigi merupakan penyakit gigi dan mulut dengan penyebab multifaktorial. Mikroorganisme, host, makanan, dan waktu merupakan empat faktor utama penyebab terjadinya karies gigi. Mikroorganisme dalam rongga mulut dapat meningkat pada konsumsi alkohol yang sering. Selain itu, mengonsumsi alkohol secara terus menerus dalam kurun waktu lama dapat menyebabkan xerostomia yang berakibat turunnya self-cleansing dalam rongga mulut dan kapasitas buffer saliva sehingga plak dan bakteri menjadi tidak terkontrol dan pH rongga mulut…
creator: Hilkia A. A. Piri
creator: Christy N. Mintjelungan
creator: Vonny N. S. Wowor
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Hilkia A. A. Piri, Christy N. Mintjelungan, Vonny N. S. Wowor https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-09-12
publication date: 2025-09-12
volume: 14
number: 1
starting page: 140
ending page: 145
doi: 10.35790/eg.v14i1.63573

Hubungan antara Pola Konsumsi Ikan Laut dengan Kejadian Karies Gigi pada Remaja
type: item
description: Abstract: Globally, the prevalence of caries in adolescence shows a fairly high rate, as well as in Indonesia. Dental caries can progressively damage hard tooth tissue in all age groups, including adolescents. One of the efforts to prevent dental caries that can be done is to ensure adequate fluorine intake during the period of tooth growth and development. Fluorine intake through food can be obtained through marine fish. This study aimed to determine the relationship between marine fish consumption pattern and the incidence of caries in adolescents aged 13-15 years at Desa Tateli Weru. This was an analytical and observational study with a cross-sectional design. Subjects were 101 adolescents aged 13-15 years at Desa Tateli Weru selected by purposive sampling technique. Data were obtained from the frequency of marine fish consumption and examination of dental caries incidence using ICDAS. The results showed that 75% of adolescents had a frequent consumption pattern of eating seafood and did not have dental caries. Statistical analysis using the chi-square correlation test showed that the consumption pattern of marine fish had a significant correlation with dental caries (p=0.004). In conclusion, there is a significant relationship between marine fish consumption patterns and the incidence of dental caries in adolescents at Desa Tateli Weru. Keywords: marine fish consumption pattern; fluorine; dental caries; adolescents Abstrak: Secara global prevalensi karies pada usia remaja menunjukkan angka yang cukup tinggi, termasuk di Indonesia. Karies gigi dapat merusak jaringan keras gigi secara progresif pada semua kelompok usia, termasuk remaja. Salah satu upaya pencegahan karies gigi yang dapat dilakukan ialah memastikan ketercukupan asupan fluor pada periode pertumbuhan dan perkembangan gigi. Asupan fluor lewat makanan antara lain dapat diperoleh melalui ikan laut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara pola konsumsi ikan laut dengan kejadian karies pa…
creator: Laurina M. Q. Panda
creator: Vonny N. S. Wowor
creator: Christy N. Mintjelungan
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Laurina M. Q. Panda, Vonny N. S. Wowor, Christy N. Mintjelungan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-09-12
publication date: 2025-09-12
volume: 14
number: 1
starting page: 146
ending page: 152
doi: 10.35790/eg.v14i1.63574

Perbedaan Tingkat Akurasi Perhitungan Space Mantainer dengan Metode Radiografi dan Model Gigi pada Pasien Anak Usia 7-10 Tahun
type: item
description: Abstract: Space caused by the early loss of primary teeth needs to be analyzed through clinical and radiographic examinations until the eruption phase of permanent teeth. Proper analysis can ensure that permanent teeth have enough space to grow properly, reducing the risk of malocclusion and other dental problems. Space maintainer devices can be used to maintain the available space, thus supporting healthy and regular tooth growth. This study aimed to determine the difference in the level of accuracy of space maintainer calculations using radiographic methods and tooth models in children at RSGM IIK Bhakti Wiyata. This was an analytical survey study with a saturated sampling design. Samples consisted of 10 pediatric patients aged 7-10 years. Data were obtained using a comparison of the results of tooth model calculations and panoramic radiography. The discrepancy calculation on the tooth model and panoramic radiography obtained different results, with an average difference of 1 to 1.2 cm. The average of the sums for the two data groups was -5.4 mm for the tooth model, and 5.3 cm for the panoramic radiography. The independent t-test showed a p-value of 0.140 (p>0.05). In conclusion, there is no significant difference in the results of space maintainer calculations using tooth models and panoramic radiographs in pediatric patients aged 7-10 years at RSGM IIK Bhakti Wiyata. Keywords: space maintainer; dental model; panoramic radiograph; Moyers method; Huckaba method Abstrak: Ruang akibat tanggalnya gigi sulung secara dini perlu dianalisis melalui pemeriksaan klinis dan radiografi sampai fase erupsi gigi permanen. Analisis yang tepat dapat memastikan gigi permanen memiliki cukup ruang untuk tumbuh dengan benar, mengurangi risiko maloklusi dan masalah gigi lainnya. Space maintainer dapat digunakan untuk mempertahankan ruang yang tersedia, sehingga mendukung pertumbuhan gigi yang sehat dan teratur. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan tingkat akurasi hasil …
creator: Richa R. A. Tias
creator: Annisa Putri
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Richa R. A. Tias, Annisa Putri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-09-16
publication date: 2025-09-16
volume: 14
number: 1
starting page: 153
ending page: 156
doi: 10.35790/eg.v14i1.62218

