UJI LATIH DAN PERESEPAN LATIHAN PADA PENDERITA DENGAN PENYAKIT PARU OBSTRUKTIF KRONIK
Abstract
PPOK atau penyakit paru obstruktif kronik adalah penyakit paru yang ditandai dengan adanya hambatan aliran udara di saluran napas yang bersifat progresif nonreversibel atau reversibel parsial. PPOK terdiri dari bronkitis kronik dan emfisema atau gabungan keduanya. Hambatan aliran udara ini biasanya bersifat persisten dan terkait dengan respon inflamasi dari paru akibat dari gas atau partikel berbahaya. Muncul berbagai akibat yang ditimbulkan karena adanya respon inflamasi tersebut yaitu gejala utama sesak napas, batuk, dan produksi sputum yang meningkat.
Saat ini PPOK merupakan penyakit pernapasan yang menjadi penyebab utama angka kesakitan dan kematian di dunia. Penyakit ini menimbulkan kerugian yang besar terhadap kualitas hidup penderita dan menjadi beban ekonomi bagi bangsa dan negara. Di Indonesia diperkirakan terdapat 4,8 juta pasien PPOK dan angka ini bisa meningkat dengan makin banyaknya jumlah perokok yang merupakan faktor risiko utama PPOK.
Latihan pada penyakit-penyakit paru merupakan komponen penanganan utama yang direkomendasikan American Thoracic Society (ATS) dan European Respiratory Society (ERS) dan secara global dipakai sebagai panduan tatalaksana rehabilitasi paru. Berdasarkan gangguan primernya maka target latihan rehabilitasi akan berbeda, demikian juga peresepan latihannya. Demikian juga dengan faktor-faktor yang dominan menyebabkan kapasitas latihan menurun.
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