e-GiGi is pubiished by Indonesian Anatomist Association in Manado, in collaboration with Sam Ratulangi University. The coverage of this journal is related to dental sciences in the forms of research, case report, and literature review.
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Perubahan Morfologik dan Kekasaran Permukaan Implan Gigi Ti-Alloy Dipengaruhi oleh Perbedaan Tekanan Sandblasting TiO2
Abstract: This study aimed to examine the morphological changes and surface roughness of titanium alloy dental implants affected by variations in TiO2 sandblasting pressure in the SA technique. A laboratory experimental study was conducted using 25 titanium alloy samples measured 10x10x2mm began with pre-treatment surface roughness testing. Sandblasting with TiO2 was then performed at different pressures: no sandblasting (negative control), 500 kPa, 600 kPa, 700 kPa, and 800 kPa for 20 seconds, 20 mm distance, and 90° angle. Acid etching with 98% H2SO4 was carried out at 60°C for 60 minutes. Post-treatment surface roughness was measured and morphological changes were observed. The normality test was carried out using the Shapiro-Wilk test, then One-Way ANOVA statistical test was performed to evaluate the significance of the difference in Ra between groups. The results showed that the no-sandblasting group had a significantly lower surface roughness value than the sandblasted groups. SEM results revealed uniform morphology in sandblasted groups, and the 500 kPa group resulted in the deepest and most homogeneous porosity. In conclusion, variations in TiO2 sandblasting pressure affect the morphology and surface roughness of titanium alloy, with 500 kPa providing the most optimal results for roughness and morphology. Keywords: surface roughness; surface morpholog; osseointegration; sandblasting pressure; TiO2 Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat perubahan morfologi dan kekasaran permukaan implan gigi titanium alloy yang dipengaruhi oleh variasi tekanan sandblasting TiO2 dalam teknik SA. Studi eksperimental laboratorium dilakukan menggunakan 25 sampel titanium alloy berukuran 10x10x2 mm, diawali dengan pengujian kekasaran permukaan sebelum perlakuan. Sandblasting TiO2 dilakukan dengan tekanan berbeda-beda: tanpa sandblasting (kontrol negatif), 500 kPa, 600 kPa, 700 kPa, dan 800 kPa selama 20 detik, jarak 20 mm, dan sudut 90°. Acid etching dengan H2SO4 98% dilakukan pada 60°C selama 60 menit. Kekasaran permukaan setelah perlakuan diukur serta perubahan morfologik. Uji normalitas dilakukan dengan uji Shapiro-Wilk, kemudian uji statistik One-Way ANOVA dilakukan untuk melihat signifikansi perbedaan Ra antar kelompok. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa kelompok tanpa sandblasting memiliki nilai kekasaran lebih rendah secara bermakna dibandingkan kelompok dengan sandblasting. Hasil SEM menunjukkan morfologi seragam pada kelompok sandblasting, dengan kelompok 500 kPa menghasilkan porositas terdalam dan paling homogen. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah variasi tekanan sandblasting TiO2 memengaruhi morfologi dan kekasaran permukaan titanium alloy, dengan tekanan 500 kPa memberikan hasil paling optimal dalam hal kekasaran dan morfologi. Kata kunci: kekasaran permukaan; morfologi permukaan; osseointegrasi; tekanan sandblasting; TiO2
Copyright (c) 2026 Albert Albert, Beverly C. Hamidjaja, Trijani Suwandi, Lia H. Andayani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Perbandingan pH Saliva Setelah Mengonsumsi Buah Papaya (Carica papaya L.) dan Buah Naga Merah (Hylocereus polyrhizus)
Abstract: Saliva is a complex fluid produced by the salivary glands and plays a very important role in maintaining the balance of the ecosystem in the oral cavity. Papaya fruit (Carica papaya L.) contains 0.7 grams of fiber per 100 grams, which can help increase saliva production, thereby providing a self-cleansing effect. Red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) is rich in nutrients such as vitamin C, phosphorus, calcium, and antioxidants, and contains antibacterial agents, betacyanin, and phenols. Consuming fruit is one way to maintain optimal saliva pH level and prevent tooth decay. Therefore, the effectiveness of these two types of fruits on saliva pH levels needs to be explored. This was a quasi-experimental study employing a two-group pretest-posttest design. The results showed that based on the Wilcoxon test results, there was a significant difference in the average saliva pH before and after consuming papaya (Carica papaya L.) and red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus), however, the Mann Whitney test showed no difference between the two treatments. In conclusion, papaya (Carica papaya L.) and red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) have the same effectiveness in lowering saliva pH after consumption by chewing. Although significant Keywords: pH saliva; papaya fruit (Carica papaya L.); red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) Abstrak: Saliva adalah cairan kompleks yang diproduksi oleh kelenjar saliva dan berperan penting dalam mempertahankan keseimbangan ekosistem dalam rongga mulut. Buah papaya (Carica papaya L.) mengandung serat sebanyak 0,7 gr dalam tiap 100 gr, yang dapat membantu pengeluaran saliva lebih banyak sehingga memberikan efek self cleansing. Buah naga merah (Hylocereus polyrhizus) memiliki kandungan nutrisi kaya vitamin C, fosfor, dan kalsium, antioksidan, serta kandungan antibakteri, betacinin, dan fenol. Mengonsumsi buah merupakan salah satu cara menjaga pH saliva dalam kondisi optimum untuk mencegah terjadinya karies. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas mengonsumsi kedua jenis buah terhadap pH saliva. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuasi-eksperimental, dengan two group pretest postest design. Hasil uji Wilcoxon menunjukkan temuan berbeda secara bermakna antara rerata pH saliva sebelum dan sesudah mengonsumsi buah papaya (Carica papaya L.) maupun buah naga merah (Hylocereus polyrhizus), namun uji Mann Whitney tidak mendapatkan perbedaan antara kedua perlakuan. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah buah pepaya (Carica papaya L) dan buah naga merah (Hylocereus polyrhizus) memiliki efektivitas yang sama dalam menurunkan pH saliva setelah dikonsumsi dengan cara dikunyah. Meskipun perubahan bermakna terjadi dalam masing-masing kelompok, tidak ditemukan adanya perbedaan efektivitas yang bermakna antara keduanya. Kata kunci: pH saliva; pepaya; buah naga merah
Copyright (c) 2026 Sari Aldilawati, Muhammad J. Abdi, Nurul A. E. P. A. Salim https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Gnatoplasti tanpa Cangkok Tulang: Kasus Serial