Analisis Ekspresi MMP-9 dan Hitung Fibroblas sebagai Marker Penyembuhan Ulkus Traumatikus dengan St. John’s Wort (Hypericum perforatum) Topikal pada Tikus Diabetes Melitus
type: item
description: Abstract: Diabetes mellitus impairs oral ulcer healing by reducing fibroblast proliferation and increasing MMP-9 expression. St. John’s Wort exhibits anti-inflammatory activity and supports tissue regeneration. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of topical St. John’s Wort on MMP-9 expression and fibroblast count in the oral mucosa of diabetic rats with traumatic ulcers. Fifteen Wistar rats induced with alloxan to establish diabetes were subjected to ulcer creation on the labial mucosa. Wistar rats were divided into three groups, namely traetment group (topical St. John’s Wort oil), positive control group (Aloclair gel), and negative control group. Tissue samples were collected on day-7 for histological (HE stain) and immunohistochemical (IHC) examination. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA with a significance level of p<0.05. The results demonstrated that topical St. John’s Wort significantly increased fibroblast count and reduced MMP-9 expression. In conclusion, topical St. John’s Wort has the potential to accelerate traumatic ulcer healing under diabetic conditions Keywords: St. John’s wort; traumatic ulcer; diabetes mellitus; fibroblast; matrix metalloproteinases–9 Abstrak: Diabetes melitus menghambat penyembuhan ulkus mulut melalui penurunan proliferasi fibroblas dan peningkatan MMP-9. St. John’s wort diketahui memiliki aktivitas antiinflamasi dan mendukung proses regenerasi jaringan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi efek St. John’s wort topikal terhadap ekspresi MMP-9 dan jumlah fibroblas pada mukosa mulut tikus diabetes dengan ulkus traumatik. Lima belas ekor tikus wistar diinduksi diabetes dengan alloxan, dibuat ulkus pada mukosa labial, dan selanjutnya dibagi menjadi tiga kelompok, yaitu kelompok perlakuan (St. John’s Wort oil topikal), kontrol positif (Aloclair gel), dan kontrol negatif (tidak diberikan apapun). Jaringan mukosa ulkus diambil pada hari ke-7 untuk pemeriksaan histologik (pulasan HE) dan imunohistokimia (IHC). Analisis data mengg…
creator: Dhiya' N. Putri
creator: Nilasary R. Suparno
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Dhiya' N. Putri, Nilasary R. Suparno https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-10-09
publication date: 2025-10-09
volume: 14
number: 1
starting page: 157
ending page: 164
doi: 10.35790/eg.v14i1.63070

