HUBUNGAN KECANDUAN INTERNET DENGAN KUALITAS TIDUR PADA SISWA SMA KRISTEN 1 TOMOHON
Abstract
Abstract: The popularity of internet as a media of communication and entertainment has made the internet to be a part of many people’s daily lives and it has therefore raised the risk of internet addiction. People with internet addiction especially children and adolescents have a higher risk of having sleep problems. Lack of sleep can affect a person’s performance and it can also cause several health problems. Internet Addiction may be one of the factors that impacts sleep quality. This study aimed to examine the correlation between internet addiction and sleep quality on highschool students in Christian senior Highschool 1 in Tomohon.The nature of this research is analytics with cross sectional design model. The sample used on this research is the students in Christian Senior Highschool 1 in Tomohon that is randomly selected with the stratified random sampling technique. The research was conducted on 93 students using the Internet Addiction Test questionnaire (IAT) to measure the level of internet addiction and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index questionnaire (PSQI) to assess sleep quality of the students. Statistical analysis is achieved through spearman’s correlation approach. The result of data analysis shows a significance or pvalue of 0.018 and a correlation power or r of 0.245. with a pvalue of 0,018 (pvalue <0,05) and a correlation power of 0.245, it can be concluded that there is a weak correlation between internet addiction and sleep quality on Highschool students in Christian senior Highschool 1 in Tomohon. 78.5% of students have a moderate internet addiction and for sleep quality, 62.4% students have a bad sleep quality. Conclusion: There is a weak positive correlation between internet addiction and sleep quality on Highschool students in Christian senior Highschool 1 of Tomohon. Most of the students are moderately addicted to the internet and most of them also have a bad sleep quality.
Keywords: Internet Addiction, Highschool Students, Sleep Quality,
Â
Abstrak: Popularitas internet sebagai media komunikasi dan hiburan membuat internet menjadi bagian dari kehidupan sehari-hari oleh banyak orang sehingga meningkatkan risiko kecanduan internet.Orang dengan kecanduan internet khususnya remaja dan anak-anak memiliki risiko yang lebih tinggi mengalami masalah tidur. Kekurangan tidur bisa mempengaruhi performa dari seseorang dan bisa menimbulkan berbagai masalah kesehatan. Kecanduan internet dapat menjadi salah satu penyebab yang mempengaruhi kualitas tidur. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan kecanduan internet dengan kualitas tidur pada siswa SMA Kristen 1 Tomohon.Jenis penelitian adalah penilitian yang bersifat analitik dengan desain potong lintang (cross sectional). Sampel yang digunakan adalah siswa SMA Kristen 1 Tomohon yang dipilih secara acak dengan teknik stratified random sampling. Penelitian dilakukan pada 93 siswa dengan menggunakan kuesioner Internet Addiction Test (IAT) untuk mengukur tingkat kecanduan internet dan kuesioner Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) untuk menilai kualitas tidur siswa SMA Kristen 1 Tomohon. Analisis Uji statistik yang digunakan adalah uji korelasi Spearman.Setelah dilakukan analisis data didapatkan hasil pvalue = 0,018 (pvalue< 0,05)dan r = 0,245 (korelasi lemah) sehingga bisa disimpulkan bahwa terdapat hubungan lemah antara kecanduan internet dengan kualitas tidur pada siswa SMA Kristen 1 Tomohon. Tingkat kecanduan internet terbanyak adalah tingkat sedang yaitu sebanyak 78,5%. Untuk kualitas tidur, sebanyak 62,4% siswa memiliki kualitas tidur yang buruk. Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan positif dengan tingkat korelasi lemah antara kecanduan internet dengan kualitas tidur pada siswa SMA Kristen 1 Tomohon. Sebagian besar siswa memiliki kecanduan internet tingkat sedang dan sebagian besar siswa juga memiliki kualitas tidur yang buruk.
Kata kunci: Kecanduan Internet, Kualitas Tidur, Siswa SMA
References
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Griffiths M. Internet addiction-time to be taken seriously? Addict Res Theory. 2000;8(5):413-418.
Asosiasi Penyelenggara Jasa Internet Indonesia. Penetrasi dan perilaku pengguna internet Indonesia.
https://apjii.or.id/survei2017. Published 2017.
Cheng C, Li AY. Internet Addiction Prevalence and Quality of (Real) Life: A Meta-Analysis of 31 Nations Across Seven World Regions. Cyberpsychology, Behav Soc Netw. 2014;17(12):755-760. doi:10.1089/cyber.2014.0317
Young K. Internet addiction : emergence of new clinical disorder. Cyberpsychology Behav. 1998.
Griffiths MD. Internet Addiction: Fact or Fiction? Psychologist. 1999;12:246-250.