Abstract: Alveolar clefts are a group of cleft lip and/or palate disorders that can interfere with tooth growth, aesthetics, and oral function. Treatment is gradual and multidisciplinary, with initial procedures such as labioplasty and palatoplasty. However, postoperative facial bone growth disorders often occur. Gnathoplasty is generally performed with bone grafting, but this procedure carries a risk of complications. Therefore, gnathoplasty without bone grafting is starting to be considered as an alternative, especially in children under 10 years of age with a cleft width of ≤4 mm. This study aimed to discuss the clinical and esthetic outcomes of several cases of gnathoplasty without the use of bone grafts, and to assess the safety and effectiveness of the procedure. In this case study, there were three pediatric patients with similar clinical conditions and complaints underwent gnathoplasty without bone grafting using the mucosal tissue closure method at Santa Theresia Hospital in Jambi. Evaluation was conducted through clinical examination and pre- and post-operative photo documentation. The results showed that gnathoplasty without bone graft provided significant improvement in facial profile and patient esthetic satisfaction without complications. No post-operative infection was found. Healing was progressing well and recovery time was shorter. Post-operative hypernasality improved gradually without the need for speech therapy in the short term. In conclusion, gnatoplasty without bone grafting can be an appropriate treatment option in children with specific indications, as it provides good outcomes with low risk of complications. Keywords: gnathoplasty; bone graft; gnathoschizis Abstrak: Celah alveolar merupakan bagian dari kelainan celah bibir dan/atau langit-langit yang dapat mengganggu pertumbuhan gigi, estetika, dan fungsi rongga mulut. Penanganannya dilakukan secara bertahap dan multidisipliner melalui prosedur awal seperti labioplasti dan palatoplasti, namun gangguan pertumbuhan tulang wajah sering terjadi pascaoperasi. Gnatoplasti umumnya dilakukan dengan cangkok tulang, tetapi prosedur ini memiliki risiko komplikasi. Oleh karena itu, gnatoplasti tanpa cangkok tulang mulai dipertimbangkan sebagai alternatif, terutama pada anak di bawah usia 10 tahun dengan lebar celah ≤4 mm. Penulisan studi ini bertujuan untuk melaporkan hasil klinis dan estetika dari beberapa kasus gnatoplasti tanpa penggunaan cangkok tulang, serta menilai keamanan dan efektivitas prosedur tersebut. Dalam studi kasus ini, tiga pasien anak dengan kondisi klinis dan keluhan serupa menjalani gnatoplasti tanpa cangkok tulang menggunakan metode penutupan jaringan mukosa di Rumah Sakit SantaTheresia, Jambi. Evaluasi dilakukan melalui pemeriksaan klinis, dokumentasi foto pra dan pasca operasi. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa gnatoplasti tanpa cangkok tulang memberikan perbaikan bermakna pada profil wajah dan kepuasan estetika pasien tanpa komplikasi. Tidak ditemukan infeksi pasca operasi. Penyembuhan berjalan dengan baik dan waktu pemulihan lebih singkat. Hipernasalitas yang muncul pasca operasi membaik secara bertahap tanpa perlu terapi wicara dalam jangka pendek. Simpulan studi ini ialah gnatoplasti tanpa cangkok tulang pada anak dapat menjadi pilihan tindakan yang tepat sesuai indikasi dengan hasil yang baik dan berisiko rendah. Kata kunci: gnatoplasti; cangkok tulang: gnatoschizis
Copyright (c) 2026 Eka Yuliastuti, Ocky P. Mangoenprawira, Adhe Ismunandar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Gambaran Pola Sidik Bibir Berdasarkan Klasifikasi Suzuki-Tsuchihashi di Kelurahan Sindulang Dua, Manado
Abstract: Forensic identification is a crucial method for recognizing an individual's identity by comparing antemortem and postmortem data. Generally, identification methods are categorized into two groups: primary and secondary. One of the secondary methods that has gained increasing attention is cheiloscopy, or lip print identification, which is known for its uniqueness, permanence, and practicality. However, it is not yet established as a standard identification method in Indonesia. Limitations in applying primary methods highlight the potential of cheiloscopy as an alternative that can accelerate the identification process, particularly in coastal areas such as Sindulang Dua Subdistrict, Manado. This study aimed to obtain the lip print pattern of Sindulang Dua community based on the Suzuki-Tsuchihashi classification. This was a descriptive and observational study with a cross-sectional design, using purposive stratified sampling. The results obtained 83 respondents aged 21–40 years, consisting of 40 males and 43 females. The most frequent lip patterns were type I (36.14%) and type IV (31.33%). Among males, the most frequent type was type IV (40.00%), meanwhile, among females was type I (46.51%). The most dominant ethnic group among the respondents was Sangir (36.14%). In conclusion, the majority of people at Sindulang Dua Subdistrict have Sangir ethnic group yang mayoritas berasal dari suku Sangir. The dominant lip print pattern found in males was type IV, while in females it was type I. Keywords: lip print patterns; forensic identification; Suzuki Tsuchihashi classification Abstrak: Identifikasi forensik merupakan metode penting untuk mengenali identitas individu melalui perbandingan data antemortem dan postmortem. Metode ini terbagi menjadi dua, yaitu primer dan sekunder. Cheiloscopy atau identifikasi pola sidik bibir adalah salah satu metode sekunder yang memiliki keunggulan dalam hal keunikan, kekekalan, dan kepraktisan, namun belum menjadi standar identifikasi di Indonesia. Kendala pada metode primer menjadikan cheiloscopy sebagai alternatif dalam percepatan identifikasi, khususnya di wilayah pesisir seperti Kelurahan Sindulang Dua. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan gambaran pola sidik bibir masyarakat Kelurahan Sindulang Dua Manado berdasarkan klasifikasi Suzuki-Tsuchihashi. Jenis penelitian ialah observasional deskriptif dengan desain potong lintang. menggunakan teknik purposive stratified sampling. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan 83 orang usia 21–40 tahun sebagai responden, terdiri dari 40 laki-laki dan 43 perempuan. Pola yang paling sering muncul yaitu tipe I (36,14%) dan tipe IV (31,33%). Pada laki-laki pola yang paling sering muncul ialah tipe IV (40,00%) dan pada perempuan tipe I (46,51%). Suku yang dominan pada responden ialah suku Sangir (36,14%). Simpulan penelitian ini ialah pada masyarakat Kelurahan Sindulang Dua yang mayoritas berasal dari suku Sangir, ditemukan bahwa tipe pola sidik bibir yang paling sering muncul pada laki-laki ialah tipe IV, sementara pada perempuan yang paling dominan ialah tipe I. Kata kunci: pola sidik bibir; identifikasi forensik; klasifikasi Suzuki Tsuchihashi
Copyright (c) 2026 Immanuel K. Huwae, Erwin G. Kristanto, Johanna A. Khoman https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Pengaruh Tingkat Pendidikan terhadap Status Kebersihan Gigi dan Mulut Masyarakat Pesisir
Abstract: Low knowledge, awareness, and behavior in maintaining dental and oral hygiene are influenced by various things such as environmental condition, education level, knowledge, economic condition, prevailing habits or culture, and access to health services. This study aimed to determine whether there was an influence of education level on dental and oral hygiene status of the coastal community of Maen Village, East Likupang. This was an observational and analytical study with a cross-sectional design. Data were analyzed using univariate analysis with percentages and bivariate analysis with ordinal regression. The results obtained 56 people of coastal communities of Maen Village as respondents. The majority had a high level of education (n=25; 44.6%), and moderate dental and oral hygiene status (OHI-S) (n​​=27; 48,2%). The subjects were dominated by those who had high level of education with moderate dental and oral hygiene status (n=17; 68.0%). Bivariate analysis using the ordinal regression test obtained a significant effect. In conclusion, level of education has a significant effect on dental and oral hygiene status of the coastal community of Maen Village, East Likupang District. Keywords: education level; dental and oral hygiene status; coastal community Abstrak: Rendahnya pengetahuan, kesadaran, dan perilaku dalam menjaga kebersihan gigi dan mulut dipengaruhi berbagai hal seperti kondisi lingkungan, tingkat pendidikan, pengetahuan, kondisi ekonomi, kebiasaan atau budaya yang berlaku, serta akses layanan kesehatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui ada tidaknya pengaruh tingkat pendidikan terhadap status kebersihan gigi dan mulut masyarakat pesisir Desa Maen, Kecamatan Likupang Timur. Jenis penelitian ialah analitik observasional dengan desain potong lintang. Data dianalisis menggunakan secara univariat untuk melihat distribusi data berdasarkan persentase serta analisis bivariat untuk melihat pengaruh menggunakan regresi ordinal. Hasil pnelitian mendapatkan 56 orang masyarakat pesisir Desa Maen sebagai responden penelitian. Mayoritas responden memiliki tingkat pendidikan terakhir menengah (n=25; 44,6%), dan status kebersihan gigi dan mulut (OHI-S) kondisi sedang (n=27; 48,2%). Responden penelitian didominasi memiliki tingkat pendidikan terakhir menengah dengan status kebersihan gigi dan mulut sedang (n=17; 68,0%). Analisis bivariat menggunakan uji regresi ordinal menunjukkan pengaruh bermakna. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah tingkat pendidikan berpengaruh bermakna terhadap status kebersihan gigi dan mulut masyarakat pesisir Desa Maen Kecamatan Likupang Timur. Kata kunci: tingkat pendidikan; status kebersihan gigi dan mulut; masyarakat pesisir