Tingkat Kesadaran Pemeliharaan Kesehatan Rongga Mulut pada Anak Sekolah Dasar
type: item
description: Abstract: Dental and oral health in children is more vulnerable than in adults due to the progressive severity of disease in children. Awareness to maintain dental and oral health is needed as early as possible in children and their parents. This study aimed to evaluate the awareness toward dental and oral health maintenance in children aged 6 to 10 years at Madrasah Islam Muhammadiyah Wiragunan, Pucangan, and Gonilan at Kabupaten Sukohardjo by using questionnaire method. The results showed that as many as 54% of students received socialization of dental and oral health, the majority (71%) took care of their dental and oral health by brushing their teeth in the right time (after breakfast and before going to bed). The majority of children (82%) routinely visited the dentists once for several months to one year. Although the majority (97%) had dental caries, most children did not experience stomatitis or other oral lesions. In conclusion, the majority of elementary school children at Madrasah Islam Kabupaten Sukohardjo had dental caries, do like sweet food and drink, and do not obtain socialization about dental and oral health, however, they take care of their dental and oral health by brushing their teeth twice a day in the right time, using soft tooth brush, and visit the dentist once a year. Keywords: elementary school children; awareness of oral health; tooth brushing Abstrak: Kesehatan gigi dan mulut pada anak lebih rentan daripada orang dewasa dikarenakan progres keparahan pada anak berlangsung lebih cepat. Kesadaran untuk memelihara kesehatan gigi dan mulut perlu ditanamkan sedini mungkin baik pada anak maupun orang tua. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kesadaran akan pemeliharaan kesehatan gigi dan mulut pada anak usia 6 hingga 10 tahun pada Madrasah Islam Muhammadiyah Wiragunan, Pucangan, dan Gonilan di Kabupaten Sukohadjo dengan menggunakan metode penelitian secara kuesioner. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan bahwa tidak banyak anak (54%) yang mendapa…
creator: Cahyani Cahyani
creator: Shinta Marliana
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Cahyani Cahyani, Shinta Marliana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-10-12
publication date: 2025-10-12
volume: 14
number: 1
starting page: 165
ending page: 169
doi: 10.35790/eg.v14i1.62345

Hubungan antara Literasi Gizi dengan Perilaku Makan Mahasiswa Aktif Program Studi Pendidikan Dokter Gigi
type: item
description: Abstract: Individual eating behaviors significantly influence nutritional balance. Students are vulnerable to nutritional issues due to unhealthy eating habits. Academic stress and a busy lifestyle often lead them to neglect less nutritious foods, potentially resulting in health problems. This study aimed to determine the relationship between nutrition literacy and eating behavior among active dentistry students at the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sam Ratulangi. This was an observational and analytical study using primary data collected through a Google Form questionnaire. The Spearman statistical test for the relationship between nutrition literacy and eating behavior showed a significant relationship in the enjoyment of food subscale (p=0.029), meanwhile, there were no significant relationships between nutrition literacy and eating behavior in the hunger (p=0.162), emotional overeating (p=0.934), food responsiveness (p=0.451), slowness in eating (p=0.133), emotional undereating (p=0.346), satiety responsiveness (p=0.481), and food fussiness (p=0.142) subscales. In conclusion, there is a relationship between nutrition literacy and eating behavior on the enjoyment food subscale of the AEBQ. Meanwhile, non-significant relationships were observed on hunger, emotional over-eating, food responsiveness, slowness in eating, emotional under-eating, satiety responsiveness, and food fussiness subscales. Keywords: nutrition literacy; eating behavior; dentistry students Abstrak: Keseimbangan gizi sangat dipengaruhi oleh perilaku makan individu. Mahasiswa rentan terhadap masalah gizi akibat kebiasaan makan tidak sehat. Stres akademik dan gaya hidup yang padat seringkali membuat mereka memilih makanan praktis kurang bergizi, yang berpotensi menimbulkan gangguan kesehatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara literasi gizi dengan perilaku makan mahasiswa aktif Pendidikan Dokter Gigi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sam Ratulangi. Jenis penelitian ialah obs…
creator: Calysta Y. P. Saragih
creator: Nova H. Kapantow
creator: Shirley E. S. Kawengian
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Calysta Y. P. Saragih, Nova H. Kapantow, Shirley E. S. Kawengian https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-10-19
publication date: 2025-10-19
volume: 14
number: 1
starting page: 170
ending page: 176
doi: 10.35790/eg.v14i1.63896

