Teori Personal Space pada Jarak Interaksi Sosial antar Pengunjung di Ruang Publik Kota Tua Manado

Abstract

This study analyzes the application of Personal Space concept in understanding the comfortable distance between visitors in the public space of Kota Tua Manado, which transforms from a commercial area during the day into a culinary and social interaction area at night. Using a qualitative descriptive method through field observation, the findings indicate that the interaction distances among visitors generally fall within the personal and social distance categories, yet still provide a high level of social comfort despite spatial density. This reflects the collective and adaptive spatial perception of Manadonese society toward physical proximity, influenced by local culture and the dense residential environment surrounding the area. These findings serve as an important foundation for designing public spaces that are more contextual, inclusive, and socially responsive to community behavior.