Copyright (c) 2026 Hestia E. Utomo, Ni Wayan Mariati, Christy N. Mintjelungan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Konsentrasi Hambat Minimum dan Konsentrasi Bunuh Minimum Ekstrak Bawang Merah (Allium cepa L.) terhadap Porphyromonas gingivalis
Abstract: Periodontal disease often begins with inflammation caused by bacteria in the oral cavity, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis. One of the herbal ingredients known for its antibacterial properties is shallot (Allium cepa L.). Shallots contain various secondary metabolites, including saponin, flavonoid, alkaloid, triterpenoid, and tannin. This study aimed to obtain the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of shallot extract. This was an experimental laboratory design using a post-test only control group approach. The test organism used was Porphyromonas gingivalis. Shallots were extracted using the maceration method, followed by serial dilution to obtain concentrations of 100%, 50%, 25%, 12.5%, 6.25%, 3.125%, 1.56%, 0.78%, and a negative control. The results showed that at concentrations of 100%, 50%, 25%, and 12.5%, there was no growth of Porphyromonas gingivalis was observed. However, bacterial growth was present at concentrations of 6.25%, 3.125%, 1.56%, 0.78%, and in the negative control group. In conclusion, the minimum inhibitory concentration was found to be 0.78%, while the minimum bactericidal concentration was 12.5%. Keywords: Porphyromonas gingivalis; shallots (Allium cepa L.) Abstrak: Penyakit periodontal biasanya diawali dengan inflamasi yang disebabkan bakteri di rongga mulut seperti Porphyromonas gingivalis. Bakteri ini merupakan kelompok bakteri yang berperan dalam inisiasi terjadinya penyakit periodontal kronis. Salah satu bahan herbal yang diketahui memiliki daya antibakteri ialah bawang merah dengan kandungan metabolit sekunder yaitu saponin, flavonoid, alkaloid, triterpenoid, dan tanin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan Konsentrasi Hambat Minimum (KHM) dan Konsentrasi Bunuh Minimum (KBM) dari ekstrak bawang merah terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri Porphyromonas gingivalis. Jenis penelitian ialah eksperimental laboratoris dengan post test only control group desain. Sampel penelitian yaitu Porphyromonas gingivalis. Bawang Merah diekstraksi menggunakan metode maserasi kemudian dilakukan penipisan seri atau metode dilusi dengan konsentrasi 100%, 50%, 25%, 12,5%, 6,25%, 3,125%, 1,56%, dan 0,78%, serta kontrol negatif. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan bahwa pada konsentrasi 100%, 50%, 25%, dan 12,5% tidak ada pertumbuhan P. gingivalis. Pada konsentrasi 6,25%, 3,125%, 1,56%, dan 0,78%, kontrol negatif tampak pertumbuhan P. gingivalis. Simpulan penelitian ini ekstrak bawang merah (Allium cepa L.) memiliki Konsentrasi Hambat Minimum pada konsentrasi 0,78%, dan Konsentrasi Bunuh Minimum pada konsentrasi 12,5% terhadap bakteri Porphyromonas gingivalis. Kata kunci: Porphyromonas gingivalis; bawang merah (Allium cepa L.)
Copyright (c) 2026 Ernita Sari, Herrina Firmantini, Niswatun Chasanah, Putri W. S. Ningrum https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Penanganan Flare-Up Pasca Obturasi pada Perawatan Saluran Akar Jamak: Laporan Kasus
Abstract: Post-obturation flare-up is an endodontic complication characterized by acute pain resulting from inflammatory responses in periapical tissues. Contributing factors include debris extrusion, inadequate obturation, and sealer toxicity. We reported an 18-year-old male presented with pain in the upper left maxillary premolar three days after root canal obturation. Radiographic and CBCT evaluation revealed underfilling of the palatal root canal. Retreatment was performed by removing gutta-percha with an H-file and orange oil, followed by re-preparation using the crown-down technique. Irrigation was carried out with 2.5% NaOCl and 2% chlorhexidine. Intracanal medication with a mixture of calcium hydroxide and 2% chlorhexidine paste was applied. After one week, the patient was asymptomatic, and re-obturation was completed using the lateral condensation technique with eugenol-based sealer. In the two-week follow-up, the patient remained symptom-free, and definitive restoration with a porcelain-fused-to-metal crown was placed. In conclusion, post-obturation flare-up may occur due to inadequate obturation. Root canal retreatment with intracanal medication combining Ca(OH)2 and 2% CHX is effective in relieving symptoms, eliminating persistent microorganisms, and preventing recurrent infection. Keywords: flare-up; root canal retreatment; calcium hydroxide; chlorhexidine Abstrak: Flare-up pasca obturasi merupakan komplikasi endodontik yang ditandai dengan nyeri akut akibat respon inflamasi pada jaringan periapikal. Faktor penyebabnya meliputi ekstrusi debris, obturasi yang tidak adekuat, dan toksisitas bahan sealer. Kami melaporkan seorang pasien laki-laki berusia 18 tahun datang dengan keluhan nyeri pada premolar maksila kiri tiga hari setelah dilakukan obturasi saluran akar. Pemeriksaan radiografi dan CBCT menunjukkan obturasi akar palatal tidak mencapai panjang kerja penuh (underfilling). Dilakukan perawatan ulang berupa pembongkaran gutta-percha menggunakan H-file dan orange oil, dilanjutkan preparasi ulang dengan teknik crown-down. Irigasi intraoperatif menggunakan NaOCl 2,5% dan chlorhexidine 2%. Medikasi intrakanal diberikan berupa kombinasi kalsium hidroksida dan chlorhexidine 2%. Setelah satu minggu, pasien bebas gejala, dan dilakukan obturasi ulang dengan teknik kondensasi lateral menggunakan sealer berbasis eugenol. Pada kontrol dua minggu, pasien tetap asimtomatik dan restorasi akhir dilakukan dengan mahkota jaket PFM. Simpulan studi ini ialah flare-up pasca obturasi dapat dipicu oleh obturasi yang tidak adekuat. Retreatment saluran akar dengan kombinasi medikasi intrakanal Ca(OH)2–CHX 2% efektif dalam meredakan gejala, mengeliminasi mikroorganisme persisten, serta mencegah infeksi berulang. Kata kunci: flare-up; perawatan saluran akar ulang; kalsium hidroksida; chlorhexidine
Copyright (c) 2026 Cahyani Cahyani, Fiqi F. Kirom https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Potensi Antibakteri Prebiotik Buah Naga dalam Regenerasi Periodontal