Hubungan Durasi Penggunaan Mouthpiece SCUBA Diving dengan Gangguan Sendi Temoporomandibular pada Penyelam Ditpolairud Sulawesi Utara
type: item
description: Abstract: Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders are musculoskeletal problems with high prevalence, especially in Southeast Asia. The use of mouthpieces during SCUBA diving for long duration is at risk of causing oral trauma, local inflammation, and dysfunction of the TMJ and masticatory muscles. Studies have shown a correlation between repeated use of mouthpieces and post-dive jaw or neck pain, especially in military divers such as members of Direktorat Kepolisian Air dan Udara (Ditpolair) North Sulawesi who are often exposed to similar conditions. This was an observational study with a cross sectional design. Respondents were 30 members of Ditpolairud North Sulawesi who met the eligibility criteria. The chi-square test was used to calculate the correlation between duration and temporomandibular joint disorders. The results showed that the majority of respondents were 17-30 years (53.3%), the duration of diving obtained the same results (50%) in both time periods. Most subjects (63.3%) were found to have temporomandibular joint disorders. The chi-square obtained a p-value of 0.058. In conclusion, there is no relationship between the duration of use of SCUBA diving mouthpieces and temporomandibular joint disorders in divers of the North Sulawesi Ditpolairud. Keywords: mouthpiece SCUBA; temporomandibular joint disorder; divers Abstrak: Gangguan senditemporomandibular (TMJ) merupakan masalah muskuloskeletal dengan prevalensi tinggi, terutama di Asia Tenggara. Penggunaan mouthpiece saat SCUBA diving dalam durasi lama berisiko menyebabkan trauma mulut, inflamasi lokal, serta disfungsi TMJ dan otot mastikasi. Studi menunjukkan korelasi antara penggunaan berulang mouthpiece dan nyeri rahang atau leher pasca penyelaman, terutama pada penyelam militer yang sering terpapar kondisi serupa. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode observasional dengan desain potong-lintang. Responden ialah 30 anggota Direktorat Kepolisian Air dan Udara (Ditpolair) Sulawesi Utara yang memenuhi kriter…
creator: Renia Ratrianissa
creator: Ni Wayan Mariati
creator: Damajanty H. C. Pangemanan
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Renia Ratrianissa, Ni Wayan Mariati, Damajanty H. C. Pangemanan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-10-28
publication date: 2025-10-28
volume: 14
number: 1
starting page: 177
ending page: 182
doi: 10.35790/eg.v14i1.63898

Hubungan Aktivitas Merokok dan Laju Aliran Saliva pada Nelayan di Kelurahan Makawidey Kota Bitung
type: item
description: Abstract: Smoking has become a public health issue with the prevalence of active smokers increasing every year. Saliva is the first biological fluid to come into direct contact with the harmful components of cigarettes. This exposure contributes to changes in the structure and function of saliva, including a decrease in its flow rate, which plays an important role in the development of oral and dental diseases. Fishermen are recorded as the group with the highest percentage of daily active smokers compared to other occupational groups. This was an analytical and observational study with a cross-sectional design. Sampling was done using purposive sampling technique, and data were analyzed using the chi-square test. The study measured the number of cigarettes consumed per day using a questionnaire and assessed the salivary flow rate. The results obtained a total of 102 subjects who met the criteria. The highest percentages were obtained in subject age of 46-55 years (47.1%), moderate smokers (42.2%), and low salivary flow rate category (61.8%). Bivariate analysis using the chi-square test showed a p-value of 0.023 (<0.05) indicating a significant relationship. In conclusion, there is a significant relationship between smoking activity and salivary flow rate among fishermen in Makawidey Subdistrict Bitung City. Keywords: smoking activity; salivary flow rate; fishermen Abstrak: Merokok menjadi persoalan kesehatan publik dengan prevalensi perokok aktif yang semakin meningkat setiap tahunnya. Saliva merupakan cairan biologis pertama yang berkontak langsung dengan komponen berbahaya dari rokok. Paparan ini berkontribusi terhadap perubahan struktur dan fungsi saliva, termasuk penurunan laju alirannya yang memegang peranan penting dalam perkembangan penyakit gigi dan mulut. Nelayan tercatat sebagai kelompok dengan persentase perokok aktif harian tertinggi dibandingkan kelompok pekerjaan lainnya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode observasional analitik dengan desain potong li…
creator: Aurelia S. R. Supit
creator: Miracle A. J. Kalebos
creator: Rizka Wahyuni
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Aurelia S. R. Supit, Miracle A. J. Kalebos, Rizka Wahyuni https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-10-28
publication date: 2025-10-28
volume: 14
number: 1
starting page: 183
ending page: 189
doi: 10.35790/eg.v14i1.64126

