REHABILITASI MEDIK PADA Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Abstract
JIA (Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis) adalah penyakit rematik yang paling sering dan menjadi penyebab terbesar disabilitas kronik pada anak. Insiden JIA di dunia sangat bervariasi.1 Sedangkan di Indonesia belum ada angka kejadian JIA yang pasti. Â Populasi anak dengan keluhan artritis diambil dari data rekam medis sejak 1 Januari 2001 hingga 31 Desember 2006 pada Divisi Alergi dan Imunologi Departemen Ilmu Kesehatan Anak (IKA) Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo (RSCM). Penelitian menemukan 71 pasien JIA (35,9%) dari 198 pasien dengan keluhan utama artritis, 68 pasien merupakan pasien artritis reumatoid juvenil (JRA) (34,3%), sedangkan 3 pasien ditemukan dari pasien artritis juvenil lainnya. Tipe oligoartritis persisten merupakan jenis terbanyak yang ditemukan (40,8%).1
              Penanganan multidisiplin keilmuan, meliputi pediatrik rematologi, kedokteran fisik dan rehabilitasi, nutrisi, ortopedi, opthalmologi, dan kardiologi, termasuk keterlibatan anak dan keluarga, diperlukan untuk keberhasilan terapi JIA. Fisiatris berperan penting dalam manajemen komprehensif JIA. Fisiatris mengkoordinasi tim rehabilitasi yang terdiri dari fisioterapis, terapis okupasi, pekerja sosial dan psikolog, untuk memelihara atau mengembalikan fungsi dan perkembangan sesuai usia, mencegah deformitas dan kontraktur, dan membantu manajemen nyeri. Tujuan utamanya adalah untuk memperbaiki kapasitas fungsional dan mencapai kemandirian anak.2-5
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