Abstract: Periodontal tissue regeneration remains a major challenge in dentistry due to damage caused by periodontal disease. Developing natural biomaterials with osteoconductive, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial properties is essential to support the healing process. This study aimed to compare the antibacterial activity of dragon fruit (Hylocereus spp.) prebiotics with commercial bovine pericardium membrane using an in vitro approach. Antibacterial activity against Porphyromonas gingivalis was assessed using the disc diffusion method. Dragon fruit prebiotics, obtained through organic solvent extraction, were tested against sterilized bovine pericardium membranes as controls. The results showed that the dragon fruit prebiotics had a greater mean inhibition zone of 13.76 mm against P. gingivalis compared to of bovine pericardium membranes which was 10.14 mm. In conclusion, dragon fruit prebiotics are positioned as a promising, cost-effective, and biocompatible alternative compared to bovine pericardium membranes for periodontal regeneration. However, further in vivo studies are necessary to validate their safety and clinical efficacy. Keywords: dragon fruit prebiotics; periodontal regeneration; antibacterial activity; bovine pericardium membrane Abstrak: Regenerasi jaringan periodontal tetap menjadi tantangan utama dalam kedokteran gigi, terutama terkait kerusakan akibat penyakit periodontal. Upaya pengembangan biomaterial alami dengan potensi osteokonduktif, anti-inflamasi, dan antibakteri menjadi penting untuk mendukung penyembuhan jaringan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan in vitro untuk membandingkan efek antibakteri prebiotik buah naga (Hylocereus spp.) dengan bovine pericardium membrane komersial. Uji antibakteri terhadap Porphyromonas gingivalis dilakukan dengan metode difusi cakram. Prebiotik diperoleh melalui ekstraksi pelarut organik, sedangkan bovine pericardium membrane disterilkan dan digunakan sebagai kontrol. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan prebiotik buah naga menunjukkan rerata zona hambat 13,76 mm terhadap P. gingivalis, lebih besar dibandingkan bovine pericardium membrane (10,14 mm). Hal ini mendukung bahwa prebiotik buah naga memiliki aktivitas antibakteri yang dapat memperkuat perannya sebagai biomaterial alternatif. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah prebiotik buah naga merupakan kandidat potensial untuk terapi regeneratif periodontal dengan biaya lebih rendah dibandingkan bovine pericardium membrane. Penelitian in vivo lebih lanjut masih diperlukan untuk mengonfirmasi keamanan dan efektivitasnya dalam aplikasi klinis. Kata kunci: prebiotik buah naga; regenerasi periodontal; aktivitas antibakterial; bovine pericardium membrane
Copyright (c) 2026 Febria D. K. Hari, Dwi W. Indrawati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Tingkat Pengetahuan Kanker Mulut pada Pasien Lansia di Puskesmas Satelit Kecamatan Kedamaian Kota Bandar Lampung
Abstract: Oral cancer is one of the prevalent oral health conditions among the elderly population. Thuis study aimed to obtain the level of knowledge about oral cancer among elderly patients at the Satelite Community Health Center in Kedamaian District, Bandar Lampung City. This was a descriptive study with cross-sectional design. This study used a questionnaire (google form) consisting of 20 general questions about risk factors and predisposing factors related to oral cancer. Respondents' knowledge was categorized into three levels: good, moderate, and low. Data were analyzed using the SPSS software. The results obtained 128 elderly patients as respondents; male and female’s numbers were equal. Based on the distributed questionnaires, 19 elderly patients (14.8%) showed good knowledge about oral cancer, while 109 elderly patients (85.2%) had moderate knowledge about oral cancer. In conclusion, the majority of elderly patients at the Satelite Community Health Center in Kedamaian District, Bandar Lampung City, have moderate level of knowledge about oral cancer. Keywords: knowledge; oral cancer; elderly Abstrak: Kanker mulut merupakan salah satu kondisi kesehatan mulut dengan prevalensi tinggi di antara populasi lansia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan tingkat pengetahuan tentang kanker mulut pada pasien lansia di Puskesmas Satelit Kecamatan Kedamaian Kota Bandar Lampung. Jenis penelitian ialah deskriptif dengan desain potong lintang. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuesioner (google form) yang terdiri dari 20 butir pertanyaan bersifat umum mengenai faktor risiko dan faktor predisposisi tentang kanker mulut. Pengetahuan responden digolongkan dalam skala tiga tingkat, yaitu baik, cukup dan rendah. Data diolah dengan software SPSS. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan 128 responden; jenis kelamin laki-laki dan perempuan sama banyak. Berdasarkan kuesioner yang didistribusikan, sebanyak 19 pasien lansia (14,8%) memiliki pengetahuan tentang kanker mulut dengan kategori baik, 109 pasien lansia (85,2%) memiliki pengetahuan tentang kanker mulut dengan kategori cukup. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah mayoritas pasien lansia di Puskesmas Satelit Kecamatan Kedamaian Kota Bandar Lampung memiliki pengetahuan tentang kanker mulut tergolong cukup. Kata kunci: pengetahuan; kanker mulut; lansia
Copyright (c) 2026 Dwi Ariani, Nadhira Rivazka, Pindobilowo Pindobilowo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Hubungan antara Konsumsi Ikan Laut dengan Status Karies Gigi pada Anak Usia 10-12 Tahun
Abstract: Dental caries is one of the most common oral health problem among children and serves as an important indicator in assessing oral and dental health. One of the factors that plays a role in preventing caries is fluoride intake, which can be obtained from food sources such as marine fish. Coastal areas like Munte Village have high access to marine fish; however, a high prevalence of dental caries is still found among school-aged children. This has prompted research on the relationship between marine fish consumption and dental caries status. This study aimed to determine the relationship between marine fish consumption and dental caries status in children aged 10–12 years at SD Negeri Munte, Likupang Barat. This was an analytical and observational study with a cross-sectional design. Data were collected through a questionnaire on marine fish consumption frequency and dental caries examination using the DMF-T index. Data analysis was conducted using the Spearman Rank test. The results obtained 61 students as subjects selected using total sampling technique. The majority of subjects reported very frequent consumption of marine fish (63.93%) and had dental caries status in the moderate category (40.98%) with an average DMF-T index of 3.3. The Spearman test showed a p-value of 0.003 and a correlation coefficient of -0.371, indicating a significant and inverse relationship between marine fish consumption and dental caries status. In conclusion, there is a significant relationship between marine fish consumption and dental caries status in children aged 10–12 years at SD Negeri Munte, Likupang. Keywords: marine fish consumption; dental caries; school-aged children Abstrak: Karies gigi termasuk salah satu masalah kesehatan gigi yang paling umum ditemukan pada anak-anak dan menjadi salah satu indikator penting dalam menilai kesehatan gigi dan mulut. Salah satu faktor yang berkontribusi dalam mencegah terjadinya karies yaitu asupan fluor yang dapat diperoleh dari makanan, seperti ikan laut. Daerah pesisir seperti Desa Munte memiliki akses tinggi terhadap ikan laut, namun masih ditemukan kasus karies gigi yang cukup tinggi pada anak usia sekolah. Hal ini mendorong dilakukannya penelitian mengenai hubungan konsumsi ikan laut dengan status karies gigi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk engetahui hubungan antara konsumsi ikan laut dengan status karies gigi pada anak usia 10–12 tahun di SD Negeri Munte, Likupang Barat. Jenis penelitian ialah observasional analitik dengan desain potong lintang. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner frekuensi konsumsi ikan laut dan pemeriksaan status karies menggunakan indeks DMF-T. Analisis data dilakukan dengan uji Spearman Rank. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan 61 siswa sebagai subjek penelitian yang dipilih melalui teknik total sampling. Mayoritas subjek penelitian memiliki frekuensi konsumsi ikan laut yang sangat sering (63,93%) dan status karies gigi dalam kategori sedang (40,98%) dengan nilai rerata indeks DMF-T sebesar 3,3. Hasil uji Spearman menunjukkan nilai p=0,003 dan koefisien korelasi -0,371 yang menunjukkan adanya hubungan bermakna dan berbanding terbalik antara konsumsi ikan laut dan status karies gigi. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah terdapat hubungan bermakna antara konsumsi ikan laut dengan status karies gigi pada anak usia 10-12 tahun di SD Negeri Munte Likupang. Kata kunci: konsumsi ikan laut; karies gigi; anak usia sekolah