Management of Herpes-Associated Erythema Multiforme in a Young Male: A Case Report
type: item
description: Abstract: Erythema multiforme (EM) is an acute mucocutaneous hypersensitivity reaction often triggered by infections or medications. The most common infectious cause is herpes simplex virus (HSV). Herpes-associated erythema multiforme (HAEM) typically presents with sudden, painful oral ulcers and hemorrhagic crusts on the lips. This case report highlights the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of a young adult with HAEM. A 20-year-old male presented with multiple painful oral ulcers and lip crusting following a febrile episode. Clinical examination revealed multiple, variably sized ulcers with erythematous borders and yellowish centers. A diagnosis of HAEM was established based on clinical findings and serological tests showing reactive HSV-1 IgG. The patient was hospitalized due to severe pain, dehydration, and inability to eat. Treatment included systemic acyclovir, intravenous fluids, analgesics, and supportive topical therapy with aloe vera extract mouthwash for intraoral lesions and hydrocortisone ointment for lip crusts. The ulcers and pain progressively improved, with complete recovery achieved by the third follow-up visit. This case emphasizes the importance of timely recognition and combined systemic–topical therapy in HAEM. Early antiviral intervention with supportive care can prevent complications, restore nutritional intake, accelerate healing, and improve quality of life. Keywords: herpes-associated erythema multiforme; herpes simplex virus infection; oral ulcer; acyclovir; supportive therapy
creator: Fatimah F. Basalamah
creator: Gremita K. Dewi
creator: Diah S. Ernawati
creator: Nisa'a T. Fatarnaha
creator: Desiana Radithia
creator: Nurina F. Ayuningtyas
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Fatimah F. Basalamah, Gremita K. Dewi, Diah S. Ernawati, Nisa'a T. Fatarnaha, Desiana Radithia, Nurina F. Ayuningtyas https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-11-05
publication date: 2025-11-05
volume: 14
number: 1
starting page: 190
ending page: 197
doi: 10.35790/eg.v14i1.64361

Diagnosis dan Manajemen Cheilitis Exfoliatif Kronis yang Diinduksi oleh Stres, Depresi, dan Kecemasan: Laporan Kasus
type: item
description: Abstract: Exfoliative cheilitis is a chronic inflammation of the superficial layer characterized by hyperkeratosis and desquamation of the vermilion of the lips. The causes of exfoliative cheilitis vary, inter alia stress disorders, bad habits such as licking and biting the lips, disorders of thyroid vitamin B12 deficiency, poor oral hygiene, oral candidiasis, and most often young women with a history of psychological disorders. We reported a 22-year-old woman came to the department of medicine with complaints of chapped, dry, and bleeding lips for six months which worsened when using lipstick. The patient admitted that she experienced stress due to college and denied any systemic diseases and comorbidities. Examination of the DASS-42 checklist, prescription of chlorine dioxide dental gel, and referral to a psychologist were carried out as the treatment plan. The treatment carried out for approximately one and a half months showed satisfactory results. In conclusion, this case report presents the importance of proper diagnosis, treatment planning, and education in patients with exfoliative cheilitis caused by stress, depression, and anxiety. Keywords: exfoliative cheilitis; stress; depresion; anxiety Abstrak: Chelitis eksfoliatif merupakan peradangan kronik pada lapisan superfisial yang dikarakteristikkan dengan adanya hiperkeratosis dan deskuamasi pada vermilion bibir. Penyebab dari chelitis exfoliatif bervariasi seperti adanya gangguan stress, kebiasaan buruk seperti menjilat dan mengigit bibir, gangguan tiroid, defisiensi vitamin B12, kebersihan mulut yang buruk, kandidiasis oral, dan yang paling sering yaitu wanita muda dengan riwayat gangguan psikologis. Seorang perempuan 22 tahun datang ke departemen penyakit mulut dengan keluhan bibir pecah-pecah, kering dan berdarah sejak 6 bulan yang lalu yang memburuk saat menggunakan lipstik. Pasien mengaku mengalami stress akibat perkuliahan dan menyangkal adanya penyakit sistemik dan komorbid. Pemeriksaan checklist DASS…
creator: David Octavian
creator: Yuliana Yuliana
creator: Johanna A. Khoman
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 David Octavian, Yuliana Yuliana, Johanna A. Khoman https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-11-16
publication date: 2025-11-16
volume: 14
number: 1
starting page: 198
ending page: 201
doi: 10.35790/eg.v14i1.64125

