Adaptive Strategies of The Javan Myna [Acridotheres javanicus (Cabanis, 1851)] in Manado City and North Minahasa Regency, North Sulawesi Province, Indonesia
Kata Kunci:
Acridotheres javanicus, synanthropic adaptive strategy, use of human infrastructure, ad libitum sampling (exploration survey), Manado and North MinahasaAbstrak
Urbanization provides anthropogenic food subsidies and artificial structures that can be exploited by commensal birds. This study examines the adaptive strategies of the Javan myna (Acridotheres javanicus) in Manado City and North Minahasa Regency, and discusses potential implications for a putative competitor, the Asian glossy starling (Aplonis panayensis). Surveys were conducted in 2023 and 2025 using exploration-based ad libitum sampling across residential areas, roadsides, church towers, and swiftlet buildings; each encounter recorded habitat type, group size, and activity. Across 41 encounter records, 212 individuals were identified (median group size = 2; mean = 5.17; maximum = 65). Encounters were dominated by residential areas (32 records; 179 individuals), with churches/towers functioning as recurrent nodes (17 records; 78 individuals) and strong use of attics/cavities (5 records; 82 individuals). Perching was the most frequent activity (19 records), whereas breeding was observed less often (4 records) but involved 50 individuals; foraging on garbage/food scraps was recorded in 5 records. These findings indicate that local synanthropic strategies are shaped by the combined effects of access to infrastructure (churches, attics, swiftlet buildings, cables) and anthropogenic food subsidies. Continued monitoring is needed to evaluate population dynamics and potential spatial–trophic overlap with Aplonis.
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