Copyright (c) 2026 Keysha A. Karamoy, Shirley E. S. Kawengian, Christy N. Mintjelungan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Penerapan Aplikasi Monopoly Dental (Molydent) Game sebagai Media Edukasi Kesehatan Gigi dan Mulut pada Siswa Sekolah Dasar
Abstract: Person's awareness of the importance of dental health can be seen from his/her knowledge. To improve a person's dental and oral health, various media can be used; one of which is the Monopoly Dental (Molydent) game. Molydent is a monopoly game that contains learning materials about dental and oral health. This study aimed to analyze the effect of using the Molydent application as an educational medium on the knowledge of elementary school students with a one-group pre-test post-test design on 27 respondents. The results obtained 27 students of grade 3B at SDN 10 Sungai Sapih Kota Padang as respondents. Male students were predominant than female students (55.56% vs 44.44%). The most frequent age was nine years (63%). The mean score before intervention of molydent game was 8.30, and after intervention was 9.59, with a maximum score of 10. The Wilcoxon signed ranks showed that there was a significant influence of education using the molydent game on the students’ knowledge about dental and oral health with a p-value of 0.000 (p<0,05). In conclusion, Molydent game is effective in improving the knowledge of dental and oral health among elementary school students. Keywords: Molydent game; education media; interactive application Abstrak: Kesadaran seseorang akan pentingnya kesehatan gigi dapat dilihat dari pengetahuan yang dimilikinya. Untuk meningkatkan kesehatan gigi dan mulut seseorang, dapat dilakukan dengan berbagai media, salah satunya media monopoly dental (molydent) game. Molydent adalah permainan monopoly yang mengandung materi pembelajaran mengenai kesehatan gigi dan mulut. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh penggunaan aplikasi Molydent sebagai media edukasi terhadap pengetahuan siswa sekolah dasar dengan desain one group pre-test post-test pada 27 responden. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan 27 siswa kelas 3B SDN 10 Sungai Sapih Kota Padang sebagai responden penelitian. Jenis kelamin laki-laki (55,56%) lebih banyak daripada perempuan (44,44%), dengan usia terbanyak ialah usia 9 tahun (63%). Nilai rerata sebelum intervensi menggunakan aplikasi molydent game ialah 8,30 dan setelah intervensi ialah 9,59 dengan nilai maksimumnya ialah 10. Hasil uji Wilcoxon signed ranks menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh edukasi kesehatan gigi dan mulut menggunakan media Molydent game terhadap pengetahuan kesehatan gigi dan mulut siswa SDN 10 Sungai Sapih Kota Padang dengan nilai p=0,000 (p<0,05). Simpulan penelitian ini ialah aplikasi Molydent game berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan pengetahuan kesehatan gigi dan mulut siswa sekolah dasar. Kata kunci: Molydent; media edukasi; aplikasi interaktif
Copyright (c) 2026 Ricky Amran, Resa Ferdina, Princess R. S. Ningrum https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Artificial Intelligence–Driven Innovations in Forensic Odontology for Human Identification: A Narrative Review
Abstract: Forensic odontology is a branch of forensic science that plays a role in identification, including age and sex estimation. The identification results acted as valid evidence based on the science of forensic dentistry, which is used in the judicial process. Traditional methods of identification have the disadvantage of subjectivity on the part of the examiner. The analysis results can be biased, leading to incorrect conclusions. The rapid development of technology has impacted the field of forensic odontology. This review aimed to evaluate the potential and applications of AI in forensic odontology. Artificial intelligence (AI) is a computer-based system designed using principles of human intelligence. The application of artificial intelligence to assist forensic experts is growing and being explored increasingly. Artificial intelligence in forensic odontology plays a role in gender determination, age estimation, lip print analysis, toothmark analysis, personal identification, and facial reconstruction. The AI-based identification process is expected to eliminate the researcher's subjectivity and improve the accuracy of the results. In conclusion, artificial intelligence (AI) has significantly influenced forensic odontology by supporting key forensic tasks, including age estimation, sex determination, cheiloscopy analysis, and facial reconstruction. Keywords: forensic odontology; artificial intelligence; identification process; application
Copyright (c) 2026 Roben S. Pasaribu, Dian Muliawati, Aditia D. Yunus https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Perbandingan Efektivitas Media Permainan Monopoli Kesehatan Gigi dan Video Edukasi Terhadap Pengetahuan Kesehatan Gigi dan Mulut
Abstract: Oral and dental health issues remain a significant concern in Indonesia, particularly among school-aged children. One preventive effort that can be implemented is through engaging dental health education tailored to children's developmental stages. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of the Monopoli Kesehatan Gigi (MOKEGI) board game and educational videos in improving oral health knowledge. The study was conducted among 4th to 6th-grade students at SD Negeri Munte, involving stages of socialization, pretest, educational intervention using MOKEGI and educational videos, followed by a posttest. The results showed that both media effectively increased students' oral health knowledge; however, the MOKEGI board game proved to be more effective. The Mann–Whitney test indicated a significant difference in posttest scores (p=0.023), with a higher mean rank in the MOKEGI group (28.94) compared to the video group (20.06). No significant difference was found in the pretest scores (p 0.473), indicating that the improvement was due to the educational media intervention. In conclusion, both education media are effective in improving sudents’ knowledge, however, MOKEGI is more effective than educational videos. Keywords: oral and dental health; elementary school children; educational game; educational video Abstrak: Masalah kesehatan gigi dan mulut masih menjadi tantangan serius di Indonesia, terutama pada anak usia sekolah. Salah satu upaya preventif yang dapat dilakukan adalah melalui pendidikan kesehatan gigi yang menarik dan sesuai dengan tahapan perkembangan anak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan efektivitas media permainan Monopoli Kesehatan Gigi (MOKEGI) dan video edukasi terhadap peningkatan pengetahuan kesehatan gigi dan mulut. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada siswa kelas 4-6 di SD Negeri Munte dengan prosedur berupa sosialisasi, pemberian pretest, pelaksanaan intervensi menggunakan media MOKEGI dan video edukasi, serta posttest. Uji Mann–Whitney menunjukkan nilai signifikansi 0,023 pada posttest, dengan rerata rank kelompok MOKEGI sebesar 28,94 dan kelompok video edukasi sebesar 20,06. Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna pada hasil pretest (p=0,473), yang mengindikasikan bahwa peningkatan pengetahuan berasal dari intervensi media edukasi yang diberikan. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah kedua media efektif meningkatkan pengetahuan peserta didik, namun permainan MOKEGI terbukti lebih efektif. Kata kunci: kesehatan gigi dan mulut; anak sekolah dasar; permainan edukatif; video edukasi