Davis RA. A cognitive-behavioral model of pathological Internet use. Comput Human Behav. 2001;17(2):187-195. doi:10.1016/S0747-5632(00)00041-8
Caplan SE. Preference for Online Social Interaction. Communic Res. 2003;30(6):625-648. doi:10.1177/0093650203257842
Scherer K. college life on-line : healthy and unhealthy internet use. J Coll Stud Dev. 1997;38:655-665.
Li S-M, Chung T-M. Internet function and Internet addictive behavior. Comput Human Behav. 2006;22(6):1067-1071. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2004.03.030
Salicetia F. Internet Addiction Disorder (IAD). Procedia - Soc Behav Sci. 2015;191:1372-1376. doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.04.292
Chen Y-L, Gau SS-F. Sleep problems and internet addiction among children and adolescents: a longitudinal study. J Sleep Res. 2016;25(4):458-465. doi:10.1111/jsr.12388
National heart, lung and blood institute. Sleep deprivation and deficiency. https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/sleep-deprivation-and-deficiency. Accessed September 4, 2018.
National Heart, Lung and BI. At a glance : Healthy Sleep. https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/files/docs/public/sleep/healthy_sleep_atglance.pdf. Published 2009. Accessed May 30, 2012.
Talbot LS, McGlinchey EL, Kaplan KA, Dahl RE, Harvey AG. Sleep deprivation in adolescents and adults: Changes in affect. Emotion. 2010;10(6):831-841. doi:10.1037/a0020138
Taheri S, Lin L, Austin D, Young T, Mignot E. Short Sleep Duration Is Associated with Reduced Leptin, Elevated Ghrelin, and Increased Body Mass Index. Froguel P, ed. PLoS Med. 2004;1(3):e62. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0010062
Gangwisch JE, Malaspina D, Boden-Albala B, Heymsfield SB. Inadequate sleep as a risk factor for obesity: analyses of the NHANES I. Sleep. 2005;28(10):1289-1296. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16295214.
Spiegel K, Knutson K, Lepoult R, Tasali E, Cauter E Van. Sleep loss: a novel risk factor for insulin resistance and Type 2 diabetes. J Appl Physiol. 2005;99(5):2008-2019. doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00660.2005
Tavernier R, Willoughby T. Sleep prolems: predictor or outcome of media use among emerging adults at university? J Sleep Res. 2014;23(4):389-396. doi:10.1111/jsr.12132
Kim Y, Park JY, Kim SB, Jung I-K, Lim YS, Kim J-H. The effects of Internet addiction on the lifestyle and dietary behavior of Korean adolescents. Nutr Res Pract. 2010;4(1):51. doi:10.4162/nrp.2010.4.1.51
Yen C-F, Ko C-H, Yen J-Y, Cheng C-P. The multidimensional correlates associated with short nocturnal sleep duration and subjective insomnia among Taiwanese adolescents. Sleep. 2008;31(11):1515-1525. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19014071.
Choi K, Son H, Park M, et al. Internet overuse and excessive daytime sleepiness in adolescents. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2009;63(4):455-462. doi:10.1111/j.1440-1819.2009.01925.x
Chuang Y-C. Massively multiplayer online role-playing game-induced seizures: a neglected health problem in Internet addiction. Cyberpsychol Behav. 2006;9(4):451-456. doi:10.1089/cpb.2006.9.451
Maulida R, Sari H. Kaitan Internet Addiction dan Kualitas Tidur Pada Mahasiswa Fakultas Keperawatan. J Ilm Mhs Fak Keperawatan Univ Syiah Kuala. 2017;2.
Musfirotun A. Hubungan Intensitas penggunaan internet dengan kualitas tidur pada mahasiswa semester VI di sekolah tinggi ilmu kesehatan majapahit mojokerto. 2014.
Anggraeni M, Husain AN, Arifin S. Hubungan Tipe Kepribadian Introvert dengan Kecanduan Internet Pada Siswa Kelas X SMAN 1 Banjarmasin. Berk Kedokt. 2014;10:1-8.
Sari AP, Ilyas A, Ifdil I. Tingkat Kecanduan Internet Pada Remaja Awal. J Penelit Pendidik Indones. 2017;3.
Hawi NS. Internet addiction among adolescents in Lebanon. Comput Human Behav. 2012;28(3):1044-1053. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2012.01.007
Al-Shdayfat N, Hawi N, Hamadneh S, Albnian F, Alzyoud S, Logue T. Internet Addiction among School Adolescents in Northeastern Jordan. World J Med Sci. 2016;13(4):218-224.