Dari Konsep Satu Jenis Patogen S. mutans ke Interaksi Mikrobioma - Perubahan Paradigma untuk Metode Pencegahan ECC yang Lebih Efektif
type: item
description: Abstract: Early childhood caries (ECC) remains a progressive and multifactorial oral health problem in children. For decades, Streptococcus mutans has been regarded as the primary pathogen due to its acidogenicity, aciduricity, and strong biofilm-forming ability. However, emerging evidence indicates that ECC is a polymicrobial disease influenced by complex interactions within the oral microbial community. Dental biofilm functions as a dynamic ecosystem where microorganisms interact, exchange metabolites, and adapt to environmental changes. Disruption of this ecological balance can shift the biofilm from a healthy to a dysbiotic and cariogenic state. Other species such as S. wiggsiae, utilizing the fructose-6-phosphate shunt pathway and S. sputigena, which forms “superstructure” biofilms with S. mutans have been shown to enhance ECC severity. Conversely, protective bacteria including Rothia spp., C. matruchotii, S. sanguinis, and S. oralis help maintain plaque pH and biofilm balance. Understanding the dynamic interplay between pathogenic and protective bacteria underscores the need for microbiome-based preventive strategies, such as probiotics, nitrate supplementation, and personalized risk assessment. This approach may provide a more effective and sustainable prevention method compared with conventional strategies. In conclusion, by understanding ECC as a polymicrobial disease that is influenced by the dynamic of pathogenic and protective bacteria, prevention strategies based on microbioma can be chosen as a more effective solution than the conventional strategies focusing solely on the elimination of S. mutans. Keywords: early childhood caries; oral microbiome; protective bacteria; biofilm. Abstrak: Early childhood caries (ECC) merupakan masalah kesehatan gigi anak yang progresif dan multifaktorial. Selama beberapa dekade, Streptococcus mutans dianggap sebagai patogen utama karena sifat asidogenik, asidurik, dan kemampuannya membentuk biofilm. Bukti terkini menunju…
creator: Paulina N. Gunawan
creator: Endang W. Bachtiar
creator: Mochamad F. Rizal
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Paulina N. Gunawan, Endang W. Bachtiar, Mochamad F. Rizal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-11-23
publication date: 2025-11-23
volume: 14
number: 1
starting page: 202
ending page: 208
doi: 10.35790/eg.v14i1.64023

Evaluasi Pendidikan Anatomi Berbasis Kadaver pada Mahasiswa Kedokteran Gigi
type: item
description: Abstract: In dentistry program, anatomy is important to understand in identifying the anatomical structures of the head and neck as a guide in treating dental patients. Cadaver-based learning method has been the gold standard of studying anatomy for a long time. However, due to the development of technology, learning methods have also evolved. Therefore, the effectiveness of cadaver-based learning methods has to being considered. This study aimed to assess the changes in the knowledge level of dental students using cadaver-based learning methods in anatomy education. This was an observational and analytical study with a cross-sectional design involving a total of 159 students who met the inclusion criteria. Knowledge scores were assessed before, on the same day after cadaver-based learning, and one month after cadaver-based learning. Data were analyzed using the Friedman test with post hoc Wilcoxon. The results showed that there was a significant difference in knowledge levels before and after cadaver-based learning (p<0.001). In the evaluation on the same day, 156 respondents experienced increased scores, while three respondents did not. In the evaluation one month after learning, all respondents showed increased knowledge scores. In conclusion, cadaver-based learning improves students’ knowledge in anatomy immediately after the intervention and in the short term. Keywords: knowledge level; cadaver-based learning; anatomy for dentistry; dental student; knowledge retention. Abstrak: Dalam program pendidikan dokter gigi, anatomi penting untuk dipahami dalam mengidentifikasi struktur anatomi kepala dan leher sebagai pedoman dalam perawatan gigi dan mulut pasien. Metode pembelajaran berbasis kadaver telah menjadi baku emas dalam pembelajaran anatomi untuk waktu yang lama. Seiring berkembangnya teknologi, metode pembelajaran juga mengalami perkembangan sehingga efektivitas dari satu metode pembelajaran berbasis kadaver menjadi pertimbangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan unut…
creator: Annisaa P. Ariyani
creator: Indrani Sulistyowati
creator: Steve Y. Andika
creator: Wita Anggraini
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Annisaa P. Ariyani, Indrani Sulistyowati, Steve Y. Andika, Wita Anggraini https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-11-26
publication date: 2025-11-26
volume: 14
number: 1
starting page: 209
ending page: 216
doi: 10.35790/eg.v14i1.54309