Copyright (c) 2026 Annisa P. Melandani, Wulan G. Parengkuan, Rizka Wahyuni https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Pengaruh Ekstrak Daun Sirih Merah (Piper crocatum) dalam Menghambat Pembentukan Biofilm Staphylococcus Aureus Secara In Vitro
Abstract: Periodontal disease is caused by the accumulation of plaque biofilm; one of the bacteria involved is Staphylococcus aureus. Red betel leaf (Piper crocatum) has potential as a therapeutic agent for various diseases, including oral cavity diseases. This study aimed to determine the effect of administering red betel leaf extract (EDSM) in inhibiting the formation of Staphylococcus aureus bacterial biofilms. This was a laboratory experimental study. The test group consisted of EDSM with concentrations of 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%, while the positive control used 0.2% chlorhexidine/ CHX, and 1% DMSO as a negative control. Red betel leaf extract was prepared using the 96% ethanol maceration method. Inhibition of biofilm formation was measured using the microtiter plate biofilm assay method with a wavelength of 595 nm. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test and the Mann-Whitney post hoc test. The results showed significant differences between the six groups. Post hoc test revealed significant differences between DMSO 1% vs CHX, DMSO 1% vs EDSM 50% concentration, DMSO 1% vs EDSM 25% concentration, CHX vs EDSM 100% concentration, CHX vs EDSM 75% concentration, CHX vs EDSM 50% concentration, CHX vs EDSM 25% concentration, and EDSM 75% vs EDSM 25% concentration with p values <0.05. In conclusion, red betel leaf extract is most effective in inhibiting Staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation at a concentration of 25%. Keywords: antibiofilm; red betel leaf extract; Staphylococcus aureus Abstrak: Penyakit periodontal disebabkan oleh akumulasi biofilm plak; salah satu bakteri yang berperan yaitu Staphylococcus aureus. Daun sirih merah (Piper crocatum) berpotensi sebagai agen terapi berbagai penyakit termasuk penyakit rongga mulut. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan efek pemberian ekstrak daun sirih merah (EDSM) dalam menghambat pembentukan biofilm bakteri S. aureus. Jenis penelitian ialah eksperimental laboratorium. Kelompok uji terdiri dari EDSM dengan konsentrasi 25%, 50%, 75%, dan 100%, sedangkan kontrol positif menggunakan klorheksidin/CHX 0,2%, dan DMSO 1% sebagai kontrol negatif. Ekstrak daun sirih merah dibuat menggunakan metode maserasi etanol 96%. Penghambatan pembentukan biofilm diukur menggunakan metode microtiter plate biofilm assay dengan panjang gelombang 595 nm. Data dianalisis dengan uji Kruskal-Wallis dan uji post hoc Mann-Whitney. Hasil analisis menunjukkan perbedaan bermakna antar enam kelompok. Uji post hoc mengungkapkan perbedaan bermakna antara DMSO 1% vs CHX, DMSO 1% vs EDSM konsentrasi 50%, DMSO 1% vs EDSM konsentrasi 25%, CHX vs EDSM konsentrasi 100%, CHX vs EDSM konsentrasi 75%, CHX vs EDSM konsentrasi 50%, CHX vs EDSM konsentrasi 25%, serta EDSM 75% vs EDSM 25% dengan nilai p<0,05. Simpulan penelitian ini yaitu EDSM paling efektif dalam menghambat pembentukan biofilm Staphylococcus aureus pada konsentrasi 25%. Kata kunci: antibiofilm; ekstrak daun sirih merah; Staphylococcus aureus
Copyright (c) 2026 Herryawan Herryawan, Azkya P. Nawawi, Vadya D. Rindiani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Faktor-Faktor Penghambat Kunjungan Masyarakat Desa ke Fasilitas Pelayanan Kesehatan Gigi dan Mulut
Abstract: The low rate of community visits to dental healthcare facilities is a significant public health concern, particularly in areas with high prevalence of dental problems. The gap between the need for treatment and the low utilization of services highlights the existence of problems that must be identified and addressed to ensure optimal access to dental healthcare for the community. This study aimed to identify the factors that hinder community visits to public health centers in accessing dental and oral healthcare services, particularly in areas with low visitation rates such as Desa Maen. This was a descriptive study with a cross-sectional approach, involving 88 respondents selected using the stratified proportional random sampling method. Data were collected using a checklist and analyzed descriptively. The factors hindering community visits to dental and oral healthcare facilities in Desa Maen included healthcare service factors (62.5%), economic factors (54.5%), knowledge-related factors (52.3%), geographical factors (47.7%), transportation factors (28.4%), and the lowest factor being other reasons (17.05%). In conclusion, healthcare service, economic, knowledge, geographical, transportation, and time factors are the main hindrances to community visits to dental and oral healthcare facilities at Desa Maen. Among these, the quality and availability of healthcare services represent the most significant hindrance. Keywords: hindering factors; community visit; dental healthcare facilities Abstrak: Rendahnya kunjungan masyarakat ke fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan gigi dan mulut menjadi permasalahan kesehatan masyarakat yang penting, terutama di wilayah dengan prevalensi masalah gigi dan mulut yang tinggi. Ketimpangan antara kebutuhan perawatan dan rendahnya pemanfaatan layanan menunjukkan adanya masalah yang perlu diidentifikasi dan diatasi agar masyarakat dapat memperoleh layanan kesehatan gigi yang optimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang menghambat kunjungan masyarakat ke puskesmas dalam mendapatkan pelayanan kesehatan gigi dan mulut, terutama daerah dengan angka kunjungan yang rendah seperti Desa Maen. Jenis penelitian ialah deskriptif dengan desain potong lintang. Responden ialah 88 anggota masyarakat Desa Maen, diambil berdasarkan metode stratified proportional random sampling. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan daftar tilik dan dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan faktor-faktor penghambat kunjungan masyarakat Desa Maen ke fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan gigi dan mulut, yaitu faktor pelayanan kesehatan (62,5%), faktor ekonomi (54,5%), faktor pengetahuan (52,3%), faktor geografis (47,7%), faktor transportasi (28,4%), dan yang paling rendah yakni faktor waktu (17,05%). Simpulan penelitian ini ialah pelayanan kesehatan, ekonomi, pengetahuan, geografis, transportasi, dan waktu merupakan faktor penghambat kunjungan masyarakat Desa Maen ke fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan gigi dan mulut. Pelayanan kesehatan ialah faktor penghambat terbesar kunjungan masyarakat ke fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan gigi dan mulut. Kata kunci: faktor penghambat; kunjungan masyarakat; fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan gigi dan mulut
Copyright (c) 2026 Cindy Lausa, Vonny N. S. Wowor, Dinar A. Wicaksono https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Antimicrobial Effects of Cassava Peel and Leaves against Oral Pathogens