Anusha Prabhakaran M, Patel Vr, Ganjiwale Dj, Nimbalkar Ms. Factors associated with internet addiction among school-going adolescents in Vadodara. J Fam Med Prim Care. 2016;5(4):765. doi:10.4103/2249-4863.201149
Ac-Nikolic E, Zaric D, Niciforovic-Surkovic O. Prevalence of internet addiction among schoolchildren in Novi Sad. Srp Arh Celok Lek. 2015;143(11-12):719-725. doi:10.2298/SARH1512719A
JOHANSSON A, GOTESTAM KG. Internet addiction: Characteristics of a questionnaire and prevalence in Norwegian youth (12-18 years). Scand J Psychol. 2004;45(3):223-229. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9450.2004.00398.x
Lam LT, Peng Z, Mai J, Jing J. Factors Associated with Internet Addiction among Adolescents. CyberPsychology Behav. 2009;12(5).
Yen C-F, Ko C-H, Yen J-Y, Chang Y-P, Cheng C-P. Multi-dimensional discriminative factors for Internet addiction among adolescents regarding gender and age. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2009;63(3):357-364. doi:10.1111/j.1440-1819.2009.01969.x
Shirinkam MS, Shahsavarani AM, Leila, et al. Internet addiction antecendants: Self-control as a predictor. Int J Med Res Heal Sci. 2016;5(5):143-151. https://www.ijmrhs.com/medical-research/internet-addiction-antecendants-selfcontrol-as-a-predictor.pdf.
Bani Ismail A, Zawahreh N. Self-control and its Relationship with the Internet Addiction among a Sample of Najran University Students. J Educ Hum Dev. 2017;6(1). doi:10.15640/jehd.v6n2a18
Ferraro G, Caci B, D’Amico A, Blasi M Di. Internet Addiction Disorder: An Italian Study. CyberPsychology Behav. 2007;10(2):170-175. doi:10.1089/cpb.2006.9972
BAKKEN IJ, WENZEL HG, GÖTESTAM KG, JOHANSSON A, ØREN A. Internet addiction among Norwegian adults: A stratified probability sample study. Scand J Psychol. 2009;50(2):121-127. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9450.2008.00685.x
Yen J-Y, Yen C-F, Chen C-C, Chen S-H, Ko C-H. Family Factors of Internet Addiction and Substance Use Experience in Taiwanese Adolescents. CyberPsychology Behav. 2007;10(3):323-329. doi:10.1089/cpb.2006.9948
Durkee T, Kaess M, Carli V, et al. Prevalence of pathological internet use among adolescents in Europe: demographic and social factors. Addiction. 2012;107(12):2210-2222. doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2012.03946.x
Ha Y-M, Hwang WJ. Gender Differences in Internet Addiction Associated with Psychological Health Indicators Among Adolescents Using a National Web-based Survey. Int J Ment Health Addict. 2014;12(5):660-669. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11469-014-9500-7.
Kim D, Nam JK, Oh J, Kang MC. A latent profile analysis of the interplay between PC and smartphone in problematic internet use. Comput Human Behav. 2016;56:360-368. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2015.11.009
Lachmann B, Sariyska R, Kannen C, Cooper A, Montag C. Life satisfaction and problematic Internet use: Evidence for gender specific effects. Psychiatry Res. 2016;238:363-367. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2016.02.017
Müller KW, Dreier M, Beutel ME, Duven E, Giralt S, Wölfling K. A hidden type of internet addiction? Intense and addictive use of social networking sites in adolescents. Comput Human Behav. 2016;55:172-177. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2015.09.007
Shayeq S, Azad H, Bahrami H. Internet addiction and its relation to personality characteristics of youth in Tehran, Iran. Sci J Princ Ment Heal. 2009;42(11):149-158.
Shek DTL, Yu L. Adolescent Internet Addiction in Hong Kong: Prevalence, Change, and Correlates. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol. 2016;29(1):S22-S30. doi:10.1016/j.jpag.2015.10.005
Tekkanat E, Topaloglu M. The Assessment of High Schoolers’ Internet Addiction. Procedia - Soc Behav Sci. 2015;205:664-670. doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.09.104
Lin M-P, Ko H-C, Wu JY-W. Prevalence and Psychosocial Risk Factors Associated with Internet Addiction in a Nationally Representative Sample of College Students in Taiwan. Cyberpsychology, Behav Soc Netw. 2011;14(12):741-746. doi:10.1089/cyber.2010.0574
Dufour M, Brunelle N, Tremblay J, et al. Gender Difference in Internet Use and Internet Problems among Quebec High School Students. Can J Psychiatry. 2016;61(10):663-668. doi:10.1177/0706743716640755
Imhof M, Vollmeyer R, Beierlein C. Computer use and the gender gap: The issue of access, use, motivation, and performance. Comput Human Behav. 2007;23(6):2823-2837. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2006.05.007
Jones S, Johnson-Yale C, Millermaier S, Pérez FS. U.S. College Students’ Internet Use: Race, Gender and Digital Divides. J Comput Commun. 2009;14(2):244-264. doi:10.1111/j.1083-6101.2009.01439.x
Liang L, Zhou D, Yuan C, Shao A, Bian Y. Gender differences in the relationship between internet addiction and depression: A cross-lagged study in Chinese adolescents. Comput Human Behav. 2016;63:463-470. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2016.04.043
Volkow ND, Wise RA. How can drug addiction help us understand obesity? Nat Neurosci. 2005;8(5):555-560. doi:10.1038/nn1452
Lester D. Access to gambling opportunities and compulsive gambling. Int J Addict. 1994;29(12):1611-1616. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7836022.