Perbedaan Tingkat Kecemasan Anak Usia 6-9 Tahun pada Perawatan Gigi Sebelum dan Setelah Menggunakan Distraksi dengan Virtual Reality
type: item
description: Abstract: Anxiety is a major problem that contributes to the lack of cooperation among children undergoing dental treatment, particularly those aged 6-9 years. Physiologically, anxiety can be assessed through blood pressure and pulse rate measurement, and it can be reduced through distraction techniques. Active distractions are considered more effective because they involve the subjects directly, such as audiovisual distractions using virtual reality (VR). This study aimed to investigate the differences in blood pressure and pulse rate in relation to anxiety before and after distraction activities using virtual reality during dental treatment in children aged 6-9 years. This was a quasi-experimental study with a one-group pre-test and post-test design. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon test. The results obtained 33 children as subjects. The means blood pressure during extraction and restoration treatments were 100/68 mmHg and 99/66 mmHg before distraction, and 94/67 mmHg and 93/65 mmHg after distraction, respectively. The means pulse rate before extraction and restoration were 104 BPM and 100 BPM, and after distraction, they decreased slightly to 98 BPM and 93 BPM. The Wilcoxon test showed significant differences in systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and pulse rate after distraction (p≤0.05). In conclusion, there was a significant difference (p<0.001) after the use of VR distraction towards anxiety during dental treatment in children aged 6-9 years. Keywords: children aged 6-9 years; anxiety; blood pressure; pulse; distraction; virtual reality Abstrak: Kecemasan merupakan penyebab kurangnya tingkat kooperatif anak ketika dilakukan perawatan di dokter gigi terutama pada anak usia 6-9 tahun. Secara fisiologis kecemasan dapat dinilai dari tekanan darah dan denyut nadi, yang dapat direduksi dengan menggunakan distraksi. Distraksi aktif dinilai lebih efektif karena melibatkan subjek secara langsung, contohnya distraksi audiovisual dengan virtual reali…
creator: Rezkha R. Riyanto
creator: Linda S. Sembiring
creator: Dian Lesmana
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Rezkha R. Riyanto, Linda S. Sembiring, Dian Lesmana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-12-03
publication date: 2025-12-03
volume: 14
number: 1
starting page: 217
ending page: 222
doi: 10.35790/eg.v14i1.64694

Efektivitas Antibakteri Nanokomposit AgNP Cymbopogon citratus dengan Penstabil Kitosan terhadap Streptococcus viridans
type: item
description: Abstract: Nanocomposite is a synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNP) with lemongrass leaves (Cymbopogon citratus) stabilized with chitosan. The combination of nanocomposites has synergy in inhibiting bacteria, one of which is Streptococcus viridans that causes abscesses in the oral cavity. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of nanocomposite chitosan AgCh with C. citratus in inhibiting the growth of S. viridans. This was an in vitro experimental laboratory study with a post-test group control design using disc diffusion for antibacterial test. Samples were divided into eight groups, with several concentrations 6.25 mg/mL, 12.5 mg/mL, 15 mg/mL, 25 mg/mL, and 50 mg/mL, positive control (clindamycin), and negative control (aquadest and acetic acid). Normality test showed a p-value of >0.05, which meant data were normally distributed. One-way ANOVA test showed a p-value <0.05, indicating there was a difference in each treatment. Therefore, further testing was carried out using the Tukey's post hoc. In conclusion, chitosan nanocomposite, AgCh, with C. citratus can inhibit the growth of S. viridans with the formation of the best inhibition zone at a concentration of 50 mg/mL, followed by concentrations (25, 12.5, 15, and 6.25) mg/mL. Keywords: nanocomposite; silver nanoparticles; Cymbopogon citratus; chitosan; Streptococcus viridans; abscess Abstrak: Nanokomposit ialah sintesis nanopartikel perak (AgNP) dengan daun serai dapur (Cymbopogon citratus) yang distabilkan dengan kitosan. Gabungan nanokomposit memiliki sinergitas dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri, salah satunya Streptococcus viridans yang menyebabkan abses dalam rongga mulut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas nanokomposit kitosan AgCh dengan C. citratus dalam menghambat pertumbuhan S. viridans. Jenis penelitian ialah eksperimental laboratorik in vitro dengan post test group control design. Pengujian antibakteri menggunakan metode difusi cakram. Sampel dibagi dalam delapan kelom…
creator: Johni Halim
creator: Aleceandra A. S. Siahaya
creator: Komariah Komariah
creator: Dewi Ranggaini
creator: Rezky Anggraeni
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Johni Halim, Aleceandra A. S. Siahaya, Komariah Komariah, Dewi Ranggaini, Rezky Anggraeni https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-12-12
publication date: 2025-12-12
volume: 14
number: 1
starting page: 223
ending page: 230
doi: 10.35790/eg.v14i1.64572

