FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMENGARUHI MINAT IMUNISASI MEASLES RUBELLA (MR) DI KECAMATAN MALALAYANG, MANADO
Abstract
Abstract: Measles, or what is known in the Indonesian language Campak, and Rubella, or Campak Jerman, are two infectious diseases that are highly contagious but can be prevented by immunization. In 2017, Indonesia holds a campaign to eradicate measles virus and control the rubella virus by holding phase I immunization in 2017 on Java, and phase II in 2018 outside Java. However, the incidence of both diseases is still high, and even though it has exceeded the target in phase I, immunization is still reaping a lot of contra. The influence of education level, knowledge of immunization, and age of parents and birth order has been formulated as the reason for the many factors that influence the interest in immunization. This study aims to determine how the influence of education level, knowledge of MR immunization, and age of parents, as well as the order of birth of children to interest in MR immunization in Malalayang District, Manado City. The type of research used was analytic observational survey with cross-sectional design and used a multistage sampling sampling technique with a minimum of 44 samples who met the criteria of parents of children aged 9 months to less than 15 years who visited the Bahu and Minanga Health Centers and parents of students from SD Negeri Malalayang and SD GMIM 20 Malalayang through surveys using questionnaires as research instruments. The results of the study were 105 respondents with 78.1% interest in immunization, and 21.9% were not interested. The study also did not find any significant influence between the level of education of mother and father (p = 0.687 and 0.729), knowledge of MR immunization (p = 0.36), age of mother and father (p = 0.58 and 0.792), and birth order of the children (p = 1.00) on MR immunization interest in Malalayang District, Manado City. There were no factors, whether knowledge of MR immunization, level of education and age of parents, and order of birth of children, which affected the interest in MR immunization in Malalayang District, Manado City.
Keywords: immunization, MR, knowledge, education, parental age, birth order
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Abstrak: Measles, atau yang dikenal dalam Bahasa Indonesia campak, dan Rubella, atau campak Jerman, merupakan dua penyakit infeksi yang sangat menular tetapi dapat dicegah dengan imunisasi. Pada tahun 2017, Indonesia mengadakan kampanye pemberantasan virus measles dan pengontrolan virus rubella dengan mengadakan imunisasi fase I pada tahun 2017 di Pulau Jawa, dan fase II pada tahun 2018 di luar Pulau Jawa. Namun, insiden kedua penyakit masih tinggi, dan walaupun telah melebihi target pada fase I, imunisasi masih menuai banyak kontra. Pengaruh tingkat pendidikan, pengetahuan akan imunisasi, dan umur dari orang tua serta urutan kelahiran telah dirumuskan sebagai alasan dari sekian banyak faktor yang mempengaruhi minat imunisasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana pengaruh tingkat pendidikan, pengetahuan akan imunisasi MR, dan umur orang tua, serta urutan kelahiran anak terhadap minat imunisasi MR di Kecamatan Malalayang, Manado. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan bersifat survei analitik observasional dengan desain penelitian potong lintang (Cross-sectional) dan menggunakan teknik pengambilan sampel multistage sampling dengan minimal 44 orang sampel yang memenuhi kriteria orang tua dari anak berusia 9 bulan hingga kurang dari 15 tahun yang berkunjung di Puskesmas Bahu, dan Puskesmas Minanga serta orang tua murid dari SD Negeri Malalayang dan SD GMIM 20 Malalayang melalui survei menggunakan kuesioner sebagai instrumen penelitian. Hasil penelitian diperoleh sebanyak 105 responden, dengan minat imunisasi sebanyak 78.1%, dan tidak menemukan adanya pengaruh yang signifikan antara tingkat pendidikan (p=0.687 dan 0.729), pengetahuan akan imunisasi MR (p=0.36), umur orang tua (p=0.58 dan 0.792), dan urutan kelahiran anak (p=1.00) terhadap minat imunisasi MR di Kecamatan Malalayang, Manado. Tidak ada faktor-faktor, baik itu pengetahuan akan imunisasi MR, tingkat pendidikan dan umur orang tua, serta urutan kelahiran anak, yang berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap minat imunisasi MR di Kecamatan Malalayang, Manado.
Kata kunci: imunisasi, MR, pengetahuan, pendidikan, umur, urutan kelahiran
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