Abstract: Cassava peel and leaves (Manihot esculenta Crantz) are agro-waste materials rich in secondary metabolites with potential antimicrobial properties. Research exploring their effects against oral pathogens remains limited. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial and antifungal activity of cassava peel and leaf extracts against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, and Candida albicans. This was a laboratory and experimental study. Samples of cassava leaves, outer and inner young peel (six months), outer and inner mature peel (10 months) were dried, powdered, and subjected to ethanol maceration. Phytochemical screening assessed flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, tannins, quinones, steroids, and triterpenoids. Antimicrobial activity was tested using the microdiffusion well method, and inhibition zones were measured in millimeters. Positive controls were chloramphenicol (for bacteria) and nystatin (for fungi). Negative control was sterile aquadest. The results showed that leaf extract produced inhibition zones of 8.90 mm (S. aureus), 6.00 mm (S. mutans and C. albicans). Peel extracts showed varying activity, with outer young peel (6 months) yielding 7.25 mm (S. aureus), 6 mm (S. mutans and C. albicans) and inner young peel (6 months) yielding 8.74 mm (S. aureus), 35.27 mm (S. mutans), 6 mm (C. albicans) while outer mature peel (10 months) yielding 6.13 mm (S. aureus), 6.00 mm (S. mutans and C. albicans) and inner mature peel (10 months) yielding 10.44 mm (S. aureus), 55.36 mm (S. mutans), 6 mm (C. albicans). Phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, and saponins in most of cassava peel and leave samples. In conclusion, cassava peel and leaf extracts exhibit antimicrobial activity against major oral pathogens, with inner mature peels (10 months) showing the strongest effect against Streptococcus mutans. These results support their potential use as natural antimicrobial agents in herbal oral care formulations. Keywords: antibacterial; cassava peel; cassava leaves; oral pathogens; phytochemicals
Copyright (c) 2026 Florencia L. Kurniawan, Octarina Octarina, Astri Rinanti, Komariah Komariah, Mark L. Lauw, Ilman N. Maulana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Uji Daya Hambat Ekstrak Daun Ketapang (Terminalia catappa L.) terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus
Abstract: Staphylococcus aureus belongs to the normal flora in the human body, however, it can become pathogenic when mucosal surfaces are subjected to trauma or abrasion. The ketapang plant (Terminalia catappa L.) contains antibacterial compounds such as flavonoids. This study aimed to identify the inhibitory effect of ketapang leaf extract on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus. The disk diffusion method was used for the antibacterial assay. Ketapang leaf samples were collected from Sindulang 2 area in Manado, macerated for three days, and prepared into extract concentrations of 70%, 80%, 90%, and 100%; each tested in four replications. The Staphylococcus aureus strain used was obtained from the culture collection of the Laboratory of the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences (FMIPA), Universitas Sam Ratulangi, Manado. The concentrations of 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% demonstrated antibacterial activity. The highest mean inhibition zone was observed at the 100% concentration with a diameter of 12.46 mm, while the lowest was at 70% with a diameter of 10.63 mm. The results indicate that ketapang leaf extract possesses inhibitory activity against the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, with higher concentrations producing larger zones of inhibition. Keywords: Staphylococcus aureus; ketapang leaves; inhibitory activity Abstrak: Staphylococcus aureus merupakan flora normal di tubuh manusia, tetapi dapat berubah menjadi patogen saat permukaan mukosa terkena trauma atau abrasi. Tanaman daun ketapang (Terminalia catappa L.) memiliki senyawa antibakteri seperti flavonoid. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi kemampuan ekstrak daun ketapang dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus. Pengujian ini menggunakan metode difusi cakram. Sampel daun ketapang diambil dari daerah Sindulang 2, Manado yang dimaserasi selama tiga hari dan dibuat menjadi konsentrasi 70%, 80%, 90%, dan 100% dengan empat kali pengulangan. Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus yang digunakan merupakan biakan Laboratorium Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam (FMIPA) Universitas Sam Ratulangi Manado. Hasil pengujian konsentrasi 25%, 50%, 75%, dan 100% menunjukkan aktivitas antibakteri. Rerata diameter terbesar terdapat pada konsentrasi 100% dengan nilai 12,46 mm dan rerata terkecil pada konsentrasi 70% dengan nilai 10,63 mm. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah ekstrak daun ketapang memiliki daya hambat terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus. Semakin tinggi konsentrasi, semakin besar zona hambat yang terbentuk. Kata kunci: Staphylococcus aureus; daun ketapang; daya hambat
Copyright (c) 2026 Meyke Widyaningrum, Damajanty H. C. Pangemanan, Christy N. Mintjelungan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Aplikasi Sinar Ultraviolet C terhadap Pertumbuhan Koloni Candida albicans
Abstract: Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) often involve Candida albicans as the dominant pathogen. Various sterilization and disinfection procedures using autoclaves, chlorhexidine gluconate, alcohol, and ultraviolet exposure can be employed to reduce the risk. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Ultraviolet C (UV-C, 254 nm) in reducing the number of C. albicans colonies. This was an experimental laboratory study using a pre- and post-test control group design. A total of 120 Petri dishes containing C. albicans cultures were divided into three groups (one control and two treatment groups with varying durations of UV-C exposure). Colony reduction was calculated manually by comparing the control group with the treatment groups. Analysis was conducted on 1×10⁴ CFU/mL and 1×105 CFU/mL suspensions. The results of the One-Way ANOVA showed a significant difference in the reduction of C. albicans colonies among the treatment groups. The longer the UV-C exposure duration, the greater the observed colony reduction. These findings reinforce the effectiveness of UV-C (254 nm) in reducing the viability of C. albicans with a duration-dependent response pattern. In conclusion, exposure to UV-C light (254 nm) is proven effective in reducing the number of Candida albicans colonies. The longer the duration of exposure, the greater the reduction in the colony count. Keywords: Candida albicans; ultraviolet C Abstrak: Infeksi terkait pelayanan kesehatan (HAIs) kerap melibatkan Candida albicans sebagai patogen dominan. Terdapat berbagai prosedur sterilisasi dan disinfeksi menggunakan autoklaf, klorheksidin glukonat, alkohol, dan paparan ultraviolet untuk menekan risiko tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kemampuan sinar ultraviolet spektrum C (UV-C, 254 nm) menurunkan jumlah koloni C. albicans. Jenis penelitian ialah eksperimental laboratorik dengan rancangan pre- and post-test control group. Sebanyak 120 cawan Petri berisi biakan C. albicans dibagi menjadi tiga kelompok (satu kontrol dan dua perlakuan dengan variasi durasi paparan UV-C). Penurunan jumlah koloni dihitung secara manual dengan membandingkan kelompok kontrol dan kelompok perlakuan. Analisis dilakukan pada suspensi 1×10⁴ CFU/mL dan 1×105 CFU/mL. Hasil One-Way ANOVA menunjukkan perbedaan penurunan jumlah koloni C. albicans yang bermakna antar kelompok perlakuan. Semakin lama durasi paparan UV-C, semakin besar reduksi koloni yang diamati. Temuan ini menguatkan efektivitas UV-C (254 nm) dalam menurunkan viabilitas C. albicans dengan pola respons bergantung durasi paparan. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah paparan sinar UV-C (254 nm) terbukti efektif menurunkan jumlah koloni Candida albicans. Semakin lama durasi paparan, semakin banyak jumlah koloni yang berkurang. Kata kunci: Candida albicans; ultraviolet C (UV-C); healthcare-associated infections