Pearce J, Mason K, Hiscock R, Day P. A national study of neighbourhood access to gambling opportunities and individual gambling behaviour. J Epidemiol Community Heal. 2008;62(10):862-868. doi:10.1136/jech.2007.068114
Wilson DH, Gilliland J, Ross NA, Derevensky J, Gupta R. Video lottery terminal access and gambling among high school students in Montréal. Can J Public Health. 2006;97(3):202-206. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16827406.
RE M. Availability As A Law of Addiction. Addiction. 2005;100(7):924-925. doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2005.01146.x
Luthfi M, Azmi S, Erkadius E. Hubungan Kualitas Tidur dengan Tekanan Darah pada Pelajar Kelas 2 SMA Negeri 10 Padang. J Kesehat Andalas. 2017;6(2). http://jurnal.fk.unand.ac.id/index.php/jka/article/view/698.
Ganda HA. Hubungan Kecanduan Penggunaan Smartphone dengan Kualitas Tidur Pada Remaja di SMAN 9 Padang Tahun 2016. Diploma Thesis Univ Andalas. 2016. http://scholar.unand.ac.id/21563/.
Pratiaksa A. Hubungan Kualitas Tidur dengan Kapasitas Memori Kerja Siswa Sekolah Menengah Atas. Other thesis, Univ Sebel Maret. 2015. https://eprints.uns.ac.id/17412/.
Sabiq A, Fitriany J, Mauliza. Hubungan Kualitas Tidur Dengan Peningkatan Tekanan Darah Pada Remaja Di Sekolah Menengah Atas (SMA) Negeri 2 Lhokseumawe. Univ Malikussaleh. 2017. http://ojs.unimal.ac.id/index.php/averrous/article/view/447/370.
Carskadon MA. Sleep in Adolescents: The Perfect Storm. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2011;58(3):637-647. doi:10.1016/j.pcl.2011.03.003
Lazaratou H, Dikeos DG, Anagnostopoulos DC, Sbokou O, Soldatos CR. Sleep problems in adolescence A study of senior high school students in Greece. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2005;14(4):237-243. doi:10.1007/s00787-005-0460-0
Bailly D, Bailly-Lambin I, Querleu D, Beuscart R, Collinet C. Sleep in adolescents and its disorders. A survey in schools. Encephale. 2004;30(4):352-359. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15538310.
Jimenez MAG, Aguilar FS, Almonacid FMR, Aznar MLM. The prevalence of sleep disorders among adolescents in Cuenca, Spain. Aten Primaria. 2005;35(8):408-414.
Meltzer LJ, Avis KT, Biggs S, Reynolds AC, Crabtree VM, Bevans KB. The Children’s Report of Sleep Patterns (CRSP): A Self-Report Measure of Sleep for School-Aged Children. J Clin Sleep Med. March 2013. doi:10.5664/jcsm.2486
Guo L, Deng J, He Y, et al. Prevalence and correlates of sleep disturbance and depressive symptoms among Chinese adolescents: a cross-sectional survey study. BMJ Open. 2014;4(7):e005517-e005517. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2014-005517
Short MA, Gradisar M, Wright H, Lack LC, Dohnt H, Carskadon MA. Time for Bed: Parent-Set Bedtimes Associated with Improved Sleep and Daytime Functioning in Adolescents. Sleep. 2011;34(6):797-800. doi:10.5665/SLEEP.1052
Cain N, Gradisar M. Electronic media use and sleep in school-aged children and adolescents: A review. Sleep Med. 2010;11(8):735-742. doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2010.02.006
Zhang MWB, Tran BX, Huong LT, et al. Internet addiction and sleep quality among Vietnamese youths. Asian J Psychiatr. 2017;28:15-20. doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2017.03.025