Kejadian Gingivitis pada Siswa Tunagrahita di SLB Wilayah Pesisir Kota Manado
type: item
description: Abstract: Gingivitis is one of the periodontal disease characterized by redness, swelling of the gingival tissue, and bleeding due to the accumulation of dental plaque and calculus in the supragingival and subgingival areas. This disease is common among children, including those with special needs such as individuals with intellectual disabilities. Children with intellectual disabilities face challenges in maintaining oral hygiene due to intellectual and behavior limitations, which increase the risk of periodontal diseases like gingivitis. Moreover, socioeconomic challenges and limited access to dental health services in coastal areas further exacerbate this condition. This study aimed to determine the incidence of gingivitis in students with intellectual disabilities in special schools at the coastal area of Manado City. This was an observational study with a cross-sectional design conducted on students with intellectual disabilities at GMIM Nazareth Tuminting Special School and YPAC Special School in Manado using the total sampling method. The results obtained 46 students as respondents; females (58.7%) were more frequent than males (41.3%). The highest percentages were students from SMPLB and SMALB (each of 34.8%). The majority of respondents suffered from gingivitis (89.1%), especially on both upper and lower jaws (41.3%). In conclusion, the prevalence of gingivitis among intellectually disabled students in Special Schools in the coastal area of Manado City is categorized as high (89.1%). Keywords: gingivitis; students with intellectual disabilities Abstrak: Gingivitis merupakan salah satu penyakit periodontal yang ditandai dengan kemerahan, pembengkakan jaringan gingiva, dan pendarahan akibat penumpukan plak gigi dan kalkulus di supragingiva dan subgingiva. Gingivitis menjadi salah satu penyakit periodontal yang umum terjadi pada anak, termasuk mereka yang memiliki kebutuhan khusus seperti tunagrahita. Anak-anak tunagrahita menghadapi tantangan dalam menjaga ke…
creator: Darlene G. Pardanus
creator: Lydia E. N. Tendean
creator: Christy N. Mintjelungan
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Darlene G. Pardanus, Lydia E. N. Tendean, Christy N. Mintjelungan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-12-12
publication date: 2025-12-12
volume: 14
number: 1
starting page: 231
ending page: 236
doi: 10.35790/eg.v14i1.64950

Status Psikososial Remaja Usia 15-17 Tahun yang Mengalami Maloklusi Anterior Berdasarkan Indeks PIDAQ
type: item
description: Abstract: Anterior malocclusion can affect facial aesthetics and has an impact on psychosocial condition, particularly among adolescents. Coastal areas like Tuminting District, which is close to the center of Manado City, have social characteristics that make appearance an important aspect of adolescent interactions, while socio-economic conditions often limit access to orthodontic care, which further influences the psychosocial impact of malocclusion. This study aimed to obtain the psychosocial status of adolescents aged 15-17 tahun with anterior malocclusion based on PIDAC at SMAN3 Tuminting. This was a descriptive and observational study with a cross-sectional approach. Respondents consisted of 60 students aged 15–17 years selected through purposive sampling based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Visual monitoring was conducted to detect anterior malocclusion, and the PIDAQ questionnaire was administered to assess psychosocial impact. The majority of study subjects (61.6%) fell into the moderate PIDAQ score category, 21.7% into the high category, and 16.7% into the low category. Female subjects tended to have higher PIDAQ scores than males, reflecting greater sensitivity to dental aesthetics. In conclusion, most adolescents with anterior malocclusion at SMAN 3 Tuminting fall into the moderate PIDAQ score category indicating that anterior malocclusion has a psychosocial impact. Keywords: anterior malocclusion; adolescents; psychosocial status; PIDAQ Abstrak: Maloklusi anterior dapat memengaruhi estetika wajah dan berdampak pada kondisi psikososial, terutama pada remaja. Daerah pesisir seperti Kecamatan Tuminting yang tidak jauh dari pusat Kota Manado memiliki karakteristik sosial yang menjadikan penampilan sebagai aspek penting dalam interaksi remaja, sementara kondisi sosio-ekonomi sering membatasi akses terhadap perawatan ortodontik, yang turut memengaruhi dampak psikososial akibat maloklusi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui status psikososial remaja usia…
creator: Keren D. Tilaar
creator: Pritartha S. Anindita
creator: Damajanty H. C. Pangemanan
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Keren D. Tilaar, Pritartha S. Anindita, Damajanty H. C. Pangemanan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-12-12
publication date: 2025-12-12
volume: 14
number: 1
starting page: 237
ending page: 241
doi: 10.35790/eg.v14i1.64949