Copyright (c) 2026 Tira H. Skripsa, Gunawan Wibisono, Diah A. Purbaningrum, Yoghi B. Prabowo, Rizky M. Boedi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Uji Daya Hambat Ekstrak Daun Mangrove Sonneratia alba terhadap Pertumbuhan Candida albicans pada Gigi Tiruan Resin Akrilik
Abstract: Candida albicans is commonly found in denture wearers, particularly due to suboptimal denture hygiene. The porous surface of acrylic resin facilitates the colonization of C. albicans, making regular cleaning essential. Chemical cleaning methods, especially those using natural substances, are increasingly being developed as alternatives. The mangrove plant Sonneratia alba is known to contain bioactive compounds such as flavonoids and tannins, which have potential antifungal properties. This study aimed to evaluate the inhibitory effect of Sonneratia alba leaf extract on the growth of C. albicans on acrylic resin dentures. This was a true experimental laboratory study using a post-test control group design. The testing method employed was a modified Kirby-Bauer method. The test was conducted at concentrations of 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80%, along with positive and negative controls. The Shapiro-Wilk normality test showed a significance value p>0.05, indicating that the data were normally distributed. One-Way ANOVA revealed a significance value of p=0.000, indicating a significant difference between groups. The Tukey’s HSD test showed differences in the strength of inhibition among the treatment concentrations and control groups. In conclusion, Sonneratia alba mangrove leaf extract can inhibit the growth of Candida albicans on acrylic resin denture plates as indicated by the increase in the inhibition zone diameter with increasing extract concentrations. Keywords: Sonneratia alba; Candida albicans; acrylic resin denture Abstrak: Candida albicans sering ditemukan pada pengguna gigi tiruan, terutama akibat kebersihan gigi tiruan yang kurang optimal. Permukaan resin akrilik yang berpori memudahkan kolonisasi C. albicans, sehingga pembersihan rutin sangat diperlukan. Metode pembersihan kimiawi, khususnya dengan bahan alami, kini banyak dikembangkan sebagai alternatif. Tumbuhan mangrove Sonneratia alba diketahui mengandung senyawa bioaktif seperti flavonoid dan tanin yang berpotensi sebagai antijamur. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji daya hambat ekstrak daun mangrove Sonneratia alba terhadap pertumbuhan C. albicans pada gigi tiruan resin akrilik. Jenis penelitian ialah eksperimental murni berupa uji laboratorium menggunakan posttest control group design. Metode pengujian yang digunakan yaitu modifikasi Kirby-Bauer. Uji dilakukan pada konsentrasi 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, kontrol positif, dan kontrol negatif. Uji normalitas Shapiro-Wilk mendapatkan nilai signifikansi p>0,05, yang menunjukkan bahwa data terdistribusi secara normal. Uji One Way ANOVA menunjukkan nilai signifikansi p=0,000, yang berarti terdapat perbedaan bermakna antar kelompok. Uji Tukey’s HSD menunjukkan adanya perbedaan kekuatan daya hambat pada konsentrasi perlakuan dan kelompok kontrol. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah ekstrak daun mangrove Sonneratia alba dapat menghambat pertumbuhan jamur C. albicans pada plat gigi tiruan resin akrilik sebagaimana ditunjukkan oleh peningkatan diameter zona hambat seiring dengan bertambahnya konsentrasi ekstrak. Kata kunci: Sonneratia alba; Candida albicans; gigi tiruan resin akrilik
Copyright (c) 2026 Ivone B. P. Rumimper, Vonny N. S. Wowor, Janno B. B. Bernadus https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Pengaruh Mendengarkan Musik Ambient Terhadap Kecemasan Pasien Ekstraksi Gigi
Abstract: Tooth extraction is one of the dental procedures which can cause dental anxiety. Dental anxiety can be managed with non-pharmacological interventions such as ambient music. This study aimed to determine the effect of listening to ambient music on patients' anxiety during tooth extraction procedures. This was a true experimental study. Respondents were 30 patients at Tuminting Health Center in Manado, aged 18–59 years, consisting of nine patients who had never undergone tooth extraction and 21 patients who had previously undergone tooth extraction, selected using purposive sampling according to inclusion criteria. Among respondents who had never undergone tooth extraction, the first measurement showed that 44.44% were in low anxiety category, 55.55% in the second measurement, and 66.67% in the third measurement. For moderate anxiety category, the first measurement showed 55.55%, the second measurement 44.44%, and the third measurement 33.33%. Among respondents who had undergone tooth extraction, the first measurement showed low anxiety category was 28.57%, the second measurement was 42.86%, and the third measurement was 28.57%. The moderate anxiety category was 57.14% in the first measurement, 42.86% in the second measurement, and 71.43% in the third measurement. For the high anxiety category, the first and second measurements were 14.28%, and the third measurement was 0%. The Friedman test results showed significant differences in anxiety levels before, during, and after the intervention of ambient music, with an Asymp. Sig. value of 0.001 (<0.05). In conclusion, listening to ambient music effectively reduces anxiety in patients undergoing tooth extraction. Keywords: dental extraction; dental anxiety; ambient music Abstrak: Ekstraksi gigi merupakan salah satu perawatan yang dapat menyebabkan kecemasan dental. Kecemasan dental dapat ditangani dengan intervensi nonfarmakologis seperti menggunakan musik ambient. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh mendengarkan musik ambient terhadap kecemasan pasien saat tindakan ekstraksi gigi. Jenis penelitian ini true experimental. Sampel penelitian berusia 18–59 tahun berjumlah 30 orang pasien di Puskesmas Tuminting Kota Manado, terdiri atas sembilan pasien yang belum pernah menjalani tindakan ekstraksi gigi dan 21 pasien yang sudah pernah menjalani tindakan ekstraksi gigi, diambil dengan purposive sampling sesuai kriteria inklusi. Pada responden yang belum pernah ekstraksi gigi, hasil pengukuran pertama mendapatkan kategori cemas rendah sebesar 44,44%, pengukuran kedua 55,55%, dan pengukuran ketiga 66,67%. Untuk kategori cemas sedang pada pengukuran pertama 55,55%, pengukuran kedua 44,44%, dan pengukuran ketiga 33,33%. Pada responden yang sudah pernah ekstraksi gigi, hasil pengukuran pertama mendapatkan kategori cemas rendah sebesar 28,57%, pengukuran kedua 42,86%, dan pengukuran ketiga 28,57%. Untuk kategori cemas sedang, pengukuran pertama 57,14%, pengukuran kedua 42,86%, pengukuran ketiga 71,43%, sedangkan untuk kategori cemas tinggi, pengukuran pertama dan kedua 14,28% dan pengukuran ketiga 0%. Hasil uji Friedman menunjukkan perbedaan hasil sebelum, saat, dan setelah intervensi menggunakan musik ambient dengan nilai Asymp. Sig. 0,001 (<0,05). Simpulan penelitian ini ialah mendengarkan musik ambient berpengaruh menurunkan kecemasan pasien ekstraksi gigi. Kata kunci: ekstraksi gigi; kecemasan dental; musik ambient
Copyright (c) 2026 Elaine S. A. Wanok, Vonny N. S. Wowor, Crista G. Sekeon https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0