Hubungan Antara Kadar Debu, Masa Kerja, Penggunaan Masker Dan Merokok Dengan Kejadian Pneumokoniosis Pada Pekerja Pengumpul Semen Di Unit Pengantongan Semen PT. Tonasa Line Kota Bitung

Abstract

Abstrak

Menurut International Labour Organization (ILO), suatu kelainan yang terjadi akibat penumpukan debu dalam paru yang menyebabkan reaksi jaringan terhadap debu tersebut dikenal dengan pneumokoniosis. Ada beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhi saluran pernapasan dan gangguan fungsi paru. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi saluran pernapasan dan gangguan fungsi paru khususnya dari aspek tenaga kerja dapat berasal dari dalam diri manusia (faktor internal) dan dari luar manusia (faktor eksternal). Faktor internal meliputi sistem pertahanan paru baik secara anatomis maupun fisiologis, umur, jenis kelamin, riwayat penyakit yang pernah diderita, status gizi dan kerentanan individu. Faktor eksternal meliputi riwayat pekerjaan, kebiasaan merokok, kebiasaan olahraga, penggunaan alat pelindung pernapasan, lingkungan, paparan debu, dan masa kerja. Penelitian dilakukan pada Februari sampai Maret 2015. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh pekerja pengumpul semen di Unit Pengantongan Semen PT. Tonasa Line Kota Bitung. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah total populasi, yaitu berjumlah 38 pekerja. Data diperoleh dari hasil pengukuran Personal Dust Sampler (PDS), kuesioner, dan pemeriksaan foto toraks pekerja. Data diolah melalui tahapan editing, coding, processing dan cleaning serta analisis data univariat, bivariat dan multivariat. Hasil analisis bivariat menunjukkan bahwa 3 dari 4 variabel yang diteliti berhubungan dengan kejadian pneumokoniosis, yaitu variabel kadar debu, masa kerja dan merokok. Hasil analisis multivariat menunjukkan bahwa masa kerja merupakan variabel yang paling dominan diikuti variabel merokok.

Kata kunci:  Pneumokoniosis, Kadar Debu, Masa Kerja, Masker, Merokok

Abstract

According to the International Labour Organization (ILO), a disorder that occurs due to accumulation of dust in the lungs that causes the tissue reaction to the dust known as pneumoconiosis. There are several factors that affect the respiratory tract and impaired pulmonary function. Factors that affect the respiratory tract and lung function impairment, especially from the aspect of workers may come from within human beings (internal factors) and from beyond the human (external factors). Internal factors include the lung's defense system both anatomically and physiologically, age, gender, medical history that ever suffered, nutrition and individual susceptibility. External factors include employment history, smoking habits, exercise habits, use of respiratory protective equipment, environment, exposure to dust, and work period. The study was conducted in February and March 2015. The population in this study were all cement collector workers at cement packing unit PT. Tonasa Line Bitung. The sample in this study was the total population, which amounted to 38 workers. Data obtained from the measurement results Personal Dust Sampler (PDS), questionnaires, and chest X-ray examination of workers. The data is processed through the stages of editing, coding, processing and cleaning as well as data analysis of univariate, bivariate and multivariate. Bivariate analysis showed that 3 of the 4 variables studied related to the incidence of pneumoconiosis, which is variable level of dust, work period and smoking. Multivariate analysis showed that the work period is the most dominant variable followed by variable smoking.

Keyword:              Pneumoconiosis, Level of Dust, Work Period, Mask, Smoking.