HUBUNGAN FAKTOR-FAKTOR RISIKO DENGAN STUNTING PADA ANAK USIA 3-5 TAHUN DI TK/PAUD KECAMATAN TUMINTING
Abstract
Abstract : Stunting is a condition of child growth rate retardation caused by a chronic malnutrition and/or a recurring infection which causes children being too short for their age. Stunting in children aged 3-5 years will have an impact on the quality of human resources. Indonesia is the fifth highest country with stunting prevalence, and the results from 2017 nutritional status monitoring show that 31.4% of children in North Sulawesi and 31.9% of children in Manado city are stunted. Stunting is caused by a multidimensional factor such as the parent's income, exclusive breastfeeding, diarrhea infection, and acute respiratory infections. This study aims to determine the correlation of stunting and its risk factors on children aged from 3 to 5 years old on kindergarten in Tuminting district. This research was conducted using the analytical method and cross-sectional research design with a sample size of 80 children with age ranging from 3 to 5 years old. Bivariate data analysis used the chi-square () test. The significance is used if p < 0,05.
The research samples that met the inclusion criteria were 80 samples consisting of 28 stunting and 52 not stunting. Based on the research it was found that there was a significant correlation between the income of parents and the occurrence of stunting (p<0,0001). However, there is no correlation between exclusive breastfeeding (p=0,062), diarrhea infection (p=0,150), and acute respiratory infections (p=0,162) with the occurrence of stunting on children aged 3 to 5 years old. This study demonstrates there is a significant correlation between a parent's income risk factor and stunting. Where the lower the parent's income, the higher the risk of stunting happening.
Keywords : acute respiratory infection, breastfeeding, diarrhea, parent's income, Stunting.
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Abstrak : Stunting adalah kondisi gagal tumbuh pada anak yang merupakan akibat dari kekurangan gizi kronis dan/atau infeksi berulang yang menyebabkan anak terlalu pendek untuk usianya.  Stunting pada anak usia 3-5 tahun akan berdampak pada kualitas sumber daya manusia (SDM). Indonesia merupakan negara ke-5 tertinggi dengan prevalensi stunting, dan di Sulawesi Utara hasil pemantauan status gizi (PSG) 2017 berada di angka 31,4%, serta di Kota Manado, ada 31,9% anak stunting. Stunting disebabkan oleh faktor multi dimensi, seperti penghasilan orang tua, ASI eksklusif, riwayat infeksi diare dan ISPA. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan faktor-faktor risiko dengan stunting pada anak usia 3-5 tahun di TK/PAUD Kecamatan Tuminting. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode analitik dan desain penelitian cross sectional atau potong lintang. Dengan jumlah sampel 80 anak usia 3-5 tahun. Analisis data bivariate digunakan uji chi square (). Kemaknaan yang digunakan bila p < 0,05.
Sampel penelitian yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi berjumlah 80 sampel terdiri dari 28 stunting dan 52 tidak stunting. Berdasarkan penelitian didapatkan adanya hubungan yang bermakna antara penghasilan orang tua dengan kejadian stunting (p<0,0001). Namun, tidak terdapat hubungan ASI eksklusif (p=0,062), riwayat infeksi diare (p=0,150) dan ISPA (p=0,162) dengan kejadian stunting pada anak usia 3-5 tahun. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara faktor risiko penghasilan orang tua dengan stunting. Dimana, semakin rendah penghasilan orang tua maka risiko terjadinya stunting semakin tinggi.
Kata kunci : ASI, diare, ISPA, penghasilan orangtua, Stunting.
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